The Application of the “3 + 1” Mode in the COVID-19 Epidemic Prevention and Control at the Infection Ward of a Designated Comprehensive Hospital for COVID-19 Treatment

Objective: We assess the application effect of the “3 + 1” mode in the COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control at the infection ward of a designated comprehensive hospital for COVID-19 treatment. Method: Based on the features of the inpatients of the infection ward and their relatives, a “3 + 1” mode for the COVID-19 prevention and control is developed to conform to the demands for epidemic prevention and control and the overall prevention and control scheme of the whole hospital. Here, “3” stands for the epidemic prevention and control system, personnel management, and prevention and control measures;“1” stands for COVID-19 testing. Result: From March 1, 2020 to March 31, 2021, a total of 3056 patients were hospitalized in the three infection wards. Among them, 265 patients had a fever, and 113 patients had respiratory symptoms. None of them were infected with COVID-19. The participation rate of the test about the knowledge related to COVID-19 and the knowledge mastery rate were both 100% among the medical staff. None of the inpatients and their companions or the medical staff was diagnosed with COVID-19. Conclusion: Thus the “3 + 1” mode proves successful for avoiding nosocomial infection and the spread of the epidemic.

Teaching Model Integrating Online and Offline in Real Time ——An Exploration of New Teaching Mode for Regular Epidemic Prevention and Control

During epidemic,students in medium-risk or high-risk areas are unable to return to school on time.In response to this new challenge,there is an urgent need to create a new teaching mode to offer on-line courses to those absent from the offline classes,and we propose a model integrating online and offline teaching.It is based on“dual-camera”method,which allows off-campus students to virtually build up a physical classroom scenario on campus through computers and mobile phones.Using this model,students can participate in class remotely.In order to enhance the engagement of off-campus online students,emphasis is placed on interactive teaching.Teachers are required to design their teaching in advance and to work in collaboration with multiple departments,then using information technology and suitable teaching methods to enable students to participate in physical classroom teaching.This model has been tested in practice and has been successful in meeting the challenges.Finally,4 areas for improvement and refinement are identified.

Effects of policies and containment measures on control of COVID- 19 epidemic in Chongqing

BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is an emerging,rapidly evolving disease that spreads through the respiratory system and is highly contagious.In March 2020,the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic.In China,the pandemic was controlled after 2 mo through effective policies and containment measures.Describing the detailed policies and containment measures used to control the epidemic in Chongqing will provide a reference for the prevention and control of COVID-19 in other areas of the world.AIM To explore the effects of different policies and containment measures on the control of the COVID-19 epidemic in Chongqing.METHODS Epidemiological data on COVID-19 in Chongqing were prospectively collected from January 21 to March 15,2020.The policies and prevention measures implemented by the government during the epidemic period were also collected.Trend analysis was performed to explore the impact of the main policy measures on the effectiveness of the control of COVID-19 in Chongqing.As of March 15,the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 in Chongqing was 1.84/100000(576 cases)and the infection fatality rate was 1.04%(6/576).The spread of COVID-19 was controlled by effective policies that involved establishing a group for directing the COVID-19 epidemic control effort;strengthening guidance and supervision;ensuring the supply of daily necessities and medical supplies and equipment to residents;setting up designated hospitals;implementing legal measures;and enhancing health education.Medical techniques were implemented to improve the recovery rate and control the epidemic.Policies such as“the lockdown of Wuhan”,“initiating a first-level response to major public health emergencies”,and“implementing the closed management of residential communities”significantly curbed the spread of COVID-19.Optimizing the diagnosis process,shortening the diagnosis time,and constructing teams of clinical experts facilitated the provision of“one team of medical experts for each patient”treatment for severe patients,which significantly improved the recovery rate and reduced the infection fatality rate.CONCLUSION The prevention policies and containment measures implemented by the government and medical institutions are highly effective in controlling the spread of the epidemic and increasing the recovery rate of COVID-19 patients.

Resilience Evaluation of Housing Estates from the Perspective of Epidemic Prevention:A Case Study of A District in Handan City

The outbreak of COVID-19 at the beginning of 2020 has a great impact on public health security at home and abroad.Community is the basic unit of urban epidemic prevention,and improving community resilience is of great significance for reducing the spread of the epidemic and maintaining the normal life of residents during the epidemic.Based on the concept of resilience,10 indicators were selected from four dimensions of urban space,including facilities,space,nature and society,to construct a community resilience evaluation indicator system for epidemic prevention,and 56 housing estates in Congtai District,Handan City,were selected for scientific evaluation.The results showed that the overall resilience of this region was relatively low and the resilience index decreased from southwest to northeast with the degree of urban development.The accessibility of urban open space,the proportion of redundant space area and the area of public space per capita had the lowest resilience index.Finally,policy suggestions were put forward to improve the resilience of housing estates in the region,so as to promote the steady progress of the city towards the agenda for sustainable development.

COVID-19疫情常态化防控下门诊患者防护依从性及其影响因素分析

目的 探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情常态化防控时期普通门诊患者的防护行为及其影响因素,为做好应对突发公共卫生事件及患者行为依从性管理提供参考。方法 对2022年9月1日~2022年10月1日在焦作市第二人民医院普通门诊就诊的患者采用自制调查问卷进行调查,共发放1 800份,收回有效问卷1 632份(90.66%);内容包括社会人口学特征、防护行为信息、防护依从性等,对防护依从性的相关因素进行单因素分析及多因素Logistic回归分析。结果 本组90.8%的患者愿意实施规范防护,其中防护依从率占90.81%。单因素分析显示,不同文化程度、医保类别、月收入、职业、居住地的患者防护行为依从性比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,高学历、有城镇职工保险、高收入、接种过新冠疫苗的患者防护行为依从性较高;疫情的严重性认知、规范防护的益处认知、自我效能、防护共识对防护依从性有着显著影响,其得分越高,规范防护依从性越好。结论 疫情常态化防控时期,普通门诊患者整体防护依从性较高。文化程度、医保类别、收入、是否接种过新冠疫苗、疫情严重性认知、规范防护的益处认知、自我效能、防护共识是规范防护依从性的影响因素。

Behavior analysis and formative assessments in online oral medicine education during the COVID-19 pandemic

BACKGROUND During the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,traditional teaching methods were disrupted and online teaching became a new topic in education reform and informatization.In this context,it is important to investigate the necessity and effectiveness of online teaching methods for medical students.This study explored stomatology education in China to evaluate the development and challenges facing the field using massive open online courses(MOOCs)for oral medicine education during the pandemic.AIM To investigate the current situation and challenges facing stomatology education in China,and to assess the necessity and effectiveness of online teaching methods among medical students.METHODS Online courses were developed and offered on personal computers and mobile terminals.Behavioral analysis and formative assessments were conducted to evaluate the learning status of students.RESULTS The results showed that most learners had already completed MOOCs and achieved better results.Course behavior analysis and student surveys indicated that students enjoyed the learning experience.However,the development of oral MOOCs during the COVID-19 pandemic faced significant challenges.CONCLUSION This study provides insights into the potential of using MOOCs to support online professional learning and future teaching innovation,but emphasizes the need for careful design and positive feedback to ensure their success.

The impact of the COVID-19 prevention and economic interventions on express delivery industry:Evidence from China

As a fundamental logistics service,the express delivery(ED)industry provides production and consumption activities to maintain efficient supply chain operations.It plays an important role in promoting industrial development and maintaining daily life and consumption.This study examined the effects of COVID-19 on the ED industry using ED package delivery data from 31 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities)in China.Using a difference-in-differences method,the COVID-19 outbreak was found to have a positive effect and epidemic prevention and control(EPC)policies were found to have negative effects on the development of the ED industry.In addition to EPC policies,the Chinese government has implemented other short-term economic interventions(SEI),such as the resumption of work and production(RWP),policies to balance economic growth,and epidemic prevention.This study divided the pandemic period into three stages to analyze the different impacts of EPC and SEI policy changes on the ED industry.The RWP policies adopted during the pandemic positively impacted the volume and income of packages delivered to the ED industry.The conclusions of this study are significant for the ED industry in addressing public health emergencies and for the Chinese government to formulate EPC and SEI policies during epidemic periods.

Information fusion for future COVID-19 prevention:continuous mechanism of big data intelligent innovation for the emergency management of a public epidemic outbreak

Information fusion is very effective and necessary to respond to a public epidemic outbreak such as COVID-19.Big data intelligent,as a product of information fusion,plays an important role in the prevention and control of COVID-19.The continuous mechanism of big data intelligent innovation(BDII)is fundamental to effectively prevent and control a public epidemic outbreak.In this study,the continuous mechanism of BDII was fused into a complex network,and a three-dimensional collaborative epidemic prevention model was constructed.Furthermore,adiabatic elimination principle was applied to explore the order parameter of the continuous mechanism.Finally,empirical analysis was conducted based on three-stage epidemic prevention strategies to reveal the effect of continuous epidemic prevention under different big data intelligent emergency management policy levels.The results of this study are as follows.Through the mutual influence and coupling of the subsystems,the continuous mechanism of BDII can be realized to manage a public epidemic outbreak emergency.The big data intelligent subsystem is integrated into the subsystems of public epidemic outbreak management and science and technology innovation.The big data intelligent emergency management policies play a positive role in the overall BDII for the continuous epidemic prevention of a public epidemic outbreak.The convention of BDII transformation is the continuous mechanism of BDII as the order parameter of a public epidemic outbreak.In the early stage of epidemic prevention,the convention is excessively pursued,while the neglect of BDII configuration is not conducive to the long-term collaborative governance of a public epidemic outbreak.The study provides practical guidelines for the formulation of fusion innovation policies,application of big data intelligent,and theoretical basis for the emergency management of a public epidemic outbreak in the medical field.

Validating the CorrectWearing of Protection Mask by Taking a Selfie:Design of a Mobile Application“CheckYourMask”to Limit the Spread of COVID-19

In a context of a virus that is transmissive by sputtering,wearing masks appear necessary to protect the wearer and to limit the propagation of the disease.Currently,we are facing the 2019-2020 coronavirus pandemic.Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is an infectious disease with first symptoms similar to the flu.The symptom of COVID-19 was reported first in China and very quickly spreads to the rest of the world.The COVID-19 contagiousness is known to be high by comparison with the flu.In this paper,we propose a design of a mobile application for permitting everyone having a smartphone and being able to take a picture to verify that his/her protection mask is correctly positioned on his/her face.Such application can be particularly useful for people using face protection mask for the first time and notably for children and old people.The designed method exploits Haar-like feature descriptors to detect key features of the face and a decision-making algorithm is applied.Experimental results show the potential of this method in the validation of the correct mask wearing.To the best of our knowledge,our work is the only one that currently proposes a mobile application design“CheckYourMask”for validating the correct wearing of protection mask.

Delta新冠病毒变异株COVID-19患者医院感染现患率调查分析

目的 了解Delta新冠病毒变异株引发的新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-2019)患者医院感染发生情况,为COVID-19收治医院医院感染防控提供参考依据。方法 通过病历调阅及床旁查看相结合的方式,采用时点现患率调查方法,对某COVID-19定点收治医院2022年1月13日所有在院患者医院感染相关情况进行调查分析。结果 共调查403例COVID-19患者,年龄10个月~94岁,中位年龄36岁,医院感染例次现患率为1.99%。其中COVID-19患者不同年龄、疾病分型和诊疗场所患者医院感染现患率比较,差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。呼吸机使用率1.24%,呼吸机相关肺炎2例;留置导尿管使用率1.99%,导尿管相关泌尿系统感染1例;中心静脉置管使用率为0.99%,无1例患者发生中心静脉导管相关血流感染。感染部位以下呼吸道为主,检出病原菌以金黄色葡萄球菌为主。抗菌药物使用率为1.74%,均为治疗用药和单一用药。结论伴随新型冠状病毒不断进化和变异,导致多个国家和地区疫情反弹,Delta新冠病毒变异株引发的COVID-19患者医院感染现患率低于原始毒株引发的,且在抗菌药物使用、侵入性操作等方面存在一些差异;老年、重型和重症监护病房患者是COVID-19定点收治医院防控医院感染应重点关注的人群。

Management strategies in a thoracic surgery ward during COVID-19 pandemic: Experience from West China Hospital

The coronavirus disease 2019 was first reported in Wuhan in December 2019 and then spread rapidly throughout the world.On March 11,2020,the World Health Organization declared coronavirus disease 2019 a pandemic.In response to the pandemic,the management division of West China Hospital oversaw the implementation of hospital-wide emergency measures.In accordance with these measures,the hospital's thoracic surgery ward implemented a new management system by reformulating staff training plans,patient admission procedures,and other systems for managing the ward and protecting perioperative patients.Overall,the ward was successful in restoring normal working order,protecting all staff from occupational exposures,and ensuring the safety of inpatients and their families.

COVID-19 countermeasures of Chinese national athletes:Prevention,treatment,and return to play

Under the condition of normalized epidemic,how athletes train and compete well has been in the spotlight.This article reported the symptom,hospitalization and training situation of seven confirmed cases of coronavirusdisease-2019(COVID-19)among Chinese national teams.Moreover,the paper summarized the experience of Chinese national teams in terms of epidemic prevention and control,treatment of infection,and safe return to play.Through a scientific combination of medication and non-medical treatment,seven athletes were all discharged from the hospital.These discharged athletes underwent strict isolation and scientific training before returning to sports teams.Before returning to play,continuous monitoring of physical and mental condition was required.All seven athletes returned to play safely and performed excellently.As for hosting large-scale sporting events,the entire enclosed-loop management from immigration to competition was proposed in this paper.This study could serve as a standard of epidemic prevention and control,treatment for infection and safe return to play during competition and training around the world.

弹性生活圈理念下的小区出入口平疫管控研究——以天津市和平区为例

新冠疫情爆发后,适应公共卫生防疫导向的社区生活圈建设成为社区治理的重要环节。为适应平疫多阶段转换发展需求,以构建平疫多阶段的弹性社区生活圈为导向,重点聚焦公共卫生防疫视角下的小区出入口调节管控问题。以天津市和平区小区出入口为实证研究对象,解析了平疫多阶段出入口管控与社区生活圈弹性间的变化规律,测度了疫期、常态化时期不同导向需求下的出入口最优开放点位。最后,根据测度结果,建构了平疫全周期多类型小区出入口管控模式,从出入口场地管理、弹性空间利用等方面对未来弹性社区生活圈规划建设提出了思考与建议。

新冠疫情常态化防控下运用云端平台结合同伴教育管理糖尿病的效果

目的:探讨在新冠疫情常态化防控下运用云端平台结合同伴教育对糖尿病患者血糖管理的效果。方法:110例患者随机分为两组,观察组在对照组基础上加入我科“甜心圈”微信群,并关注我科“东南糖友屋”微信公众号,定期接受我科推送的关于糖尿病健康知识的短视频及直播,同时将培训合格的糖尿病患者作为同伴教育执行者参与到观察组的健康教育当中,对比两组患者干预前后血糖、代谢指标水平及中文版糖尿病管理自我效能量表(C-DMSES)评分。结果:干预后观察组FBG、PBG、HbA1c、BMI、TC、TG低于对照组,C-DMSES评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:在新冠疫情常态化防控下,运用微信群、微信公众号、短视频、直播等云端平台传播糖尿病健康知识,结合同伴教育对糖尿病患者血糖管理效果明显。

常态化疫情防控期间小儿神经外科无陪住患儿的箱庭疗法心理干预效果分析

目的探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情常态化防控期间运用箱庭疗法对3~12岁无家属陪住患儿的分离性焦虑等心理障碍的缓解作用。方法纳入2021年2月—2022年5月收治入院的手术患儿170例,采用随机抽样方法分为对照组和干预组,各85例。对照组实施常规排班,患儿接受常规治疗和护理;干预组实施责任护士制,并在对照组基础上增加箱庭疗法心理干预。收集两组患儿住院第2天及出院当天的儿童青少年多维度焦虑量表(MASC)评分。结果出院当天两组MSAC量表评分总分及各分量表得分较入院时下降(P<0.01),干预组MASC总得分低于对照组(P<0.01);MASC量表分量表中伤害逃避、分离性焦虑及社会焦虑得分干预组低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论责任护士全程陪护联合箱庭疗法能有效改善患儿的心理健康状况,箱庭疗法作为治疗性心理护理方法,可以作为住院患儿,尤其是疫情期间住院患儿的综合护理方案的一部分,值得进一步研究及推广。

The Covid-19 outbreak in Spain.A simple dynamics model,some lessons,and a theoretical framework for control response

Spain is among the countries worst hit by the Covid-19 pandemic,with one of the highest rate of infections and deaths per million inhabitants.First positive was reported on late January 2020.Mid March,with 7,000 confirmed cases,nationwide lockdown was imposed.Mid May the epidemic was stabilized and government eased measures.Here we model the dynamics of the epidemic in Spain over the whole span,and study the effectiveness of control measures.The model is also applied to Italy and Germany.We propose formulas to easily estimate the size of the outbreak and the benefit of early intervention.A susceptibleinfectious-recovered(SIR)model was used to simulate the epidemic.The growth and transmission rates,doubling time,and reproductive number were estimated by leastmean-square fitting of daily cases.Time-series data were obtained from official government reports.We forecasted the epidemic curve after lockdown under different effectiveness scenarios,and nowcasted the trend by moving average sliding window.Exponential growth expressions were derived.Outbreak progression remained under the early growth dynamics.The basic reproductive number in Spain was 2.5±0.1(95%CI 2.3 e2.7),and the doubling time was 2.8±0.1 days(95%CI 2.6e3.0).Slight variations in measures effectiveness produce a large divergence in the epidemic size.The effectiveness in Spain was 68%,above control threshold(60%).During lockdown the reproductive number dropped to an average of 0.81±0.02(95%CI 0.77e0.85).Estimated epidemic size is about 300,000 cases.A 7-days advance of measures yields a reduction to 38%.The dynamics in Spain is similar to other countries.Strong lockdown measures must be adopted if not compensated by rapid detection and isolation of patients,and even a slight relaxation would raise the reproductive number above 1.Simple calculations allow anticipating the size of the epidemic based on when measures are taken and their effectiveness.Spain acted late.Control measures must be implemented immediately in the face on an epidemic.

上海市应对新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情综合防控策略

面对新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情,上海市坚决贯彻中央部署要求,采取了最严格、最全面、最积极的防控措施,在短时间内有效地遏制疫情蔓延势头。在疫情防控过程中,准确把握疫情形势变化,因时因势调整防控策略和措施,在严防境外疫情输入、有效处置本土疫情、统筹推动疫情防控和经济社会发展方面形成了行之有效的防控举措,构建起超大城市科学精准防控工作模式。

基层医疗卫生机构新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控常态化工作存在的问题和对策建议

在新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控中,基层医疗卫生机构对社区疫情防控和防疫关口前移发挥重要作用,是外防输入、内防扩散的最有效防线。在面对当下乃至未来较长一段时间内存在的新型冠状病毒感染局部暴发或区域性流行的情况下,基层医疗卫生机构需要把防疫工作常态化,及时补足重大疫情防控中的短板,包括环境建设欠规范、应急物资储备不足、制度建设流于形式、基层医疗卫生应急能力不足等。建议改善基层医疗卫生机构场地环境、完善制度、提升基层应急能力,重视基层医疗卫生工作者的劳动价值并建立有效激励措施,以利于基层医疗卫生机构持久战疫。

常态化疫情防控下综合医院无症状感染者防控体系的构建与完善

当前,我国新冠肺炎疫情防控工作取得了重大阶段性成果,本土传播链基本切断,但是外防输入的压力持续加大,内防反弹的复杂性持续增加。党中央将新冠肺炎疫情防控工作纳入了常态化机制,要求进一步抓紧抓实抓细各项防控工作。而内防反弹其防控最重要的环节就是无症状感染者,国家针对其传播的传染病三个环节采取了一系列的措施:(1)切断无症状感染者传播途径的"四不要",(2)扩大核酸检测,(3)加强全民健康码的管理。进而更能在早期积极主动寻找传染源等,实现关口前移,进一步完善了常态化形势下防控无症状感染者体系。

我国高校图书馆委托借阅、复工开馆调查及常态化疫情防控下的服务建议

在全民抗击"新型冠状病毒肺炎"疫情期间,图书馆根据防控要求及读者需要,积极探索应急服务的新模式。通过对"双一流"高校图书馆的全媒体调查,系统梳理和总结高校图书馆的委托借书服务、开馆复工举措,并从功能、人员、空间布局、管理等方面对疫情防控常态化下高校图书馆服务工作的开展提出建议,以期作为我国高校图书馆的借鉴与参考。