Study on Water Consumption Coefficient of People's Living and Its Regional Disparity in the North of China

By employing the information-reshufflingmethod that integrates census data, precipitation dataand inquiry data of water consumption, this paperdiscusses 5 (water consumption coefficient of people’sliving) in allusion to different precipitation zones anddifferent periods of time. The study shows that 5-(water consumption coefficient of urban people’sliving), 5. (water consumption coefficient of ruralpeople’s living) and increase with time passing, andthe increasing extent of 5 is 1.84, 2.62, 2.84 and 2.68times respectively from the west to the east, whichresults from the total quantity of water resources andthe speed of urbanization. 5- and 5. of eachprecipitation zone increased with 5- increasing morequickly than 5., and the difference between the twoalso increased when time passed. In the past fifty years(1950-2000), the increasing extent of 5- was 1.71,2.96, 2.41 and 2.33 times respectively from the westto the east, in which 200-400mm precipitation zoneincreased more than others. Meanwhile the increasingextent of 5. is 1.55, 1.60, 1.53 and 1.64 timesrespectively from the west to the east with eachprecipitation zone increasing similarly. The change of5-is due to the speed of urbanization and the stabilityof water resources. This study provides basis forcalculating the water demand of people’s living andrevealing the impact of water demand of people’s livingon ecological drought in different zones.

THE REMOTE SENSING IN COAL GEOLOGY——A study on detection of coal spontanous burning by remote sensing in the coal fields in the north of China

The spontaneous burning has been lasting for thousands of years in the coal fields in the north of China. It spreads from the west (Tianshan coal field) to the east (Huolinhe coal field). Its E-W extension is up to 3750km, concentrating in N35°toN45°, its vertical depth up to 260m, and the surface temprature locally up to 270℃. Annually, it burns out 0, 250-300 million tones of coal, causing economic loss equivalent to 2-3 billion R.M.B. Yuan.It destroies coal resources and causes hazards in coal mines. In order to locate the extent and the direction in coal burning areas, the remote sensing technique has heen used and has produced an obvious benefit.

Analyzing and quantitatively evaluating the organic matter source at different ecologic zones of tidal salt marsh, North Jiangsu Province, China

In order to explore the effect of different eco-logical zones and their above plants in the organic matter cycling of the whole tidal salt marsh,indicators such as total organic carbon(TOC),total nitrogen(TN),C/N ratio,δ13C and d15N of surface,core sediments,and plants of tidal salt marshes in North Jiangsu Province are analyzed.Subse-quently,distribution regularities of these measurement indi-cators are discussed,and the biogeochemistry processes between sediments and plants are also analyzed.Lastly,the organic matter sources of different ecologic zones in tidal salt marsh are evaluated,and the organic matter accumu-lations in different ecologic zones induced by their plants are also compared.These results indicate that TOC,TN,C/N ratio and δ13C showed obvious zonal distribution.The organic matter sources are dominated by marine input in the silt flat,artemisia schrenkiana flat,and the transition zone between silt and spartina alterniflora flat,and are controlled by terrigenous input in spartina alterniflora flat.Spartina alterniflora plays an important role in the accumulation of organic matter in the whole tidal salt marshes ecosystem.In the study area,the annually increased TOC,organic matter and TN in the spartina alterniflora,artemisia schrenkiana and reed flats reach 6,451,12,043 and 536 t,respectively.The amount of TOC,organic matter and TN accumulated in the spartina alterniflora flat is more than that in other ecological zones,which shows that the spartina alterniflora flat exert a non-replaceable effect on the material cycle and exchange in the whole tidal salt marshes ecosystem.