Disparities in the impact of economic well-being on self-esteem in adulthood:Race and ethnicity

BACKGROUND Most studies have defined economic well-being as socioeconomic status,with little attention given to whether other indicators influence self-esteem.Little is known about racial/ethnic disparities in the relationship between economic wellbeing and self-esteem during adulthood.AIM To explore the impact of economic well-being on self-esteem in adulthood and differences in the association across race/ethnicity.METHODS The current study used data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979.The final sample consisted of 2267 African Americans,1425 Hispanics,and 3678 non-Hispanic Whites.Ordinary linear regression analyses and logistic regression analyses were conducted.RESULTS African Americans and Hispanics were more likely to be in poverty in comparison with non-Hispanic Whites.More African Americans were unemployed than Whites.Those who received fringe benefits,were more satisfied with jobs,and were employed were more likely to have higher levels of self-esteem.Poverty was negatively associated with self-esteem.Interaction effects were found between African Americans and job satisfaction predicting self-esteem.CONCLUSION The role of employers is important in cultivating employees’self-esteem.Satisfactory outcomes or feelings of happiness from the workplace may be more important to non-Hispanic Whites compared to African Americans and Hispanics.

Effects of Industrial Relocation on Chinese Regional Economic Growth Disparities: Based on System Dynamics Modeling

The economic growth of China has led to increasing growth disparities between regions. Such disparities are uncontrolled and are severely negative symptoms in the process of economic development. On the basis of system dynamics(SD) modeling and the relationship between industrial relocation and regional economic growth, we construct a model of the interrelationship between the two aforementioned phenomena. The model is an effective and creative exploration for examining effects of industrial relocation on Chinese regional economic growth disparities. The SD model is employed in this study to build an inter-regional labor migration SD model, an inter-regional capital migration SD model, an intra-industry SD model, an intra-regional population SD model, and an intra-regional SD model which are based on realities in labor and capital flow from the view of industrial relocation. VENSIM software is utilized to perform a system simulation based on the data of the eastern, middle, and western regions from 2000 to 2010. Results show that industrial relocation gradually narrows the relative disparity in GDP among the three regions. Moreover, the absolute one is enlarged continuously. The absolute and relative disparities in per capita GDP among eastern, middle, and western regions generally exhibit decreasing trends.

The regional disparities of socio-economic development in rural Jiangsu Province,China

Since the implementation of reform and open door policy in China, Jiangsu has become one of the provinces which have the highest speed of economic development. With the implementation of the uneven development strategy, Jiangsu has witnessed a widening dichotomy in levels of socio economic development: southeast showing rapid improvement and north showing little improvement, particularly in rural areas. Based on factor analysis, it is argued that foreign investment, agricultural productivity, the character of regional economic structures, and the level of urbanization all contribute in varying ways to the inequalities in levels of socio economic development in different regions of Jiangsu. According to the levels of socio economic development, eleven regions are categorized into three groups.

Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis on Regional Economic Disparity of Northeast Economic Region in China

Popular regional inequality indexes such as variation coefficient and Gini coefficient can only reveal overall inequality, and have limited ability in revealing spatial dependence or spatial agglomeration. Recently some methods of exploratory spatial data analysis such as spatial autocorrelation have provided effective tools to analyze spatial agglomeration and cluster, which can reveal the pattern of regional inequality. This article attempts to use spatial autocorrelation at county level to get refined spatial pattern of regional disparity in Chinese northeast economic region over 2000-2006 (2001 absent). The result indicates that the basic trend of regional economy is an increasing concentration of growth among counties in northeast economic region, and there are two geographical clusters of poorer counties including the counties in western Liaoning Province and adjacent counties in Inner Mongolia, poorer counties of Heihe, Qiqihar and Suihua in Heilongjiang Province. This article also reveals that we can use the methods of exploratory spatial data analysis as the supplementary analysis methods in regional economic analysis.

R/S AND WAVELET ANALYSIS ON EVOLUTIONARYPROCESS OF REGIONAL ECONOMIC DISPARITY IN CHINA DURING PAST 50 YEARS

This paper shows the dynamic process of regional disparity of economic development in China in the past 50 years from a new insight by using the rescaled range statistic (R/S) analysis and wavelet analysis of the Theil index sequence with different time scales. The main conclusions are: 1) The regional disparity of economic development in China, including the inter-provincial disparity, inter-regional disparity and intra-regional disparity, has existed for many years. Theil index by the comparative price has revealed the true trend for comparative disparity of regional economic development from 1952 to 2000. 2) Decomposition of Theil index indicates that the dynamic trend of comparative inter-provincial disparity in the coastal region is in line with dynamic trend of inter-provincial disparity in the whole China. 3) The R/S analysis results tell us that during 1966-1978, the Hurst exponent H=0.504≈0.5, which indicates that in that period the evolution of comparative inter-provincial disparity of economic development showed a random characteristic, and in the other periods, i.e. 1952-1965, 1979-1990 and 1991-2000, the Hurst exponent H>0.5, which indicates that in those periods the evolution of the comparative inter-provincial disparity of economic development in China had a long-enduring characteristic. 4) By using wavelet analysis at different time scale, we arrived at a conclusion that the evolutionary process of the disparity of economic development of China is not a simple inverted U shape but a compound of several U shapes. The result tells us that the evolutionary plot of inter-provincial disparity in China follows the inverted U on the whole at the higher scale, 24(16 years). That is to say, the disparity tends to rise in the first stage of economic development, and fall slowly over the peak in the second stage of economic development. However, if we shorten the time scale to 23 (8 years), then a link of several U shapes will appear.

Spatial Analysis of the Evolvement of Urban and Rural Economic Disparity in Yunnan Province,China

The per capita disposable income of urban households and the per capita net income of rural households in Yunnan Province are selected as the variable indices.Data are from the Yunnan Statistical Yearbook and the Yunnan Statistical Yearbook.Theil index and RHL value are used to carry out quantitative research on the occurrence,development and change of urban and rural economic disparity in Yunnan Province,China.Regression analysis on the evolvement trend of urban and rural economic disparity and spatial analysis on the convergence and divergence of urban and rural disparity caused by economic growth in Yunnan Province are carried out.Result shows that cities in Yunnan Province show a downward convergence;while rural areas show a downward divergence in the years 1978-2007,causing the economic disparity between urban and rural areas.Therefore,urban and rural disparity increases in Yunnan Province and the development of rural areas lags far behind the development of urban areas.Urban and rural economic disparity in Yunnan Province shows an inverted "U" shape of Kuznets Curve.In order to promote the coordinated development of urban and rural economy,suggestions are put forward,such as adopting the unbalanced development strategy,accelerating the overall economic development,promoting the development of small and medium-sized cities,enhancing the integration of urban and rural economics,appropriately supporting rural areas under poverty,and fully exerting the comparative advantage.

Identifi cation and decomposition of regional economic disparity for the west coast of Taiwan Strait of China

Regional economic disparity is a hot issue in the development of society and economy.As the conjunct of the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta and the frontier to Taiwan,the west coast of the Taiwan Strait(WCS) is of great social and political signif icance.The paper def ines the connotation of the WCS,decomposed the regional economic disparity by using weighted coeff icient of variation and Theil coeff icient,and explores the indus-trial and regional source of the regional economic disparity of the WCS.The analysis results show that:(1) the WCS has important political,economic and military position,so it's better to regard it to be comprehensive region,not just refer to Fujian Province;(2) from the industrial decomposition of weighted variation coeff icient,the influence of the primary industry was tiny;conversely,the development inequity of the secondary and the tertiary industry was the main source of regional economic disparity.Their contribution has had the converse trend and the secondary contri-bution has gone beyond the tertiary since 2003;(3) from the regional decomposition of Theil coeff icient,the regional economic disparity mainly came from inter-area inequity of 4 areas.Moreover,the inner economic disparity mainly drove by Fujian,suggesting that the urban development inequity in Fujian Province was comparatively outstanding.

外部需求冲击对中国地区间经济差距的影响

区域间经济发展差距一直是中国经济面临的突出问题之一。基于2000—2014年BACI-CEPII双边贸易数据与城市统计年鉴数据,以城市为分析对象,探究外部需求冲击对中国地区间经济差距的影响及其作用机制。研究发现:外部需求扩张会显著扩大中国地区间经济差距,该结论在经过内生性处理以及一系列稳健性检验之后依然成立;外部需求扩张提高了地区主导产业规模与关联产业强度,从而加剧外部需求扩张对地区间经济差距的拉大效应;外部需求扩张促进了城市间产业转移的发生,而且产业转移整体上缓解了外部需求扩张所引致的地区间经济差距的扩大;外部需求扩张主要加剧了东部地区与南部地区城市与全国平均水平间的经济差距,但是会缩小西部地区城市与全国平均水平间的经济差距,对中部地区与北部地区城市间经济差距的影响则不明显。

共同富裕视域下区域经济差距对刑事犯罪影响的研究

在共同富裕视域下,以2018-2020年全国31个省(自治区、直辖市)共232个地区(州)的城乡收入、区域经济差距、犯罪类型、犯罪率等为调查对象,构建面板数据回归模型,得出城乡收入差距、区域经济差距与刑事犯罪间的定量关系。刑事犯罪与城市化水平、失业率、受教育水平均显著相关,提出共同富裕目标推进过程中有效预防和控制刑事犯罪发生的对策建议。

人口集聚、产业结构与地区间经济差距——以成渝地区双城经济圈为例

成渝地区双城经济圈建设是国家推动一体化发展的重大决策部署。基于2012—2021年成渝地区双城经济圈面板数据,运用基准模型、门槛效应模型和中介效应模型,分析成渝地区双城经济圈人口集聚、产业结构与地区间经济差距三者的相互关系及其作用机制。研究结果表明,人口集聚能显著缩小成渝地区双城经济圈地区间的经济差距;人口集聚对缩小地区间经济差距存在以产业结构为门槛的双门槛效应:当产业结构越过相应门槛值,人口集聚对地区间经济差距的影响越大;人口集聚通过促进产业结构升级的中介渠道缩小地区间的经济差距。研究结论对成渝地区双城经济圈“优化空间布局,推进区域协调发展”、实现“在发展中营造平衡”具有一定借鉴价值。

我国沿海11个省区市经济差异及影响因素分析

东部沿海地区是中国经济发展的重点地区,但其内部经济差异问题相当突出。为协调东部沿海地区的经济可持续发展,部分沿海省区市在2008年前后制定并实施了沿海发展战略。文章利用变异系数和基尼系数对11个沿海省区市2000-2020年经济差异变化进行探究,结果表明,区域经济差异在此期间总体呈现缩小趋势。其阶段性特征为:2000-2004年呈现缓慢上升趋势,2004-2014年总体为下降趋势,2014-2020年呈现回升趋势。然后文章利用面板数据模型对区域经济差异的影响因素进行分析,结果表明,存在沿海开发战略对11个沿海省区市经济差异存在正向影响。

FDI对我国产业结构多样性的影响研究

本研究旨在探讨外商直接投资(FDI)对中国产业结构多样性的影响,特别是在不同地区间的差异性及其背后的原因。通过计量分析,本研究发现FDI对我国中部和西部地区的产业结构多样性具有显著的正向影响,而对东部地区则呈现负向影响。这一差异可以归因于各地区在经济发展阶段、产业基础、政策导向、市场饱和度以及资源分布和地理优势等方面的不同。基于这些发现,本研究提出了一系列政策建议,包括实施区域差异化的FDI策略、优化投资环境与激励机制等,旨在更有效地利用FDI促进中国产业结构的多样化,同时加强经济的整体竞争力和可持续发展能力。

经济三重开放、产业梯度转移与区域经济差距

文章基于2011—2020年中国30个省份的面板数据,建立门槛模型实证分析经济三重开放影响区域经济差距的非线性传导机制。研究结果显示:经济三重开放能够通过产业梯度转移缩小区域经济差距,但不同维度对区域经济差距的作用效果存在差异。其中,国际开放水平对区域经济差距的直接影响效应大于间接效应、省际开放水平表现出直接负向作用、省内开放水平的作用不显著。国际与省际开放水平在产业梯度转移程度较低的地区对区域经济差距扩大产生一定的促进作用,而在转移程度较高地区对区域经济差距缩小产生明显的积极作用。

黄河流域区域经济差异影响因素的空间异质性--基于MGWR模型的实证研究

利用变异系数、基尼系数、GIS空间分析等方法,剖析黄河流域区域经济差异的时空演化格局,并运用多尺度地理加权回归模型(MGWR)对其影响因素的空间异质性进行分析。结果表明:(1)2002—2020年黄河流域不同尺度区域经济绝对与相对差异均较为明显,区域经济差异从大到小依次为地级市、省级、城市群、上中下游。(2)2002—2020年黄河流域区域经济发展水平呈波动上升趋势,呈由东至西递减格局,且尺度越小区域经济异质性越强。(3)各影响因素呈现显著的空间分异格局,对黄河流域区域经济差异的影响具有不同的空间模式和影响范围。其中城镇化、分权化、产业结构对黄河流域地级市经济发展的影响从东至西递减,区域投资水平对黄河流域上游城市经济发展的影响较大,海拔对流域内城市经济发展的负向影响由东至西递增。

数字经济对经济高质量发展地区差距的影响研究

文章从数字产业化、产业数字化和数字经济发展环境三个维度构建了数字经济发展水平指标体系,引入关系数据范式,利用二次指派程序(QAP)实证考察数字经济对经济高质量发展地区差距的影响。研究发现,我国数字经济和经济高质量发展水平总体上均呈现东高西低、南高北低的态势;近年来,数字经济发展的地区差异不断缩小,而经济高质量发展的总体差异呈扩大态势。全样本分析表明,数字经济的协调发展是缩小高质量发展地区差距的有力途径。分区域考察显示,西部地区数字经济发展对缩小高质量发展地区差距的驱动作用大于东部地区,而中部地区的驱动作用尚不明显;南方地区数字经济发展对缩小地区差距的贡献大于北方地区。进一步分析表明,数字经济发展不平衡的改善对缩小创新发展、协调发展、可持续发展、开放发展和共享发展的地区差距均存在显著的积极效应。

对外开放对地区经济差距的影响——基于长江经济带107个城市的研究

文章基于2003—2020年长江经济带107个城市的数据,采用传统收敛和空间收敛两种模型探讨了对外开放对地区经济差距的影响。研究发现:长江经济带经济总体上趋于绝对收敛,并且在空间关联作用下开放兼具促进经济增长和加快经济收敛的效应,有效缩小了地区经济差距;对外开放的影响存在显著的时空异质性,长江经济带不同地区在全面扩大开放的同时,既要实施差异化开放策略,又要强化开放联动,才能更好地助推区域协调发展。

乡村振兴与地方经济耦合协调发展的测度研究——基于全国31个省份的数据

我国经济已经由高速增长阶段转向高质量发展阶段,如何在新常态下保持经济稳定增长,迫切需要为经济发展寻找新动能。经济发展为乡村振兴提供经济基础,乡村振兴为经济发展提供新动能。利用耦合协调度模型,对我国31个省份的乡村振兴与经济发展的耦合协调度进行测度分析。研究表明:从总体来看,全国各省份的乡村振兴与经济发展均呈现高度耦合状态;从年际变化来看,各省份的耦合度呈现窄幅波动状态。从区域来看,协调度存在明显的“东西梯度差异”现象;从年际变化来看,全国各省份协调度总体上呈上升趋势。为了实现乡村振兴与经济发展的良性协调发展,政府应根据协调等级、协调发展类型以及障碍因子分析,因地制宜,对不同区域采取有针对性的政策措施。

网络零售缩小了区域经济差距吗?--基于中国地级市数据的实证分析

网络零售市场的发展已经成为影响中国区域经济差距的重要因素。本文利用2018—2021年全网60余家电商平台的地级市网络零售数据,实证探究了网络零售发展与区域经济差距的内在联系。研究发现:第一,整体来看,网络零售市场的发展拉大了我国的区域经济差距,在一定程度上形成了“强者越强”的极化现象;第二,网络零售整体的促经济差距收敛效应仅发生在东部地区,对于中西部城市与国内头部城市间的经济差距形成了反向的发散效果;第三,农产品的网络零售有助于缩小中西部与东部经济发达地区的经济差距,且对西部城市的收敛效果要强于中部城市。研究结论为分区域、有侧重地支持网络零售发展以及加强东西部农产品消费协作提供了理论依据。

中国收入差距核心影响因素提取与非线性动态影响效应研究

聚焦收入差距扩大问题,运用贝叶斯结构方程模型和通径分析法刻画中国收入差距的影响机理并提取出核心影响因素,构建时变参数向量自回归模型考察收入差距与其核心影响因素间的非线性动态关系。研究结果表明:(1)经济增长、人口因素、社会保障与基础设施均不同程度扩大了中国收入差距。(2)收入差距对储蓄率、失业保险覆盖率以及人均受教育水平的变动非常灵敏。短期内失业保险覆盖率增加对收入差距产生较大的正向冲击,长期中失业保险的收入分配调节效应显现。(3)时点脉冲响应结果表明,利率越低,储蓄率恶化收入差距的效果越显著;社保制度的改革完善短期会使失业保险覆盖率恶化收入差距的作用增强,长期来看随着覆盖群体的扩大,失业保险的收入再分配效果逐渐增强;技术知识领域投资增加,在长期将使人均受教育水平进一步恶化收入差距。据此,缩小收入差距的主要着眼点应是努力提高中低收入居民的收入水平,扩大社会保障覆盖面并逐步提升保障水平,不断完善收入再分配制度。

非对称视角下区域旅游经济差异形成机制研究——基于31个省(区、市)的清晰集定性比较分析

我国旅游经济长期存在明显的区域差异。然而,鲜有研究对影响因素相互作用形成区域旅游经济差异的机制进行分析。文章利用31个省(区、市)的旅游经济相关统计数据,采用清晰集定性比较分析(csQCA)进行非对称建模探讨区域旅游经济差异。结果表明:区域旅游经济差异的形成原因具有非对称性,高/低旅游经济收入存在不同的形成路径;大部分因素的作用效果会受到其他前因条件影响,表现出不对称的非线性效应;形成高旅游经济收入的核心条件是交通便利,原因主要表现为交通驱动,而导致低旅游经济收入的原因则是后天发展受限。文章不仅为区域旅游经济差异分析引入了新视角,有助于深入理解影响因素的复杂交互和非线性作用机制,还挖掘了基于区域的旅游发展模式,对旅游政策制定者具有重要实践指导。