In China with the implement of the strategy of overall opening up to the outside world,northeast China has basically formed an open pattern with simultineous development of border opening and coast opening. As a natio...In China with the implement of the strategy of overall opening up to the outside world,northeast China has basically formed an open pattern with simultineous development of border opening and coast opening. As a national window to open up to the outside world, an open port system in northeast region has formed. These ports can be classified from different angles, such as management level, transport mode, location. From management level, they can be classified into the state firstclass ports and the second-class ports. According to transpost mode, they can be divided into railway port, highway port, water transport port, air transport port and special mode port, and based on location, they can be divided into border port, coast port and inland port. The oaper introduces in detail the foreign trade connection of 4 most representative state first-class border ports: Hunchun, Suifenhe, Heihe and Manzhouli. The open ports Of northeast coast regin mean mainly coast water transport ports in Liaodong Peninsula. The foreign trade connection of coast open ports: Dandong, Jinzhou,Yingkou and Dalian is expounded. And the paper also analyses the transport connection of ports of northeast region with their hinterlands.展开更多
The most common scientific approach to numerical landscape-level forest management planning is combinatorial optimization aimed at finding the optimal combination of the treatment alternatives of stands. The selected ...The most common scientific approach to numerical landscape-level forest management planning is combinatorial optimization aimed at finding the optimal combination of the treatment alternatives of stands. The selected combination of treatments depends on the conditions of the forest, and the objectives of the forest landowners. A two-step procedure is commonly used to derive the plan. First, treatment alternatives are generated for the stands using an automated simulation tool. Second,the optimal combination of the simulated treatment schedules is found by using mathematical programming or various heuristics. Simulation of treatment schedules requires models for stand dynamics and volume for all important tree species and stand types present in the forest.A forest planning system was described for Northeast China. The necessary models for stand dynamics and tree volume were presented for the main tree species of the region. The developed models were integrated into the simulation tool of the planning system. The simulation and the optimization tools of the planning system were described. The optimization tool was used with heuristic methods, making it possible to easily solve also spatial forest planning problems, for instance aggregate cuttings.Finally, the use of the system is illustrated with a case study, in which nonspatial and spatial management plans are developed for the Mengjiagang Forest District.展开更多
文摘In China with the implement of the strategy of overall opening up to the outside world,northeast China has basically formed an open pattern with simultineous development of border opening and coast opening. As a national window to open up to the outside world, an open port system in northeast region has formed. These ports can be classified from different angles, such as management level, transport mode, location. From management level, they can be classified into the state firstclass ports and the second-class ports. According to transpost mode, they can be divided into railway port, highway port, water transport port, air transport port and special mode port, and based on location, they can be divided into border port, coast port and inland port. The oaper introduces in detail the foreign trade connection of 4 most representative state first-class border ports: Hunchun, Suifenhe, Heihe and Manzhouli. The open ports Of northeast coast regin mean mainly coast water transport ports in Liaodong Peninsula. The foreign trade connection of coast open ports: Dandong, Jinzhou,Yingkou and Dalian is expounded. And the paper also analyses the transport connection of ports of northeast region with their hinterlands.
基金financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(2015BAD09B01)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of the People’s Republic of China(2572014BA09)
文摘The most common scientific approach to numerical landscape-level forest management planning is combinatorial optimization aimed at finding the optimal combination of the treatment alternatives of stands. The selected combination of treatments depends on the conditions of the forest, and the objectives of the forest landowners. A two-step procedure is commonly used to derive the plan. First, treatment alternatives are generated for the stands using an automated simulation tool. Second,the optimal combination of the simulated treatment schedules is found by using mathematical programming or various heuristics. Simulation of treatment schedules requires models for stand dynamics and volume for all important tree species and stand types present in the forest.A forest planning system was described for Northeast China. The necessary models for stand dynamics and tree volume were presented for the main tree species of the region. The developed models were integrated into the simulation tool of the planning system. The simulation and the optimization tools of the planning system were described. The optimization tool was used with heuristic methods, making it possible to easily solve also spatial forest planning problems, for instance aggregate cuttings.Finally, the use of the system is illustrated with a case study, in which nonspatial and spatial management plans are developed for the Mengjiagang Forest District.
