Research on Purification Effect of Jian Lake Zizania latifolia Wetland Lakefront Zone in Northwest of Yunnan Plateau on Nitrogen and Phosphorus of Agricultural Non-point Source

As the main external pollution source of lake,nitrogen and phosphorus from agricultural non-point source make a great contribution to the lake eutrophication pollution.Wetland lakefront zone which plays a key role in externally agricultural non-point source pollution is considered as the biggest barrier for controlling external pollution.In this research,the Jian lake plateau Zizania latifolia wetland lakefront zone was selected for agricultural non-point source pollutions control with the systematic field research,and the lakefront zone was approved to have an effective purification effect on nitrogen and phosphorus from Jinlong River; the theoretical mechanism of lakefront zone removing nutrient was also investigated.Z.latifolia wetland lakefront zone could remove nitrogen and phosphorus from Jinlong River and the removal ratio can reach 55.8-62.52% and 59.47-69.81% respectively.So,we can indicate that the Jian Lake plateau Z.latifolia wetland lakefront zone had a good effect on controlling agricultural non-point source pollution and protecting the environment.

Analysis of the Ore-Controlling Structure of Ductile Shear Zone Type Gold Deposit in Southern Beishan Area, Gansu, Northwest China

The ductile shear zone-type gold deposit is a kind that both the ore-forming mechanism and ore-controlling factors are closely related to the ductile shear zone and its evolution. Ductile shear zone develops in Beishan area, Gansu of Northwest China, and develops especially well in the south belt. The controls of the ductile shear zone on gold deposits are as follows. （1） The regional distribution of gold deposits （and gold spots） is controlled by the ductile shear zone. （2） The ductile-brittle shear zone is formed in the evolution process of ductile shear zone and both are only ore-bearing structures and control the shape, attitude, scale, and distribution of mineralization zones and ore-bodies. （3） Compresso-shear ductile deformation results in that the main kind of gold mineralization is altered mylonite type and the main alteralization is metasomatic. （4） Ore-bearing fracture systems are mainly P-type ones, some D-type and R-type ones, but only individual R＇-type and T-type ones. （5） Dynamic differen- tiation and dynamic metamorphic hydrothermal solution resulting from ductile deformation is one of the sources of ore-forming fluid of gold mineralization, and this is identical with that ore-forming materials are mainly from metamorphic rocks, and ore-forming fluid is mainly composed of metamorphic water, and with the fluid inclusion and geo-chemical characteristics of the deposit. （6） There is a negative correlation between the gold abundance and susceptibility anlsotropy （P） of the altered mylonlte samples from the deposit, which shows that the gold mineralization is slightly later than the structural deformation. All above further expound the ore-forming model of the ductile shear zone type of gold deposits.

Comparative study of surface energy and land-surface parameters in different climate zones in Northwest China

Based on observational data of arid,semi-arid and semi-humid areas in Northwest China,the characteristics of surface-wa ter heat transfer and land-surface parameters were compared and analyzed.The results show that the annual mean net radi ation was largest in the semi-humid area,followed by the semi-arid area,and then the arid area:77.72 W/m^2,67.73 W/m^2,and 55.47 W/m^2,respectively.The annual mean sensible heat flux was largest in the arid area,followed by the semi-arid and semi-humid areas,while latent heat flux showed the reverse.The annual mean sensible heat flux in arid,semi-arid,and semi-humid areas was 85.7 W/m^2,37.59 W/m^2,and 27.55 W/m^2,respectively.The annual mean latent heat flux was 0 W/m^2,26.08 W/m^2,and 51.19 W/m2,respectively.The annual mean soil-heat flux at the 5-cm soil layer in arid,semi-arid,and semi-humid areas was 1.00 W/m^2,0.82 W/m^2,and 1.25 W/m^2,respectively.The annual mean surface albedo was larg est in the arid area,followed by the semi-humid area;and the smallest was in the semi-arid area:0.24,0.21,and 0.18,re spectively.The annual mean Bowen ratio in the semi-arid area was about 2.06,and that in semi-humid area was about 0.03.The annual mean soil thermal conductivity in the arid,semi-arid,and semi-humid areas was 0.26 W/(m k),1.15 W/(m k),and 1.20 W/(m k),respectively.

Study on ground source heat pump system zoning and methods in the Northwest of Shandong Province

Based on the basic geology, hydrogeology, engineering geology, geothermal geology and ground source heat pump(GSHP) engineering of the work space, the thesis studies the local shallow geothermal energy. Three conditions of the attribute index for the suitability zoning of the northwest of Shandong are determined, namely, hydrodynamic condition, geological and hydrogeological condition and geological environment condition. The assessment result is that the total area of the suitable zone is 205.88 km^2, that of relative suitable zone, 1 407.76 km^2, and that of unsuitable zone, 286.8 km^2. The result conforms to the real development situation and provides experience for similar regions needed for selecting and assigning a value to suitability zoning of GSHP.

Geochemical and Mineral Characteristics of Jurassic Volcanic Rocks from ODP Sites 304, 1149, and 801:Implications for Magmatic Evolution in the Northwest Pacific

The regular variations in magmatic activities along the Northwest Pacific plate have been little studied in spite of their importance. In this contribution, systematic analyses were conducted on tholeiitic basalts from three Ocean Drilling Program sites(Sites 304, 1149, and 801), including the petrographic features, major and trace elements, Nd isotopic compositions, and mineral structure and compositions of whole rocks. Volcanic rocks from Sites 304, 1149, and 801 belong to tholeiites and exhibit depleted light rare earth elements(LREE), large ion lithophile elemental contents(LILE), and relatively depleted Nd isotopic ratios(143Nd/144Nd=0.513139-0.513211), similar to those of normal mid-ocean ridge basalts(NMORB). Comprehensive data on mineral compositions, whole-rock geochemistry, and geochronology demonstrate that a regular variation trend exists in the north-south direction along the Northwest Pacific plate. The 143 Nd/144 Nd values(0.513139-0.513211) and trace-element ratios for whole rocks(Sm/Th=15.35-30.00; Zr/Hf=28.53-35.76; Zr/Y=2.58-3.67; Th/La=0.04-0.06; Th/Y=0.33-0.70), as well as the trace-element ratios(Zr/Hf, La/Yb, Ti/Zr) of clinopyroxenes from Sites 1149 and 801 tholeiites show larger variations compared to those from Site 304 tholeiites(143Nd/144Nd=0.513185-0.513195; Sm/Th=18.19-20.58; Zr/Hf=31.07-33.26; Zr/Y=2.62-3.03; Th/La=0.05-0.06; Th/Y=0.48-0.57). Mineral zoning textures were obvious in tholeiites from Sites 1149 and 801 but were rarely observed in Site 304.These regular features were likely attributed to the differences in the heterogeneity of the magma source,the process of magmatic evolution, the plate-spreading rate, and the effective and ineffective mixing.

塔里木盆地西北缘沙井子断裂带的构造特征与形成演化

塔里木盆地西北缘的沙井子断裂带,位于塔北隆起的温宿凸起和北部坳陷的阿瓦提凹陷之间。它是塔里木盆地的一条一级断裂带,由沙井子断裂、英雄断裂、温宿断裂和沙南断裂组成。其中沙井子断裂是主干断裂,其它3条是其分支断裂。本轮研究新发现温宿分支断裂,并将沙南断裂解释为英雄断裂前缘的反冲断层,归属沙井子断裂带。沙井子断裂带的雏形形成于奥陶纪末—志留纪初,在泥盆纪末—石炭纪、二叠纪末—三叠纪初、侏罗纪末—白垩纪初、白垩纪末—古近纪初和新近纪—第四纪发生过多期冲断作用和新近纪末—第四纪初的张扭性构造变形后,才最终定型。沙井子断裂带是一条断控油气富集区带,温宿油田、托探1油藏、沙南1油藏、新苏地1油气藏等都受其控制。

西北高等教育全面振兴的“特区模式”研究

振兴西北高等教育是贯彻落实党的二十大报告关于教育、科技、人才三位一体建设的重要内容。文章以“粤港澳大湾区”高等教育集群式发展为借鉴,提出建立西北高等教育“特区模式”的必要性和可行性,对其面临的区域性国家政策支持和地方政府投入有限、区域内学科建设与产业发展耦合度不高、外部环境对西部高校人才建设的冲击等不利因素进行了回应与分析,提出优化顶层政策设计和加大高等教育投入,增强产业升级贡献度和构建人才共享机制等对策,以期为振兴西北高等教育,促进区域经济社会高质量发展,推动西北地区共同富裕提供“靶向治疗”的重要依据。

滇西北普朗斑岩型矿床钾硅酸盐带的形成及与矿化关系研究

云南普朗超大型斑岩铜金矿床位于我国西南三江特提斯构造域义敦岛弧南部的中甸岛弧内。为了探讨该矿床钾硅酸盐带矿物特征、形成机制及与矿体的关系,为下一步深部和外围找矿勘查工作提供依据,本研究开展了二长斑岩X射线衍射光谱(XRD)和长石类矿物主量成分测试。结果显示赋矿二长斑岩中钾长石平均含量为26.2%,斜长石为26.7%,石英和黑云母分别为~16.1%和~14.4%。在系统野外调查和室内观察的基础上,根据其形成机制,本研究将该矿床含矿二长斑岩中的长石划分为三类,即岩浆期结晶的原生长石(原生斜长石Pl1和原生钾长石Kfs1)、次生长石(热液蚀变成因,Pl2和Kfs2)和热液结晶长石(Pl3和Kfs3)。Pl1具有高铝(Al_(2)O_(3)=22.61%~27.27%)和钙(CaO=3.68%~9.29%),低硅(SiO_(2)=56.09%~63.89%)和钠(Na_(2)O=6.31%~9.27%)的特征;Pl3具有高硅(SiO_(2)=67.07%~68.97%)和钠(Na_(2)O=11.02%~11.99%)的特征;Pl2中SiO_(2)、Al_(2)O_(3)、CaO和Na_(2)O含量变化较大,主要分布于Pl1和Pl3之间,呈现出二者混合的特点。Kfs1~Kfs3元素含量变化较小,SiO_(2)、K_(2)O、Na_(2)O和Al_(2)O_(3)分别为62.75%~64.69%、15.42%~16.89%、0.20%~1.03%和17.93%~19.19%。与原生钾长石相比,次生钾长石中钾含量没有增加反而减少,说明流体中钾可能相对较为亏损,这可能是普朗矿床钾硅酸盐化带中次生钾长石发育较弱的主要原因。青磐岩化的叠加改造,特别是黄铜矿±绿帘石±绿泥石脉发育显著提高了该矿床的铜品位,增加了铜储量。

南海西北陆坡次表层异常反气旋涡声传播特征研究

基于2018年4月温盐流断面观测、卫星遥感和模式再分析数据,本文分析了南海西北部陆坡海区一个异常反气旋涡的声场特性与声传播效应。结果表明,该反气旋具有透镜式温盐结构、表层冷核和更浅的混合层深度,流速次表层强化。不同于正常反气旋涡声速等值线的下凹,异常反气旋涡声速分布呈现上凸下凹的透镜式结构。涡心表层声速小于涡外,呈现负异常(<-2 m/s),次表层则为正异常(>11 m/s),这使得原有海区声速双跃层厚度上下延伸共47 m。当声源位于涡外陆架向外海传播时,与正常反气旋涡旋相反,异常反气旋涡破坏表面声道,减小声传播距离;声源在涡外深海向陆架传播时,异常反气旋涡则与正常反气旋涡类似,声能汇聚区的位置相比无涡旋时后移和下移,最大距离分别超过24 km和0.3 km。声源位于涡旋内部向外海传播时,异常反气旋涡使得声线反转深度加深,声能汇聚区间距加大1倍,正常反气旋涡中则未见这一现象。

西北太平洋中尺度涡合成结构及其对声传播的影响

中尺度涡普遍存在于大洋中并会对声传播产生影响。利用2000—2018年AVISO卫星高度计资料和Argo浮标资料,通过涡旋合成方法构建了西北太平洋黑潮延伸体和亲潮延伸体海域中尺度涡的多年平均三维结构,对其垂直温、盐异常和声速特征进行分析,并采用Bellhop射线声学模型对中尺度涡背景下的声传播进行了模拟仿真。结果表明:1)冷涡背景下,温度异常为负,盐度异常在上层为负,在下层为正,声速等值线抬升;暖涡背景下,温度异常为正,盐度异常在上层为正,在下层为负,声速等值线下沉。2)冷涡背景下,声传播会聚区向声源方向偏移,会聚区宽度缩小;暖涡背景下,会聚区远离声源,会聚区宽度增大。声会聚区宽度在黑潮延伸体海域较在亲潮延伸体海域更大,距离声源也更远。3)冷涡背景下,声传播的反转深度变浅,暖涡背景下,反转深度加深;在黑潮延伸体海域,反转深度总体随经度增大而变浅,在亲潮延伸体海域则相反,反转深度随经度增大而变深。

我国西北干旱区绿洲城市热岛效应研究进展

了解中国西北干旱区绿洲城市热岛效应研究进展有利于绿洲城市的可持续发展,同时为后期学者的研究方向提供参考。从中国知网学术期刊(网络版)数据库和Web of Science核心库检索并筛选了1990—2022年发表的相关论文共67篇,利用Origin 2021软件对年度发文量、机构、主要研究内容进行统计和分析,采用CiteSpace 5.8对作者和关键词进行共现聚类。结果表明:干旱区城市热岛效应的论文数量整体偏少,近年呈缓慢上升趋势,被引频次总体不高;研究尺度以城市尺度为主,研究区多集中在乌鲁木齐市。早期多使用地面气象站观测法,近年来以遥感监测法为主,模型预测法与移动样带测量法在干旱区内应用较少;研究热点是城市热岛效应的影响因素和变化过程,城市热岛效应的缓解策略尚未引起重视。未来应该在多个尺度与多个绿洲城市开展研究,并更加关注城市热岛的缓解策略。

山东鲁西北地区馆陶组热储及流体化学特征

鲁西北地热区热储主要为层状热储,地温相对于其它地热区均匀,具有较高的热流值和富水性较强的含水层,是山东省地热资源开发潜力最大的地区。鲁西北地区的主要热储之一为新近系馆陶组孔隙裂隙热储层组。研究发现其上部地层发育细—中粒砂岩及泥岩与细粒砂岩互层夹粉砂岩;下部地层发育中细粒砂岩、中粒砂岩及砂砾岩夹泥岩;新近系馆陶组热储层具有顶底板埋深自南向北由浅变深、厚度由薄变厚,在凸起区埋藏浅、厚度薄,凹陷区埋藏深、厚度大等变化规律;地热水化学特征在水平方向具有以下分布特征:水化学类型由南部、东南部的SO_(4)·Cl-Na型向北、西北逐渐过渡为Cl·SO_(4)-Na型至Cl-Na。

Impacts of Recent Climate Change on Dry-Land Crop Water Consumption in the Northern Agro-Pastoral Transitional Zone of China

Climate change has substantially impacted crop growth and development in the northern agro-pastoral transitional zone. Examination of the response of crop water consumption to climate change may provide a guide for adapting local agricultural production and ecological construction to new realities. The water consumption of three local crops （wheat, naked oats, and potatoes） is examined for Wuchuan County in the northern agro-pastoral transitional zone of China using meteorological data from 1960 to 2007 and soil moisture data from 1983 to 2007. The relationships between climate change and the crop water consumption are discussed. The results show that Wuchuan experienced both a warming trend and a reduction of precipitation between 1960 and 2007. The annual mean surface air temperature increased at a rate of 0.04℃ yr-1 and the annual precipitation decreased at a rate of 0.7 mm yr-1 . Both trends are particularly pronounced between 1983 and 2007, with an increase in annual mean temperature of 0.09℃ yr-1 and a decrease in annual mean precipitation of 2.1 mm yr-1 . Crop water consumption decreased between 1983 and 2007 for wheat （1.65 mm yr-1 ）, naked oats （2.04 mm yr-1 ）, and potatoes （3.85 mm yr-1 ）. Potatoes and naked oats consume more water than wheat. Climate change has significantly impacted crop water consumption. Water consumption and rainfall during the growing season are positively correlated, while water consumption and active accumulated temperature are negatively correlated. Compared to precipitation, accumulated temperature has little impact on crop water consumption. Recent climate change has been detrimental for crop production in Wuchuan County. Adaptation to climate change should include efforts to breed drought-resistant crops and to develop drought-resistant cultivation techniques.

黄河兰州段河岸带沉积物磷的形态分布及释放风险

磷污染作为水系统的重要组成部分,过度积累会引起水体富营养化,而河岸带作为连接陆地与水体的过渡区域,其对于控制磷的流失至关重要。故采用SMT法及Psenner分级提取法研究了黄河兰州段河岸带沉积物中的磷形态及分布特征,再结合平衡浓度评价法、单因子及生物有效磷污染指数评价法对磷释放风险进行了研究。结果表明:研究区沉积物总磷平均含量处于较高水平(1240.07 mg·kg^(-1)),其中磷形态以无机磷为主,而无机磷则以钙磷主要赋存形态。研究区沉积物磷平衡浓度均高于上覆水溶解性活性磷浓度,这表明沉积物是作为上覆水的“磷源”存在的;而根据磷的单因子污染指数及生物有效磷污染指数评价结果可知,尽管该地区总磷污染以重度污染为主,但区域内生物有效磷污染评价结果显示,黄河兰州段的磷生态污染状况相对较好。

西北干旱区农业生产适宜性评价与布局优化研究——以武威市为例

农业生产适宜性评价是新时期国土空间规划中农业空间优化调整的前提,是科学划定农业空间和永久基本农田的必要依据,对保障国家粮食安全和生态安全具有重要意义。本文以武威市作为西北干旱典型区,运用GIS软件,分别对农业生产的必要要素——土地资源、水资源和气候条件进行了评价分析,并进行模型集成,形成评价结果。在对农业生产适宜性评价结果分析的基础上,提出武威市农业生产布局优化思路及具体措施,探讨农业生产适宜性对于国土空间规划的支撑作用。

围绕“川西北生态示范区”建设的本科院校园艺专业科研育人模式初探——以四川民族学院为例

科技是强国根本,而高校是科技创新最为活跃的场所之一,肩负着为国家培养科研创新人才的责任。当下高校科研育人已经成为了全方位育人不可或缺的一种重要手段。因此,本文以围绕“川西北生态示范区”建设为主题,从目前园艺专业育人模式存在的问题,在科研育人方面已开展的举措和取得成效方面进行了探讨。以期探索本科院校园艺专业科研育人模式,提升学生实践动手能力和科学研究能力,从而提高教学质量,为甘孜地区培养能服务川西北生态示范区建设的高水平应用型科研人才。

西北地区生态环境现状和演化规律研究

利用 2 0世纪 70年代和 90年代两个时段西北内陆地区的土地利用资料和遥感信息 ,对西北内陆地区的生态环境景观的 2 0年的变化趋势进行了评价。通过评价 ,定量分析了西北内陆地区生态环境的总体变化趋势 ,研究了人工绿洲和天然绿洲的平衡比例关系以及与生态环境总体稳定的内在关系。这项研究对研究和确定生态环境保护合理阈值 ,维持绿洲稳定 ,保障当地社会经济的长远发展具有重要意义。

西北地区沙丘凝结水形成机制及对生态环境影响初步探讨

西北地区沙漠及荒漠化地区,包气带的水分来源除来自大气降水外,还来自凝结水,凝结水对包气带中水分的保存、运移及荒漠植被生态起到至关重要的作用。作者在甘肃省河西走廊高台县西的流动沙漠边缘的半固定沙丘上,采用TSCⅡ智能化土壤水分快速测试仪,SN2202数字温度计、CENTER1300相对湿度仪进行了凝结水观测试验。对沙丘表层0～30cm范围内的气温、地表温度、地温和含水量进行连续观测,每2h观测一次,试验历时5d。试验结果表明,在西北沙漠、荒漠化地区有凝结水存在,它的形成不仅对包气带中水分的保存及分布起着重要的作用,并且对维系荒漠化地区的植被生态系统的稳定至关重要。并对凝结水形成机制进行了初步探索;初步确定,日气候变化造成的地表温度与地温温差是凝结水形成的主控因素,包气带中的含水量分布则控制着凝结水的多寡,凝结水主要出现在干沙层与湿润砂层界面上。

西北干旱区感热异常对中国夏季降水影响的模拟

利用最新版的RegCM3模式通过增加西北干旱区地面向大气的感热输送,模拟了西北干旱区春、夏季感热异常对中国夏季降水的影响。结果表明:西北地区地面向大气的感热输送增加后,西北干旱区低层空气温度升高,空气密度减小使得空气有上升运动距平,减弱了空气的下沉运动,从而在新疆地区降水增加。西北地区下沉气流减弱使得高空气压更强,形成反气旋气流距平,导致高原地区上升气流减弱,在青藏高原降水减少。高原地区上升气流减弱导致在长江中下游和东北北部分别有负的气压距平中心,使得这里有气旋式距平环流,降水增加;而在华南、西南、华北南部和东北南部降水减少。

滇西北程海断裂带主要古地震滑坡及其分布特征的构造解释

位于红河断裂带西北端,滇西北断陷带东侧的程海断裂带第四纪活动显著,沿断裂盆山地貌与高山峡谷地貌发育,地质灾害频发。综合利用目视解译与野外调查,对程海断裂带沿线滑坡调查发现,沿程海断裂带共发育各类滑坡940余个,含巨型滑坡61个、大型滑坡125个、中型滑坡316个、小型滑坡438个。这其中有32个巨型滑坡、61个大型滑坡分布在程海断裂带下盘,距断裂约5 km范围内的断层崖和断层三角面上。它们往往具有规模大、滑动距离远、有高速远程碎屑流为主要特征的动力学特性,属于程海断裂带上地震活动触发的古地震滑坡。对区内主要古地震滑坡的调查发现,大型特别是巨型古地震滑坡,主要集中分布在金官和程海盆地东侧,期纳盆地南部金沙江与程海断裂带交汇处,以及弥渡盆地西部。并且在垂向活动速率最大的程海断裂带北端最为发育,明显受程海断裂带不同段落活动的控制。结合程海断裂带晚新生代活动及青藏高原东南缘地壳变形特征的分析显示,程海断裂带端部更为强烈的活动性、更为频发的地震以及更多的古地震滑坡,是在川滇内弧带顺时针旋转及南汀河断裂、畹町断裂与理塘断裂的走滑拉分共同作用下,滇西北地区发生顺时针旋转变形作用的结果。