Objective:To investigate different Musa sp.leave extracts of hexane,ethyl acetate and methanol were evaluated for antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant pathogens causing nosocomial infection by agar well...Objective:To investigate different Musa sp.leave extracts of hexane,ethyl acetate and methanol were evaluated for antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant pathogens causing nosocomial infection by agar well diffusion method and also antioxidant activities.Methods:The four different Musa species leaves were extracted with hexane,ethyl acetate and methanol.Antibacterial susceptibility test,minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum inhibitory bacterial concentration were determined by agar well diffusion method.Total phenolic content and in vitro antioxidant activity was determined.Results:All the Musa sp.extracts showed moderate antibacterial activities expect Musa paradisiaca with the inhibition zone ranging from 8.0 to 18.6 mm.Among four species ethyl acetate extracts of Musa paradisiaca showed highest activity against tested pathogens particularly E.coli,P.aeruginosa and Citrobacter sp.The minimum inhibitory concentrations were within the value of 15.63-250μg/ml.and minimum bactericidal concentrations were ranging from 31.25-250μg/mL.Antioxidant activity of Musa acuminate exhibited maximum activity among other three Musa species.Conclusions:The present study concluded that among the different Musa species,Musa paradisiaca displayed efficient antibacterial activity followed by Musa acuminata against multidrug resistant nosocomial infection causing pathogens.Further,an extensive study is needed to identify the bioactive compounds,mode of action and toxic effect in.vivo of Musa sp.展开更多
To systematically review literature upon aetiology of nosocomial spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (N-SBP) given the rising importance of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. METHODSA literature search was performed on...To systematically review literature upon aetiology of nosocomial spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (N-SBP) given the rising importance of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. METHODSA literature search was performed on MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases from 2000 to 15<sup>th</sup> of November 2016, using the following search strategy: “spontaneous” AND “peritonitis”. RESULTSThe initial search through electronic databases retrieved 2556 records. After removing duplicates, 1958 records remained. One thousand seven hundred and thirty-five of them were excluded on the basis of the screening of titles and abstract, and the ensuing number of remaining articles was 223. Of these records, after careful evaluation, only 9 were included in the qualitative analysis. The overall proportion of MDR bacteria turned out to be from 22% to 73% of cases across the studies. CONCLUSIONN-SBP is caused, in a remarkable proportion, by MDR pathogens. This should prompt a careful re-assessment of guidelines addressing the treatment of this clinical entity.展开更多
Bacterial infections are highly prevalent and a frequent cause of hospitalization and short-term mortality in patients with cirrhosis. Due to their negative impact on survival, antibiotic prophylaxis for bacterial inf...Bacterial infections are highly prevalent and a frequent cause of hospitalization and short-term mortality in patients with cirrhosis. Due to their negative impact on survival, antibiotic prophylaxis for bacterial infections in high-risk subgroups of patients with cirrhosis has been the standard of care for decades. Patients with prophylaxis indications include those at risk for a first episode of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis(SBP) due to a low ascitic fluid protein count and impaired liver and kidney function, patients with a prior episode of SBP and those with an episode of gastrointestinal bleeding. Only prophylaxis due to gastrointestinal bleeding has a known and short-time duration. All other indications imply longlasting exposure to antibiotics-once the threshold requirement for initiating prophylaxis is met-without standardized criteria for re-assessing antibiotic interruption. Despite the fact that the benefit of antibiotic prophylaxis in reducing bacterial infections episodes and mortality has been thoroughly reported, the extended use of antibiotics in patients with cirrhosis has also had negative consequences, including the emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria.Currently, it is not clear whether restricting the use of broad and fixed antibiotic regimens, tailoring the choice of antibiotics to local bacterial epidemiology or selecting non-antibiotic strategies will be the preferred antibiotic prophylaxis strategy for patients with cirrhosis in the future.展开更多
AIM To determine risk factors, causative organisms and antimicrobial resistance of bacterial infections following living-donor liver transplantation(LDLT) in cirrhotic patients.METHODS This prospective study included ...AIM To determine risk factors, causative organisms and antimicrobial resistance of bacterial infections following living-donor liver transplantation(LDLT) in cirrhotic patients.METHODS This prospective study included 45 patients with hepatitis C virus-related end-stage liver disease who underwent LDLT at Ain Shams Center for Organ Transplant, Cairo, Egypt from January 2014 to November 2015. Patients were followed-up for the first 3 mo after LDLT for detection of bacterial infections. All patients were examined for the possible risk factors suggestive of acquiring infection pre-, intra-and post-operatively. Positive cultures based on clinical suspicion and patterns of antimicrobial resistance were identified. RESULTS Thirty-three patients(73.3%) suffered from bacterial infections; 21 of them had a single infection episode, and 12 had repeated infection episodes. Bile was the most common site for both single and repeated episodes of infection(28.6% and 27.8%, respectively). The most common isolated organisms were gramnegative bacteria. Acinetobacter baumannii was the most common organism isolated from both single and repeated infection episodes(19% and 33.3%, respectively), followed by Escherichia coli for repeated infections(11.1%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa for single infections(19%). Levofloxacin showed high sensitivity against repeated infection episodes(P = 0.03). Klebsiella, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas were multi-drug resistant(MDR). Pre-transplant hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and duration of drain insertion(in days) were independent risk factors for the occurrence of repeated infection episodes(P = 0.024).CONCLUSION MDR gram-negative bacterial infections are common post-LDLT. Pre-transplant HCC and duration of drain insertion were independent risk factors for the occurrence of repeated infection episodes.展开更多
基金Supported by K.S.Rangasamy College of Arts and Science,Tiruchengode,Tamil Nadu,India with project No.(KSBCAS/PG/RD/MB/2011-12/08)
文摘Objective:To investigate different Musa sp.leave extracts of hexane,ethyl acetate and methanol were evaluated for antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant pathogens causing nosocomial infection by agar well diffusion method and also antioxidant activities.Methods:The four different Musa species leaves were extracted with hexane,ethyl acetate and methanol.Antibacterial susceptibility test,minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum inhibitory bacterial concentration were determined by agar well diffusion method.Total phenolic content and in vitro antioxidant activity was determined.Results:All the Musa sp.extracts showed moderate antibacterial activities expect Musa paradisiaca with the inhibition zone ranging from 8.0 to 18.6 mm.Among four species ethyl acetate extracts of Musa paradisiaca showed highest activity against tested pathogens particularly E.coli,P.aeruginosa and Citrobacter sp.The minimum inhibitory concentrations were within the value of 15.63-250μg/ml.and minimum bactericidal concentrations were ranging from 31.25-250μg/mL.Antioxidant activity of Musa acuminate exhibited maximum activity among other three Musa species.Conclusions:The present study concluded that among the different Musa species,Musa paradisiaca displayed efficient antibacterial activity followed by Musa acuminata against multidrug resistant nosocomial infection causing pathogens.Further,an extensive study is needed to identify the bioactive compounds,mode of action and toxic effect in.vivo of Musa sp.
文摘To systematically review literature upon aetiology of nosocomial spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (N-SBP) given the rising importance of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. METHODSA literature search was performed on MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases from 2000 to 15<sup>th</sup> of November 2016, using the following search strategy: “spontaneous” AND “peritonitis”. RESULTSThe initial search through electronic databases retrieved 2556 records. After removing duplicates, 1958 records remained. One thousand seven hundred and thirty-five of them were excluded on the basis of the screening of titles and abstract, and the ensuing number of remaining articles was 223. Of these records, after careful evaluation, only 9 were included in the qualitative analysis. The overall proportion of MDR bacteria turned out to be from 22% to 73% of cases across the studies. CONCLUSIONN-SBP is caused, in a remarkable proportion, by MDR pathogens. This should prompt a careful re-assessment of guidelines addressing the treatment of this clinical entity.
文摘Bacterial infections are highly prevalent and a frequent cause of hospitalization and short-term mortality in patients with cirrhosis. Due to their negative impact on survival, antibiotic prophylaxis for bacterial infections in high-risk subgroups of patients with cirrhosis has been the standard of care for decades. Patients with prophylaxis indications include those at risk for a first episode of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis(SBP) due to a low ascitic fluid protein count and impaired liver and kidney function, patients with a prior episode of SBP and those with an episode of gastrointestinal bleeding. Only prophylaxis due to gastrointestinal bleeding has a known and short-time duration. All other indications imply longlasting exposure to antibiotics-once the threshold requirement for initiating prophylaxis is met-without standardized criteria for re-assessing antibiotic interruption. Despite the fact that the benefit of antibiotic prophylaxis in reducing bacterial infections episodes and mortality has been thoroughly reported, the extended use of antibiotics in patients with cirrhosis has also had negative consequences, including the emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria.Currently, it is not clear whether restricting the use of broad and fixed antibiotic regimens, tailoring the choice of antibiotics to local bacterial epidemiology or selecting non-antibiotic strategies will be the preferred antibiotic prophylaxis strategy for patients with cirrhosis in the future.
文摘AIM To determine risk factors, causative organisms and antimicrobial resistance of bacterial infections following living-donor liver transplantation(LDLT) in cirrhotic patients.METHODS This prospective study included 45 patients with hepatitis C virus-related end-stage liver disease who underwent LDLT at Ain Shams Center for Organ Transplant, Cairo, Egypt from January 2014 to November 2015. Patients were followed-up for the first 3 mo after LDLT for detection of bacterial infections. All patients were examined for the possible risk factors suggestive of acquiring infection pre-, intra-and post-operatively. Positive cultures based on clinical suspicion and patterns of antimicrobial resistance were identified. RESULTS Thirty-three patients(73.3%) suffered from bacterial infections; 21 of them had a single infection episode, and 12 had repeated infection episodes. Bile was the most common site for both single and repeated episodes of infection(28.6% and 27.8%, respectively). The most common isolated organisms were gramnegative bacteria. Acinetobacter baumannii was the most common organism isolated from both single and repeated infection episodes(19% and 33.3%, respectively), followed by Escherichia coli for repeated infections(11.1%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa for single infections(19%). Levofloxacin showed high sensitivity against repeated infection episodes(P = 0.03). Klebsiella, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas were multi-drug resistant(MDR). Pre-transplant hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and duration of drain insertion(in days) were independent risk factors for the occurrence of repeated infection episodes(P = 0.024).CONCLUSION MDR gram-negative bacterial infections are common post-LDLT. Pre-transplant HCC and duration of drain insertion were independent risk factors for the occurrence of repeated infection episodes.
