Effects of Doubled_CO_2 Concentration on Ultrastructure, Supramolecular Architecture and Spectral Characteristics of Chloroplasts from Wheat

Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) plants were grown under ambient and doubled_CO 2(plus 350 μL/L) concentration in cylindrical open_top chamber to examine their effects on the ultrastructure, supramolecular architecture, absorption spectrum and low temperature (77 K) fluorescence emission spectrum of the chloroplasts from wheat leaves. The results were briefly summarized as follows: (1) The wheat leaves possessed normally developed chloroplasts with intact grana and stroma thylakoid membranes; The grana intertwined with stroma thylakoid membranes and increased slightly in stacking degree and the width of granum, in spite of more accumulated starch grains within the chloroplasts than those in control; (2) The particle density in the stacked region of the endoplasmic fracture face (EFs) and protoplasmic fracture face (PFs) and in the unstacked region the endoplasmic fracture face (EFu) and the protoplasmic fracture face (PFu) was significantly higher than that of control. Furthermore, in some cases many more particles on EFs faces of thylakoid membranes appeared as a paracrystalline particle array; (3) The variations in the structure of chloroplasts were consistent with the absorption spectra and the low temperature (77 K) fluorescence emission spectra of the chloroplasts developed under the doubled_CO 2 concentration. Results indicate that the capability of light energy absorption of chloroplasts and regulative capability of excitation energy distribution between PSⅡ and PSⅠ were raised by doubled_CO 2 concentration. This is very favorable for final productivity of wheat.

基于HFSS的NFC天线研究与设计

针对NFC(near field communication)天线的交互效率不高,导致传输信号不稳定的问题,可以分析天线的参数与电路的结构,使天线性能达到最优。利用Ansoft HFSS(high frequency structure simulator)进行环形天线的建模与分析,讨论了天线的结构参数对天线性能的影响,分析了RLC电路对天线电感的影响,设计了串联匹配电路。对天线的带宽进行了优化,并对设计的耦合天线传输距离进行仿真,确定最佳耦合距离,提高天线的品质因数。结果表明:天线的回波损耗降低至-27.25 dB,最佳耦合距离为20 mm。

MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS OF DRUG RELEASE FROM A MONOLITHIC MATRIX WITH AN INITIALLY LINEAR CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTION

Based on the principle of chemical engineering in the multisubject field—drug delivery, the release kinetics of the slab monolithic matrix with an initially linear concentration distribution is studied in this paper. It can be used to describe the later stage when drug loading is above its solubility limit. A comprehensive model is proposed and the generalized solutions are acquired by Laplace transformation, from which a special case, i.e. a perfect sink has been deduced. According to the derived equations, the concentration profiles in the matrix has been computed and illustrated and the effect of volume of extraction medium on release has been investigated.

基于NFC的乡村智慧医疗系统设计

随着乡村振兴战略的实施,数字乡村建设如火如荼地进行着,乡村医疗系统的数字化改革是大势所趋。传统的乡村医疗系统存在“看病难、看病烦”的缺点,迫切需要一种全新的,更加智慧、便捷的智慧医疗系统。文章充分利用近场通信(Near Field Communication,NFC)技术的特点,将其应用于智慧医疗系统,提出了一种全新的智慧医疗系统架构,智能终端代替传统的病历,自主支付。该系统能够为大众提供快捷的医疗信息分享与查询、准确的诊断治疗以及全天候的信息服务。经过验证,该系统是可行的。

NFC技术下的非遗漆艺数字化创新设计研究

采用数字化建模和NFC近场通信技术,结合创新的数字化交互方式,将非遗漆艺与江西本土文化和海昏侯文化相结合,创新出新型的互动式礼物产品。探究改善现有文创产品形式、更好地满足消费者心理等需求,成功将传统大漆文化与文物保护意识融入新时代的产品设计中。

基于中国剩余定理的NFC安全认证算法

针对近场通信技术在应用中出现的安全隐患问题,给出一种基于中国剩余定理的算法。算法利用中国剩余定理实现对传送信息进行加密,中国剩余定理基于数学中大素数分解难题,使得攻击者无法进行破解;所有信息加密过程中混入随机数,用于保证消息的新鲜性;算法在进行信息更新时采用伪随机函数计算,因伪随机函数具备的单向性,使得攻击者无法分析出有用隐私信息。将不同算法对比安全分析,表明该算法能够抵抗重放攻击、异步攻击等多种攻击。通过性能角度及仿真实验对多个算法进行分析,结果表明该算法计算时间复杂度低于其他算法。

Organochlorine compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediment from Baiyangdian Lake,North China:Concentrations,sources profiles and potential risk

Organochlorine pesticides （OCPs）, polychlorinated biphenyls （PCBs）, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） were determined in nineteen surface sediment samples collected from Baiyangdian Lake and its inflowing river （Fuhe River） in North China. Total concentrations of OCPs, PCBs and PAHs in sediments ranged from 5.4 to 707.6 ng]g, 2.3 to 197.8 ng/g, and 101.3 to 6360.5 ng]g, respectively. The levels of contaminants in Fuhe River were significantly higher than those in Baiyandian Lake. For hexachlorocyclohexane （HCHs） and dichlorodiphenytrich/oroethanes （DDTs）, α-HCH and p,p＇-DDT were predominant isomers; while for PCBs, PCB 28/31, PCB 40/103, PCB 60, PCB 101, and PCB 118 were predominant congeners. Possible sources derived from historical usage for OCPs and incomplete combustion fuel, wood, and coal and exhaustion of boats or cars for PAHs. Risk assessment of sediment indicated that sediments in Fuhe River were likely to pose potential biological adverse impact.

CH_4 Concentrations and Emissions from Three Rivers in the Chaohu Lake Watershed in Southeast China

This study was conducted at three rivers of the Chaohu Lake watershed during the summer season of 2008,aiming to investigate the diurnal variations of dissolved CH4 concentrations and emissions,as well as the dynamics of CH4 accumulation emission rates over consecutive 72 h.The results showed that CH4 concentrations in the Fengle,Hangbu,and Nanfei rivers ranged from 56.33-124.79,160.82-341.03,and 213.49-716.81 nmol L-1,respectively,over a daily cycle;while the saturation of CH4 ranged from 188.72-418.07,538.74-1 142.46,and 715.23-2 401.38%,respectively,which indicated that surface waters were in all cases oversaturated with respect to the atmosphere.An obvious diurnal variation pattern of the dissolved CH4 concentrations demonstrated a higher value during daytime but a lower value for night time.Additionally,the highest dissolved CH4 concentrations were detected in the Nanfei River which received substantial urban wastewater discharges.CH4 emissions measured with floating chambers ranged from 5.82-15.46,5.77-8.41,and 13.51-49.25 mg C m-2 h-1 for the Fengle,Hangbu,and Nanfei rivers,respectively,over a daily cycle.Significantly higher CH4 emissions were also observed from the Nanfei River.The accumulative CH4 emissions for each river increased with time,while a decline trend on the accumulation rates was investigated over the consecutive 72 h.

5-ASA colonic mucosal concentrations resulting from different pharmaceutical formulations in ulcerative colitis

AIM:To compare the mucosal concentrations of 5-aminosalicylic acid(5-ASA)resulting from different pharmaceutical formulations and analyse the influence of inflammation on the mucosal concentrations.METHODS:The study included 130 inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)patients receiving 5-ASA as pH-dependent-release formulations(73 patients),time-dependent-release formulations(11 patients),or pro-drugs(18patients).In addition,28 patients were receiving topical treatment(2-4 g/d)with pH-dependent-release formulations.Endoscopic biopsies were obtained from the sigmoid region during the colonoscopy.The 5-ASA concentrations(ng/mg)were measured in tissue homogenatesusing high-pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection.The t test and Mann-Whitney test,when appropriate,were used for statistical analysis.RESULTS:Patients receiving pH-dependent-release formulations showed significantly higher mucosal concentrations of 5-ASA(51.75±5.72 ng/mg)compared with patients receiving pro-drugs(33.35±5.78 ng/mg,P=0.01)or time-dependent-release formulations(38.24±5.53 ng/mg,P=0.04).Patients with endoscopic remission had significantly higher mucosal concentrations of5-ASA than patients with active disease(60.14±7.95ng/mg vs 35.66±5.68 ng/mg,P=0.02).Similar results were obtained when we compared patients with the histological appearance of remission and patients with active histological inflammation(67.53±9.22 ng/mg vs 35.53±5.63 ng/mg,P<0.001).Significantly higher mucosal concentrations of 5-ASA were detected in patients treated with both oral and topical treatments in combination compared with patients who received oral treatment with pH-dependent-release formulations alone(72.33±11.23 ng/mg vs 51.75±5.72 ng/mg,P=0.03).CONCLUSION:IBD patients showed significant variability in mucosal 5-ASA concentrations depending on the type of formulation,and the highest mean concentration was achieved using pH-dependent-release formulations.

Variations in Concentration and Distribution of Health-Related Elements Affected by Environmental and Genotypic Differences in Rice Grains

A research work was conducted to investigate the variations in concentration and distribution of health-related elements affected by environmental and genotypic differences in rice grains. The grain of Xieqingzao B （indica rice variety） and Xiushui 110 （japonica rice variety） were divided into： hull, bran and milled rice, based on the conventional rice consumption and process. Xieqingzao B was grown at four different locations, and at one location, it was planted in the same field and season as Xiushui 110. In addition, another four indica and four japonica varieties were cultivated in the same field and time to analyze the elements in milled rice. The average concentrations of total P and phytic acid P were the highest in the bran, followed by milled rice and hull; Zn, K, Mg, and As concentrations were the highest in bran, followed by hull and milled rice, while Fe, Ca, and Cu concentrations were the highest in the hull, but similar in bran and milled rice. The result indicated that genotype and environment significantly affected the concentrations of all the tested elements, while the distribution of the above elements in grains was not in the same order as concentration. Moreover, all the elements except 97,7% of Cu and 93.2% of Fe was deposited in the hull on average, were mostly distributed either in the bran （37.3% and 57.7% for K and phytic acid P） or in milled rice （41.7%, 42.6%, 40.3%, 49.8% for Zn, Mg, As, total P, respectively）.

Endogenous Hormone Concentration in Developing Tuberous Roots of Different Sweet Potato Genotypes

A field trial was conducted to investigate the changes of endogenous hormone concentration （EHC） during formation and thickening of tuberous roots in sweet potato （Ipomoea batatas L.） of different genotypes： Xushu 18, Minamiyutaka, and L trifida-K123. The results of this study suggested that the concentrations of zeatin riboside （ZR）, dihydro-zeatin riboside （DHZR）, abscisic acid （ABA）, indole-3-acetic acid （IAA）, and isopentenyl-adenine （IPA） of Xushu 18 and Minamiyutaka were significantly higher than those of I. trifida-K123. Dry tuberous root yields were positively correlated with the concentration of ABA, ZR, and DHZR at 1 or 5% significant level, but were not obviously correlated with the concentrations of IAA, IPA, and GA4. The concentrations of ABA, ZR and DHZR played very important roles in the tuberous root formation and thickening in sweet potato. The concentrations of ZR, DHZR, ABA, and IAA in the upper or inner portion of tuberous roots were significantly higher than those toward the end of the root or its outer portion. Meanwhile, EHC of large-sized tuberous roots were significantly higher than those of medium- or small-sized tubers during the early thickening period. In the rapid thickening period of tuberous roots, EHC of medium-sized tubers were the highest, However, at the late-thickening period, EHC of small-sized tubers ranked the highest.

Wetting patterns and bacterial distributions in different soils from a surface point source applying effluents with varying Escherichia coli concentrations

Understanding bacterial transportation in unsaturated soil is helpful for reducing and avoiding pathogenic contamination that may be induced by irrigation with reclaimed waste water and for developing better irrigation management practic-es. Experiments were conducted to study the transport of a typical bacterium,Escherichia coli （E. coli）, in a sandy and a sandy loam soil under different application rates and input concentrations. A 30° wedge-shaped plexiglass container was used to represent one twelfth of the complete cylinder in the experiments. The apparent cylindrical application rate varied from 1.05 to 5.76 L h–1 and the input concentration ofE. coli from magnitude of 102 to 107 colony-forming unit （CFU） mL–1. For a given volume of water applied, an increase in application rate resulted in an increase in the wetted radius and a decrease in the wetted depth. In the sandy loam soil, the water spread out in a circular-arc shaped saturated zone on the surface, and the ultimate saturated entry radius increased with the application rate. An increasing application rate of water suspended bacteria alowed a more rapid transport of bacteria, thus acceleratingE. coli transport rate and resulting in a larger distributed volume ofE. coli for both soil types. For the sandy soil, more than 70% of theE. coli that was de-tected within the entire wetted volume concentrated in the range of 10 cm from the point source, and the concentration of E. colidecreased greatly as the distance from the point source increased. More than 98% of theE. coli was detected in a range of 5 cm around the saturated wetted zone for the sandy loam soil. For both soil types tested, an extremely high concentration ofE. coli was observed in the proximity of the point source, and the peak value increased with an increased input concentration. In principle, using an emitter with relative lower application rate would be effective to restrictE. coli transport. To reduce bacterial concentration in the sewage eflfuent during wastewater treatment is important to decrease the risk of soil contamination caused by irrigation with sewage eflfuent.

Sea ice thickness and concentration in Arctic obtaining from remote sensing images

Based on the sea ice digital videos and photos along the investigation route in the Second Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition (CHINARE) during July and September, 2003, collections of sea ice thickness and concentration in the area of latitude range of 74.11°N - 79.56°N and longitude range of 144.17°W - 169.95°W are finished. This paper discusses the methods of obtaining ice/snow thicknesses from ship-side videos and ice concentrations from aerial photos, and illustrates the measures should be taken in analysis and in-situ investigation processes to improve the reliability of the parameters. The methods in this paper are somewhat universal and can be used in the research of Bohai Sea and Polar Regions sea ice.

Calculation Models of Mass Action Concentrations for Metallic Melts Involving Monotectic

Based on the phase diagrams, measured activities as well asDeltaG(m) and DeltaG(xs), calculating models of mass action concentrations for metallic melts involving monotectic have been formulated. The calculated results agree with practice on the whole, showing that the models deduced generally can reflect the structural characteristics of these melts. The metastable compounds formed in the melts are of the types A(2)B(3), AB(2), A(2)B(3) or AB and A(2)B(3)+AB etc..

Consequent entanglement concentration of a less-entangled electronic cluster state with controlled-not gates

We present a highly efficient entanglement concentration protocol （ECP） for a four-electron system in a less-entangled cluster state. In this ECP, we only require one pair of less-entangled electron cluster states and one ancillary electron to complete the task. With the help of the controlled-not （CNOT） gate, the concentrated maximally entangled state can be retained for further application with some success probability. On the other hand, the discarded items can be reused to obtain a high success probability. All the features make this ECP useful in the current quantum information field.

Multipartite entanglement concentration of electron-spin states with CNOT gates

We propose a different entanglement concentration protocol （ECP） for nonlocal N-electron systems in a partially entangled Bell-type pure state using the CNOT gates and the projection measurements on an additional electron. For each nonlocal N-electron system, Alice first entangles it with the additional electron, and then she projects the additional electron onto an orthogonal basis for dividing the N-electron systems into two groups. In the first group, the N parties obtain a subset of N-electron systems in a maximally entangled state directly. In the second group, they obtain some less-entangled N-electron systems, which are the resource for the entanglement concentration in the next round. By iterating the entanglement concentration process several times, the present ECP has the maximal success probability, which is the theoretical limit of an ECP, equal to the entanglement of the partially entangled state, and higher than the others. This ECP may be useful in quantum computers based on electron-spin systems in the future.

Concentration, Distribution, and Occurrence of REEs in Coals from Chongqing,Southwest China

The concentration, distribution, and occurrence of rare earth elements (REEs) in coals as well as stone coalsin different geological periods from Chongqing were studied. The results show that the REE content in coals fromChongqing is much higher than that of the ordinary Chinese coals, the Late Paleozoic coals from North China, UScoals, and the world coals. Although the concentration of light rare earth elements (LREE) is higher than that of heavyrare earth elements (HREE), the ratio of LREE to HREE is as low as 5.11. The REE content decreases with thecoal-formation periods from old to new. The REE content in the Sinian stone coal is the highest, but it is the lowest inEarly Jurassic coals. The similar REE contents in bituminous coals and anthracite show that the metamorphism has alittle influence on REE content in coal. In addition, silicate association dominates the occurrence mode of REEs incoals from Chongqing.

The Distribution and Variability of Simulated Chlorophyll Concentration over the Tropical Indian Ocean from Five CMIP5 Models

Performances of 5 models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) in simulating the chloro-phyll concentration over the tropical Indian Ocean are evaluated. Results show that these models are able to capture the dominant spatial distribution of observed chlorophyll concentration and reproduce the maximum chlorophyll concentration over the western part of the Arabian Sea, around the tip of the Indian subcontinent, and in the southeast tropical Indian Ocean. The seasonal evolution of chlorophyll concentration over these regions is also reproduced with significant amplitude diversity among models. All of 5 mod-els is able to simulate the interannual variability of chlorophyll concentration. The maximum interannual variation occurs at the same regions where the maximum climatological chlorophyll concentration is located. Further analysis also reveals that the Indian Ocean Dipole events have great impact on chlorophyll concentration in the tropical Indian Ocean. In the general successful simulation of chlorophyll concentration, most of the CMIP5 models present higher than normal chlorophyll concentration in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean.

Effect of Sodium Ion Concentration on Hydrogen Production from Sucrose by Anaerobic Hydrogen-producing Granular Sludge

This work evaluated the effects of sodium ion concentration, ranging from 0 to 16000mg·L^-1（Na^＋）, on the conversion of sucrose to hydrogen by a high-activity anaerobic hydrogen-producing granular sludge. At the optimum sodium ion concentration [1000-2000mg·L^-1（Na^＋）] for hydrogen production at 37℃, the maximum sucrose degradation rate, the specific hydrogen production yield and the specific hydrogen production rate were 393.6-413.1mg·L^-1.h^-1, 28.04-28.97ml·g^-1, 7.52-7.83ml·g^-1.h^-1, respectively. The specific production yields of propionate, butyrate and valerate decreased with increasing sodium ion concentration, whereas the specific acetate production yield increased, meanwhile the specific production yields of ethanol and caproate were less than 55.3 and 12.6mg·g^-1, respectively. The hybrid fermentation composition gradually developed from acetate, propionate and butyrate to acetate with the increase in sodium ion concentration.

Combining the critical nitrogen concentration and machine learning algorithms to estimate nitrogen deficiency in rice from UAV hyperspectral data

Rapid and large area acquisition of nitrogen(N)deficiency status is important for achieving the optimal fertilization of rice.Most existing studies,however,focus on the use of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)remote sensing to diagnose N nutrition in rice,while there are fewer studies on the quantitative description of the degree of N deficiency in rice,and the effects of the critical N concentration on the spectral changes in rice have rarely been explored.Therefore,based on the canopy spectral data obtained by remotely-sensed UAV hyperspectral images,the N content in rice was obtained through field sampling.The construction method of the rice curve for the northeastern critical N concentration was studied,and on this basis,N deficiency was determined.Taking the spectrum of the critical N concentration state as the standard spectrum,the spectral reflectivity data were transformed by the ratios and differences,and the feature extraction of the spectral data was carried out by the successive projections algorithm(SPA).Finally,by taking the characteristic band as the input variable and N deficiency as the output variable,a set of multivariate linear regression(MLR),long short-term memory(LSTM)inversion models based on extreme learning machine(ELM),and the nondominated sorting genetic algorithmⅢextreme learning machine(NSGA-Ⅲ-ELM)were constructed.The results showed two key aspects of this system:1)The correlation between the N deficiency data and original spectrum was poor,but the correlation between the N deficiency data and N deficiency could be improved by a difference change and ratio transformation;2)The inversion results based on the ratio spectrum and NSGA-Ⅲ-ELM algorithm were the best,as the R2values of the training set and validation set were 0.852 and 0.810,and the root mean square error(RMSE)values were 0.291 and 0.308,respectively.From the perspective of the spectral data,the inversion accuracy of the ratio spectrum was better than the accuracy of the original spectrum or difference spectrum.At the algorithm level,the model inversion results based on LSTM algorithms showed a serious overfitting phenomenon and poor inversion effect.The inversion accuracy based on the NSGA-Ⅲ-ELM algorithm was better than the accuracy of the MLR algorithm or the ELM algorithm.Therefore,the inversion model based on the ratio spectrum and NSGA-Ⅲ-ELM algorithm could effectively invert the N deficiency in rice and provide critical technical support for accurate topdressing based on the N status in the rice.