Thin Layer Identification of Jiedu Shengxue Granules and Determination of Notoginsenoside R1 Content

[Objectives]To establish the quality standard of hospital preparation Jiedu Shengxue granules.[Methods]Scleromitrion diffusum and Prunella vulgaris in Jiedu Shengxue granules were qualitatively identified by thin layer chromatography(TLC).A high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)was established to determine the content of notoginsenoside R1 in the granule.[Results]The traditional Chinese medicinal materials in Jiedu Shengxue granules could be identified by TLC,and the characteristic spots were stable and clear.Notoginsenoside R1 had a good linear relationship in the range of 10.45-104.5μg/mL,with an average recovery of 98.52%and RSD=2.36%.[Conclusions]TLC and HPLC,as the quality control methods of Jiedu Shengxue granules,have high accuracy and good repeatability,which lays a foundation for the quality control of this mixture.

Effect of notoginsenoside R1 on hepatic microcirculation disturbance induced by gut ischemia and reperfusion

AIM： To assess the effect of notoginsenoside R1 on hepatic microcirculatory disturbance induced by gut ischemia/reperfusion （I/R） in mice. METHODS： The superior mesenteric artery （SMA） of C57/BL mice was ligated for 15 min to induce gut ischemia followed by 30-rain reperfusion. In another set of experiments, R1 was continuously infused （10 mg/kg per hour） from 10 min before I/R until the end of the investigation to study the influence of R1 on hepatic microcirculatory disturbance induced by gut I/R. Hepatic microcirculation was observed by inverted microscopy, and the vascular diameter, red blood cell （RBC） velocity and sinusoid perfusion were estimated. Leukocyte rolling and adhesion were observed under a laser confocal microscope. Thirty and 60 min after reperfusion, lactate dehydrogenase （LDH）, alanine aminotransferase （ALl＇） and aspartate transaminase （AST） in peripheral blood were determined. The expression of adhesion molecules CD11b/CD18 in neutrophils and tumor necrosis factor- alpha （TNF-α）, interleukin-6 （IL-6） and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 （MCP-1） in plasma were evaluated by flow Oltometry. E-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 （ICAM-1） in hepatic tissue were examined by immunofluorescence.RESULTS： After gut I/R, the diameters of terminal portal venules and central veins, RBC velocity and the number of perfused sinusoids were decreased, while the leukocyte rolling and adhesion, the expression of E-selectin in hepatic vessels and CD18 in neutrophils, IL-6, MCP-1, LDH, ALT and AST were increased. R1 treatment attenuated these alterations except for IL-6 and MCP-1. CONCLUSION： R1 prevents I/R-induced hepatic microcirculation disturbance and hepatocyte injury, The effect of R1 is related to its inhibition of leukocyte rolling and adhesion by inhibiting the expression of E-selectin in endothelium and CD18 in neutrophils.

Role of Notoginsenoside Rg1 in Improving Spatial Cognitive Ability and Lowering Phosphorylation Level of Tau Protein in AD Model Rats

[Objectives] To study the effects and mechanism of notoginsenoside Rg1 on the spatial learning and memory and phosphorylated tau protein in the AD( Alzheimer's Disease) model rat. [Methods]The AD model rat was replicated by injection of Aβ_(25-35) in the left lateral ventricles of SD rats. The low dose( 25 mg/kg),middle dose( 50 mg/kg) and high dose( 100 mg/kg) notoginsenoside Rg1 was used for intragastric administration,respectively,two times every day. After 4 weeks,the Morris water maze test was done to detect the learning and memory capacity,and the immunoblotting,immunohistochemical methods were used to detect the changes in the phosphorylation level and distribution of tau protein in hippocampus of the rats. [Results] After the intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ_(25-35),the learning and memory capacity of the model rats was significantly lower than the learning and memory capacity of the normal control rats. The immunoblotting test results showed that the phosphorylation level of tau protein threonine 231 site( Thr231) in hippocampus was significantly increased,and the nonphosphorylation level was significantly decreased. The morphological testing results showed that the phosphorylation level of tau protein Thr231 of AD model rats was increased markedly in region of DG,CA1 and CA3 of the hippocampus. The intervention of the middle dose notoginsenoside Rg1 could significantly improve the learning and memory capacity of the model rats in Morris water maze. The notoginsenoside Rg1 in three different doses could all reduce the phosphorylation level of tau protein Thr231 in the hippocampal DG,CA1,CA3 regions,and there were no significant differences among the three doses. [Conclusions]The notoginsenoside Rg1 could improve Aβ_(25-35)-induced spatial learning and memory impairment of the AD model rats,and decreased the phosphorylation level of tau protein in hippocampus.

Different Concentrations of Notoginsenoside Rg1 Attenuate Hypoxic and Hypercapnia Pulmonary Hypertension by Reducing the Expression of ERK in Rat PASMCs

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a serious disease which is characterized by increased vascular resistance and pressure. We have previously hypothesized that panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) might attenuate pulmonary vasoconstriction under hypoxia and hypercapnia condition. This study aims to investigate the effect of notoginsenoside Rg1, a main ingredient of PNS, with various concentrations (8, 40, 100 mg/L, respectively) on extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK1/2) signaling pathway in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). In addition, PASMCs were randomly divided into six groups: SD rat under normoxic condition as control group (N group), hypoxia hypercapnia group (H group), DMSO control group (HD group), Rg1-treatment groups (RgLRgM and RgH group). Western-blot and RT-PCR were used to test the expression of p-ERK protein and the expression of ERK1 mRNA and ERK2 mRNA. This study provided the evidence that the expression of p-ERK protein and the expression of ERK1 mRNA and ERK2 mRNA in HD group and H group were obviously higher than that in N group (P < 0.01), Whereas the level of ERK1/2 mRNA in Rg1-treatment groups was significantly lower than that in HD group and H group (P < 0.01), and the proper concentration of Rg1 is 40 mg/L. These results suggested that notoginsenoside Rg1 can attenuate pulmonary vasoconstriction which may lead to HHPV through reducing the expression of ERK1/2.

Notoginsenoside R₁Attenuates Hypoxia and Hypercapnia-Induced Vasoconstriction <i>In Vitro</i>by Reducing the Expression of p38

Notoginsenoside R1, the main active ingredient of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS), has been proposed to play fatal roles in the development of hypoxic hypercapnia-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction (HHPV). Subsequently, pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) lead to pulmonary vascular system remodeling and chronic pulmonary disease in the development of HHPV. Despite considerable studies have contributed to pulmonary disease, the mechanism of how Notoginsenoside R1 affects HHPV remains unclear. In this view, we will discuss the effect of notoginsenoside R1 by investigating the expression of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) signaling pathway in PASMCs under hypoxia and hypercapnia condition. The third order PASMCs of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were cultured with various concentrations (8, 40, 100 mg/L, respectively) of Notoginsenoside R1. Our data showed that the protein and mRNA expression levels of p-38 MAPK were higher in hypoxic hypercapnia group compared with hypoxic DMSO and normoxia control groups (p 1 treatment groups, the level of p-p38 MAPK protein and p38 MAPK mRNA were significantly decreased with different degrees (p 1 treatment may contribute to attenuate HHPV via decreasing the protein and mRNA expression levels of p-38 MAPK.

HPLC法同时测定腰息痛胶囊中3种活性成分含量

目的 建立HPLC法同时测定腰息痛胶囊中的三七皂苷R_(1)、人参皂苷Rg_(1)、人参皂苷Rb_(1)的含量。方法 采用Omini MP C_(18)(4.6 mm×200 mm,5μm)为色谱柱;流动相为乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液,梯度洗脱;流速为0.7 ml/min;检测波长为203 nm;柱温为25℃。结果 三七皂苷R_(1)、人参皂苷Rg_(1)、人参皂苷Rb_(1)分别在40.402~1010.500,40.480~1012.000,41.480~1037.000μg范围内呈线性关系(r<0.99);平均加样回收率分别为97.8%,97.5%,98.7%(RSD<2.0%,n=6);精密度、重复性等试验均符合规定。结论 此法简便易行、结果科学,可为中西药复方制剂腰息痛胶囊中的3种皂苷类成分定量控制提供技术依据。

高效液相色谱法同时测定三七总皂苷中人参皂苷Rg_1、Re、Rb_1与三七皂苷R_1含量

目的建立高效液相色谱法同时测定三七总皂苷中人参皂苷Rg1、Re、Rb1与三七皂苷R1的方法。方法采用高效液相色谱法 ,固定相为氨基键合相 ,流动相为乙腈 水 ( 81∶1 9,V∶V) ,检测波长2 0 3nm。结果三七总皂苷中人参皂苷Rg1、Re、Rb1和三七皂苷R1与其他成分分离良好 ,保留时间分别约为 5 7min、8 9min、2 5 1min和 9 9min。人参皂苷Rg1在 80～ 2 80mg/L(r =0 9992 )、Re在 2 0～ 1 80mg/L(r=0 9993 )、Rb1在 95～ 2 85mg/L(r=0 9991 )、三七皂苷R1在1 8～ 1 4 6mg/L(r=0 9991 )内线性关系良好 ,人参皂苷Rg1、Re、Rb1和三七皂苷R1的回收率分别为 99 1 %、98 4 %、98 6%和 97 1 % ,RSD分别为 2 1 %、2 0 %、2 2 %、2 8%。

HPLC测定金森脑泰粉针剂中三七皂苷R_1含量

目的 运用 HPL C建立金森脑泰粉针剂中三七皂苷 R1 的含量测定方法。方法 采用 ODS色谱柱 (5 μm,2 5 0 mm× 4.6 m m) ,流动相为甲醇 -水 (5 5∶ 45 ) ,流速 1m L /min,检测波长 :2 0 3 nm。结果 该法回收率 97.0 0 % ,RSD=1.6 0 % (n=5 )。结论 本法操作简便、准确 ,为测定金森脑泰粉针剂中三七皂苷 R1

三七皂苷R_1、人参皂苷R_d对微循环及凝血作用的影响

目的 研究三七皂苷 R1 (R1 )和人参皂苷 Rd(Rd)的活血化瘀作用 ,以证实二者为三七中的有效成分。方法 显微电视放大系统定量观测 R1 和 Rd 对正常及去甲肾上腺素 (NA)所致耳廓微循环障碍小鼠耳廓微循环的影响 ;血浆复钙试验测定 R1 和 Rd 的抗凝作用。结果 R1 和 Rd 能显著促进或改善正常及 NA所致耳廓微循环障碍小鼠耳廓的微循环 ;亦可延长血浆复钙时间。结论 R1 和 Rd 均能显著改善微循环并适度延长凝血时间 。

三七总甙对糖尿病皮肤溃疡大鼠内皮素-1水平的影响

目的观察三七总甙(PNS)对糖尿病皮肤溃疡(DSU)大鼠血管内皮功能的影响。方法成年雄性Wist-ar大鼠50只随机分为对照组、DSU模型组和PNS高、中、低剂量组,每组10只。采用放射免疫法检测大鼠血清内皮素(ET-1)水平,采用反转录-聚合酶链反应技术和Western blotting技术检测大鼠溃疡处组织中ET-1的表达。结果DSU模型组和PNS高、中、低剂量组大鼠血清ET-1水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05),PNS高、中、低剂量组大鼠血清ET-1水平及溃疡组织中ET-1 mRNA和蛋白表达显著低于DSU模型组(P<0.05),PNS高剂量组大鼠血清ET-1水平及溃疡组织中ET-1 mRNA和蛋白表达明显低于PNS中、低剂量组(P<0.05),PNS中剂量组大鼠血清ET-1水平及溃疡组织中ET-1 mRNA和蛋白表达明显低于PNS低剂量组(P<0.05)。结论 PNS可降低DSU大鼠ET-1的表达。

LC-MS/MS同时定量测定大鼠血浆中复方血栓通胶囊的8种入血成分

目的：建立复方血栓通胶囊中8种有效成分（三七皂苷R1、人参皂苷Rg1、人参皂苷Rb1、人参皂苷Re、人参皂苷Rd、丹参酮Ⅰ、哈巴俄苷、黄芪甲苷）在大鼠血浆中的液相色谱-质谱/质谱定量测定方法。方法色谱柱：Thermo Hypersil GOLD（2.1 mm×100 mm,5μm）；柱温：30℃；流动相：A为1%甲酸,B为乙腈；梯度洗脱：0～10 min 25%～55%B,10～20 min 55%～70%B；流速：0.2 mL/min；进样量：10μL。离子源：ESI源,正离子模式,SRM扫描。结果以盐酸巴马汀为内标,三七皂苷R1、人参皂苷Rg1、人参皂苷Re、人参皂苷Rb1、人参皂苷Rd、哈巴俄苷、黄芪甲苷、丹参酮Ⅰ的检测范围分别为1.00～800 ng/mL、0.950～760 ng/mL、1.44～1440 ng/mL、1.33～1330 ng/mL、9.90～990 ng/mL、1.01～1010 ng/mL、1.16～928 ng/mL、10.0～800 ng/mL。准确度分别在85%～115%之间,绝对回收率达到50%～70%,日内精密度与日间精密度RSD≤15%。结论该方法快速、灵敏、重复性好,可用于复方血栓通胶囊8种有效成分在大鼠体内的相关药代动力学研究。

三七皂苷R1对UV辐射皮肤成纤维细胞的影响

目的探讨三七皂苷R1对UV诱导的人皮肤成纤维细胞的保护作用及其相关分子机制。方法采用不同剂量UV照射原代培养的人皮肤成纤维细胞,同时加入三七皂苷R1干预处理,倒置相差显微镜观察细胞损伤的形态学变化,并用MTT法检测其增殖活性,比色法检测成纤维细胞培养上清中羟脯氨酸的含量,ELISA法检测成纤维细胞MMP-1蛋白水平。结果 UVB、UVA辐射成纤维细胞后,细胞损伤程度呈剂量依赖性,加入三七皂苷R1后,体外培养成纤维细胞未出现明显的数量上和形态学改变;三七皂苷R1浓度为5,20μg.mL-1时经UV照射的FB细胞增殖活性增加;三七皂苷R1浓度为5,20μg.mL-1时抑制MMP-1的分泌。结论 UVB、UVA辐射对皮肤成纤维细胞具有明显的损伤作用,而三七皂苷R1对其具有一定的保护作用。

RP-HPLC梯度洗脱法同时测定三七总皂苷及血塞通注射液中3种皂苷的含量

目的 :用高效液相色谱梯度洗脱法同时检测三七总皂苷原料及注射液中三七皂苷R1、人参皂苷Rb1、人参皂苷Rg13种皂苷含量 ,为重新修订质量标准中含量测定方法及含量限度提供了依据。方法 :用大连SpherisorbC8分析柱 ;乙腈 -水线性梯度洗脱 :0～ 3min (2 4∶76 ) ,3～ 15min (4 5∶5 5 ) ;流速 1 5mL·min-1;检测波长 2 0 3nm。结果 :该方法回收率三七皂苷R1为 99 8% ,人参皂苷Rb1为 10 0 6 % ,人参皂苷Rg1为98 9% ,RSD <1 1%。结论 :高效液相色谱梯度洗脱法能将多种皂苷很好地分离检测 ,提高了时效 ,减少了误差 ,结果表明该方法准确可靠 ,重现性好 ,结果稳定。

缓释辅料对三七总皂苷缓释片中人参皂苷Rg_1,Rb_1释药特性的影响

目的 :探讨缓释辅料对三七总皂苷缓释片中人参皂苷Rg1,Rb1释药特性的影响。方法 :通过考察由HPMC和EC 2种缓释辅料 ,不同黏度规格的EC ,以及EC的不同用量制成的缓释骨架片 ,测定人参皂苷Rg1,Rb1在这些缓释片中的释放度。结果 :缓释辅料的种类 ,规格及用量均影响人参皂苷Rg1,Rb1的释药特性 ,在各缓释片中人参皂苷Rg1,Rb1间的释药行为也存在差异。结论 :中药有效部位缓释制剂研究中应当重视有效成分间释药特性的异同。

三七皂甙Rg1纹状体内注射对帕金森病模型大鼠免疫炎症损伤的拮抗效应

目的 :探讨三七皂甙Rg1 对帕金森病模型大鼠免疫炎症损伤的拮抗效应。方法 :建立帕金森病大鼠模型 ,采用三七皂甙Rg1 纹状体内注射 ,检测处理后大鼠的神经行为、纹状体内炎性因子含量变化及脾细胞增殖反应。结果 :三七皂甙Rg1 可明显减少模型大鼠的神经旋转行为 ,降低纹状体损毁侧TNF α、IL 1β和IL 6含量 ,同时对脾细胞有增殖效应。 结论 :三七皂甙Rg1 可调整机体的免疫功能 ,降低免疫炎性反应对多巴胺能神经元的损伤。

三七总皂苷对顺铂致肾损伤大鼠肾组织纤维化的改善作用及对相关因子表达的影响

目的:研究三七总皂苷(PNS)对顺铂致肾损伤模型大鼠肾组织纤维化的改善作用及对相关因子的影响。方法:将72只SD大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、阳性药物组和PNS低、中、高剂量组,每组12只。除空白组外,其余各组大鼠采用顺铂尾静脉注射(3 mg/kg×4次)建立肾损伤模型。从首次注射顺铂后第1天开始,阳性组大鼠腹腔注射安磷汀溶液(1.0 mg/kg),PNS各剂量组大鼠腹腔注射PNS溶液(15.63、31.35、62.70 mg/kg),空白组和模型组大鼠注射等体积生理盐水,给药体积均为0.2 mL,连续给药60 d。收集大鼠24 h尿液,检测β-N-乙酰胺基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)、24 h尿蛋白(Upro/24 h)含量;检测大鼠血清中肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)含量;采用逆转录荧光聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)和免疫组化法分别检测大鼠肾组织中结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)、转化生长因子β_1(TGF-β_1)、Ⅰ型胶原(Col-1)、金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子1(TIMP-1)、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物1(PAI-1)的mRNA和蛋白表达水平。结果:与空白组比较,模型组大鼠尿液中NAG、Upro/24 h含量,血清中Scr、BUN含量,以及肾组织中CTGF、TGF-β_1、Col-1、TIMP-1、PAI-1的mRNA和蛋白表达水平均显著升高(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,PNS各剂量组大鼠上述尿液和血清生化指标含量均显著降低;PNS各剂量组大鼠肾组织中CTGF、TGF-β_1的mRNA表达水平和CTGF、TGF-β_1、Col-1、TIMP-1蛋白表达水平,PNS高剂量组Col-1的m RNA表达水平,PNS中、高剂量组TIMP-1的mRNA表达水平和PAI-1蛋白表达水平均显著降低(P<0.05)。与阳性组比较,PNS中、高剂量组大鼠尿液中NAG、Upro/24 h含量显著降低(P<0.05)。结论:PNS能有效改善顺铂致肾损伤模型大鼠的肾功能,其可能通过下调肾组织中肾纤维化相关性因子CTGF、TGF-β_1、Col-1、TIMP-1、PAI-1的表达,从而发挥减轻顺铂致肾纤维化的作用。

三七皂苷单体Rb_1在低氧高二氧化碳肺动脉收缩中的保护作用及机制

目的探讨三七皂苷单体Rb1在低氧高二氧化碳性肺动脉收缩(hypoxia hypercapnia-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction,HHPV)中的保护作用及机制。方法原代培养健康雄性SD大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞,取第2～5代细胞至低氧高二氧化碳(1%O2,6%CO2)条件下继续培养,并分别用8、40、100mg/LRb1孵育24h后收集细胞,分别采用Westernblot测定磷酸化细胞外调节蛋白激酶(ERK)蛋白表达,半定量RT-PCR检测ERK1和ERK2mRNA表达。结果常氧组p-ERK蛋白及ERK1、ERK2mRNA表达均呈弱阳性,低氧高二氧化碳组p-ERK蛋白及ERK1、ERK2mRNA表达均明显增加(P<0.01);经不同浓度Rb1干预后,p-ERK蛋白及ERK1、ERK2mRNA表达均明显降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),并呈剂量依赖关系,以100mg/L效果最好。Rb1各浓度组p-ERK蛋白表达与ERK1和ERK2mRNA表达均呈显著正相关(r分别为0.500、0.977,P<0.01)。结论 ERK1/2信号通路可能介导大鼠HHPV;三七皂苷单体Rb1可能通过抑制ERK1/2通路减轻HHPV。

三七总皂苷对动脉粥样硬化血管内皮的保护作用

目的探讨三七总皂苷对动脉粥样硬化主动脉内皮的保护作用。方法载脂蛋白E基因敲除(apoE-KO)小鼠随机分为模型组、三七总皂苷组和辛伐他汀组,同种属C57BL/6J小鼠作为正常对照组。应用ELISA法测定小鼠血清氧化型低密度脂蛋白(oxLDL)含量,透射电镜观察小鼠主动脉内皮细胞的超微结构。实时定量RT-PCR检测小鼠主动脉细胞分化抗原40(CD40)、血管细胞黏附分子-1(VCAM-1)mRNA表达水平。结果 apoE-KO小鼠的主动脉内皮和正常相比明显肿胀,连续性中断,可见细胞凋亡,胞核固缩,核内异染色质明显增多,线粒体空泡化。用药组内皮结构有不同程度的改善。与模型组相比,apoE-KO小鼠血清oxLDL水平显著升高(16.06ng/mL±4.16ng/mL vs 1.43ng/mL±0.84ng/mL,P<0.001),三七总皂苷及辛伐他汀均可显著降低apoE-KO小鼠血清oxLDL水平(4.45ng/mL±1.25ng/mL,3.92ng/mL±1.99ng/mL,P<0.001)。结论三七总皂苷对动脉粥样硬化小鼠血管内皮具有保护作用,其机制与降低血清oxLDL水平,下调主动脉CD40及VCAM-1的基因表达水平有关。

气血康口服液(无糖型)质量标准研究

目的 :制订气血康口服液 (无糖型 ) (三七、人参、葛根等 )的质量标准。方法 :用TLC法鉴别人参、三七、葛根 ,用HPLC ELSD法测定三七皂苷R1含量。结果 :在TLC色谱中能检出人参皂苷Rg1、葛根 ,在HPLC ELSD测定三七皂苷R1在 1.6 6 4～ 16 .6 4 μg范围内呈良好的线形关系 (r =0 .9997) ,平均回收率 10 0 .9% ,RSD为 2 .5 %。 结论 :定性定量方法简便准确 ,能有效地控制气血康口服液 (无糖型 )的质量。

七连栓质量控制研究

目的 :建立七连栓的质量控制方法。方法 :采用薄层色谱法对主药黄连、三七进行定性鉴别 ;采用反相高效液相色谱法梯度洗脱 ,蒸发光散射器检测三七中人参皂苷Rg1 、Rb1 的含量。结果 :本品薄层色谱特征明显 ,专属性强 ;人参皂苷Rg1 在进样量为1 56μg～3. 74μg 范围内线性关系良好 (r=0. 9993 ,RSD=1. 6 % ) ,回收率为99 .10 % ;人参皂苷Rb1 在进样量为1 .44μg～3 46μg范围内线性关系良好 (r=0. 9981 ,RSD=1 .2 % ) ,回收率为102. 13 %。结论 :本方法简便、灵敏、准确、重现性好 ,可用于七连栓的质量控制。