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Assessing the Impact of Regulations on Radiation Safety Culture and Practices in Radiology Departments
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作者 Saad Alqahtani Khaled Soliman +8 位作者 Khaled Altuwayjiri Mohammed Al Shehri Yahya Jubran Alwaleed Al Hussein Nawaf Alanazi Nawaf Alanazi Fahad Alqarni Hela Alqahtani Ahmed Jowana 《Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics》 2024年第8期3006-3016,共11页
Background: The need to establish a strong culture around radiation safety is derived from the assertion that medical practitioners, patients, and third parties should not be exposed to unnecessary radiation. Authorit... Background: The need to establish a strong culture around radiation safety is derived from the assertion that medical practitioners, patients, and third parties should not be exposed to unnecessary radiation. Authorities have endeavored to enact policies to protect all employers and patients in radiology departments. Objectives: To assess the impact of radiation safety practices and regulations on the ongoing improvements in radiation safety culture and practices in radiology departments. This will be achieved through a subjective assessment of national and international rules and regulations by healthcare professionals. Materials and Methods: We conducted a questionnaire survey in the radiology departments of three JCI-accredited hospitals in the Riyadh region to identify and assess the impact of national radiation regulations and the accompanying processes on the improvement of radiation safety culture and practices in radiology departments. Results: There were statistically significant differences in the grading system results among various groups of respondents, based on their educational level. Also, there are statistically significant differences between the assessments of safety level results in the answers provided by various groups of respondents according to education level in favor of the master’s degree. Conclusion: The study concludes that technicians with a diploma degree require stricter regulation. Furthermore, the results of this study suggest that an exposure tracking system and a regulatory action supporting it may be useful in the ongoing task of improving patients’ radiation safety. 展开更多
关键词 Impact radiation safety Culture REGULATIONS ACCREDITATION Practice Radiology Departments
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International law obligations for the disposal of Fukushima nuclear-contaminated water under the principles of nuclear safety
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作者 Wei Gong 《Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment》 2024年第1期10-19,共10页
The disposal of contaminated water from Japan’s Fukushima nuclear power plant is a significant international nuclear safety issue with considerable cross-border implications.This matter requires compliance not only w... The disposal of contaminated water from Japan’s Fukushima nuclear power plant is a significant international nuclear safety issue with considerable cross-border implications.This matter requires compliance not only with the law of the sea but also with the principles of nuclear safety under international law.These principles serve as the overarching tenet of international and China’s domestic nuclear laws,applicable to nuclear facilities and activities.The principle of safety in nuclear activities is fully recognized in international and domestic laws,carrying broad legal binding force.Japan’s discharge of nuclear-contaminated water into the sea violates its obligations under the principle of safety in nuclear activities,including commitments to optimum protection,as low as reasonably practicable,and prevention.The Japanese government and the International Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA)have breached the obligation of optimum protection by restricting the scope of assessments,substituting core concepts,and shielding dissenting views.In the absence of clear radiation standards,they have acted unilaterally without fulfilling the obligation as low as reasonably practicable principle.The discharge of Fukushima nuclear-contaminated water poses an imminent and unpredictable risk to all countries worldwide,including Japanese residents.Japan and the IAEA should fulfill their obligations under international law regarding disposal,adhering to the principles of nuclear safety,including optimum protection,the obligation as low as reasonably practicable,and prevention through multilateral cooperation.Specifically,the obligation to provide optimum protection should be implemented by re-evaluating the most reliable disposal technologies and methods currently available and comprehensively assessing various options.The standard of the obligation as low as reasonably practicable requires that the minimization of negative impacts on human health,livelihoods,and the environment should not be subordinated to considerations of cutting costs and expenses.Multilateral cooperation should be promoted through the establishment of sound multilateral long-term monitoring mechanisms for the discharge of nuclear-contaminated water,notification and consultation obligations,and periodic assessments.These obligations under international law were fulfilled after the accidents at the Three Mile Island and Chernobyl nuclear power plants.The implications of the principles of nuclear safety align with the concept of building a community of shared future for nuclear safety advocated by China.In cases of violations of international law regarding the disposal of nuclear-contaminated water that jeopardize the concept of a community of a shared future for nuclear safety,China can also rely on its own strength to promote the implementation of due obligations through self-help. 展开更多
关键词 Principles of nuclear safety Disposal of nuclear-contaminated water Optimum protection Prevention As low as reasonably achievable
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Nuclear power development and radiationsafety control in China
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作者 Hu Erbang(China institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan 030006 , China) 《Journal of Environmental Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 1995年第2期138-145,共8页
NuclearpowerdevelopmentandradiationsafetycontrolinChinaHuErbang(ChinainstituteforRadiationProtection,Taiyuan... NuclearpowerdevelopmentandradiationsafetycontrolinChinaHuErbang(ChinainstituteforRadiationProtection,Taiyuan030006,China)Nucl... 展开更多
关键词 nuclear power radiation safety control China.
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Spinal cord biological safety of image-guided radiation therapy versus conventional radiation therapy 被引量:23
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作者 Wanlong Xu Xilinbaoleri +2 位作者 Hao Liu Ruozheng Wang Jingping Bai 《Neural Regeneration Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2012年第35期2755-2760,共6页
Tumor models were simulated in purebred Beagles at the T9-10 levels of the spinal cord and treated with spinal image-guided radiation therapy or conventional radiation therapy with 50 or 70 Gy total radiation. Three m... Tumor models were simulated in purebred Beagles at the T9-10 levels of the spinal cord and treated with spinal image-guided radiation therapy or conventional radiation therapy with 50 or 70 Gy total radiation. Three months after radiation, neuronal injury at the T9-10 levels was observed, including reversible injury induced by spinal image-guided radiation therapy and apoptosis induced by conventional radiation therapy. The number of apoptotic cells and expression of the proapoptotic protein Fas were significantly reduced, but expression of the anti-apoptotic protein heat shock protein 70 was significantly increased after image-guided radiation therapy compared with the conventional method of the same radiation dose. Moreover, the spinal cord cell apoptotic index positively correlated with the ratio of Fas/heat shock protein 70. These findings indicate that 3 months of radiation therapy can induce a late response in the spinal cord to radiation therapy; image-guided radiation therapy is safer and results in less neuronal injury compared with conventional radiation therapy. 展开更多
关键词 Image-guided radiation therapy conventional radiation therapy spinal cord NEURONS apoptosis FAS heat shock protein 70 biological safety vertebral body TUMOR
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Impact of atmospheric ionization by delayed radiation from highaltitude nuclear explosions on radio communication 被引量:2
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作者 Heng Xu Jian-Ming Ouyang +2 位作者 Shang-Wu Wang Yun Liu Xu Sun 《Nuclear Science and Techniques》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2019年第12期58-64,共7页
In this study,we investigated the motion,shape,and delayed radiation intensity of a radioactive cloud by establishing a volume-source model of delayed radiation after high-altitude nuclear explosions.Then,the spatial ... In this study,we investigated the motion,shape,and delayed radiation intensity of a radioactive cloud by establishing a volume-source model of delayed radiation after high-altitude nuclear explosions.Then,the spatial distribution of electron number density at different moments on the north side of the explosion point generated by delayed γ-rays and delayed β-rays from the radioactive cloud under the influence of the geomagnetic field was calculated by solving chemical reaction kinetics equations.The impact of radio communication in the different frequency bands on the process of atmospheric ionization was also studied.The numerical results of the high-altitude nuclear explosion (120 km high and with a 1 megaton equivalent at 40°N latitude) indicated that the peak of electron number density ionized delayed γ-rays is located at a height of approximately 100 km and that of electron number density ionized delayed β-rays is about 90 km high.After 1 min of explosion,the radio communication in the medium frequency (MF) and high-frequency (HF)bands was completely interrupted,and the energy attenuation of the radio wave in the very high-frequency (VHF)band was extremely high.Five minutes later,the VHF radio communication was basically restored,but the energy attenuation in the HF band was still high.After 30 min,theVHF radio communication returned to normal,but its influence on the HF and MF radio communication continued. 展开更多
关键词 HIGH-ALTITUDE nuclear explosions DELAYED radiation IONIZATION effect Radio communication
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Study on Color Information Degradation Induced byγ-ray Radiation in CMOS Cameras
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作者 LI Kunfang FENG Jie +4 位作者 WANG Haichuan LI Yudong WEN Lin LI Zhenzhe GUO Qi 《原子能科学技术》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2023年第12期2337-2347,共11页
Theγ-rays are widely and abundantly present in strong nuclear radiation environments,and when they act on the camera equipment used to obtain environmental visual information on nuclear robots,radiation effects will ... Theγ-rays are widely and abundantly present in strong nuclear radiation environments,and when they act on the camera equipment used to obtain environmental visual information on nuclear robots,radiation effects will occur,which will degrade the performance of the camera system,reduce the imaging quality,and even cause catastrophic consequences.Color reducibility is an important index for evaluating the imaging quality of color camera,but its degradation mechanism in a nuclear radiation environment is still unclear.In this paper,theγ-ray irradiation experiments of CMOS cameras were carried out to analyse the degradation law of the camera’s color reducibility with cumulative irradiation and reveal the degradation mechanism of the color information of the CMOS camera underγ-ray irradiation.The results show that the spectral response of CMOS image sensor(CIS)and the spectral transmittance of lens after irradiation affect the values of a^(*)and b^(*)in the LAB color model.While the full well capacity(FWC)of CIS and transmittance of lens affect the value of L^(*)in the LAB color model,thus increase color difference and reduce brightness,the combined effect of color difference and brightness degradation will reduce the color reducibility of CMOS cameras.Therefore,the degradation of the color information of the CMOS camera afterγ-ray irradiation mainly comes from the changes in the FWC and spectral response of CIS,and the spectral transmittance of lens. 展开更多
关键词 CMOS camera color reducibility Γ-RAY nuclear radiation
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Caveolin-1 Is Involved in Radiation-induced ERBB2 Nuclear Transport in Breast Cancer Cells 被引量:1
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作者 张禹 于世英 +3 位作者 庄亮 郑祖安 晁滕飞 付强 《Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Medical Sciences)》 SCIE CAS 2012年第6期888-892,共5页
This study examined the radiation-induced ERBB2 nuclear transport in the BT474 breast cancer cell line and the relationship between caveolin-1 and radiation-induced ERBB2 nuclear transport. The BT474 cells were treate... This study examined the radiation-induced ERBB2 nuclear transport in the BT474 breast cancer cell line and the relationship between caveolin-1 and radiation-induced ERBB2 nuclear transport. The BT474 cells were treated with herceptin (200 nmol/L), PP2 (a caveolin-1 inhibitor, 100 nmol/L) and irradiation combined or alone. Confocal microscopy was used to observe the nuclear import of ERBB2 and caveolin-1 after irradiation. Western blotting was employed to detect the expression of ERBB2, caveolin-1 and DNA-PKcs after irradiation, and immunoprecipitation to identify the ERBB2 and caveolin-1 complex before perinuclear ERBB2 localization. Confocal microscopy showed the transport of ERBB2 and caveolin-1 from the cell membrane to the nucleus 15 min after irradiation and the proteins accumulated at the perinuclear region within 45 min. Western blotting revealed that the expression levels of ERBB2, caveolin-1 and DNA-PKcs were increased after irradiation and reached a peak 45 min later. Both herceptin and PP2 treatments were found to decrease ERBB2 expression. An immune complex composed of ERBB2 and caveolin-1 was found in the herceptin group after irradiation. It was concluded that after irradiation, ERBB2 may be transported from the cell membrane to the nucleus and activate DNA-PKcs to trigger DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair; caveolin-1 may participate in this process. Treatments involving the downregulation of caveolin-1 may increase the radio-sensitization of breast cancer cells. 展开更多
关键词 ERBB2 CAVEOLIN-1 radiation nuclear transport
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Prospects of Technological Improvement of Nuclear and Environmental Safety of World Energy
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作者 Iryna Korduba Zhanna Patlashenko Olena Zhukova 《Open Journal of Ecology》 2023年第8期536-548,共13页
Today, the most urgent problem of the existing and future nuclear power industry is to ensure the nuclear and environmental safety of the operation of nuclear power reactor units (NPPs) and nuclear power plants (NPPs)... Today, the most urgent problem of the existing and future nuclear power industry is to ensure the nuclear and environmental safety of the operation of nuclear power reactor units (NPPs) and nuclear power plants (NPPs). It is solved thanks to the application of deeply echeloned protection and an anti-accident complex of methods and means for effective control of the operation of active reactor zones (AZR). However, the danger of existing NPPs in the world from time to time manifests itself in the form of severe post-project accidents and catastrophes with the release into the environment of a significant amount of radioactive materials dangerous for all living things. The results of the analysis show that the unconditional fulfillment of the main requirements of nuclear environmental safety and biocompatibility is possible only in the so-called wave nuclear reactor of the G-V generation, which, unlike reactors of the previous generations III, II+ and IV, does not require supercritical loading of the core with nuclear fuel. In the active zone of this reactor, nuclear-physical processes governed by physical law are implemented, which exclude the operator’s participation in regulating the reactivity of the reactor’s active zone, which makes it the reactor with the highest level of nuclear and environmental safety today, which is based on the principles of so-called internal safety, free from the human factor. The possibility of burning nuclear fuel based on U238 and Th232 in it expands the reserves of energetic nuclear fuel almost to inexhaustibility. The technology of nuclear reactors of the G5 generation through the secondary use of spent irradiated nuclear fuel (SNF) for the production of energy and energy raw materials with simultaneous burning of it to an environmentally safe state is able to quickly reduce the available stocks and further production of dangerous SNF, guarantee the nuclear and environmental safety of NPPs with reactors G5 and to technologically make nuclear post-project accidents and disasters impossible at the level of physical law with the complete elimination of the human factor. 展开更多
关键词 nuclear-Environmental safety nuclear Power Reactor Unit nuclear Fuel Cycle nuclear Technologies of the Fifth Generation nuclear-Environmental safety Wave Reactor BIOCOMPATIBILITY
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Comparison of efficacy and safety between late-course and simultaneous integrated dose-increasing intensity-modulated radiation therapy for cervical cancer complicated with pelvic lymph node metastasis 被引量:1
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作者 Yi Cheng Nan Huang +3 位作者 Jing Zhao Jianhua Wang Chen Gong Kai Qin 《Oncology and Translational Medicine》 2019年第1期25-29,共5页
Objective This study aimed to compare and analyze the clinical efficacy and safety of late-course and simultaneous integrated dose-increasing intensity-modulated radiation therapy(IMRT) for cervical cancer complicated... Objective This study aimed to compare and analyze the clinical efficacy and safety of late-course and simultaneous integrated dose-increasing intensity-modulated radiation therapy(IMRT) for cervical cancer complicated with pelvic lymph node metastasis. Methods Sixty patients with cervical cancer complicated with pelvic lymph node metastasis who were admitted to our hospital from January 2013 to January 2015 were enrolled. The patients were randomly divided into the late-course dose-increasing IMRT group and the simultaneous integrated dose-increasing IMRT group, with 30 cases included in each group, respectively. All patients were concurrently treated with cisplatin. After treatment, the clinical outcomes of the two groups were compared. Results The remission rate of symptoms in the simultaneous integrated dose-increasing IMRT group was significantly higher than that in the late-course dose-increasing IMRT group(P < 0.05). The follow-up results showed that the overall survival time, progression-free survival time, and distant metastasis time of patients in the simultaneous integrated dose-increasing IMRT group were significantly longer than those in the late-course dose-increasing IMRT group(P < 0.05). The recurrent rate of lymph nodes in the radiation field in the simultaneous integrated dose-increasing IMRT group was significantly lower(P < 0.05) than in the late-course dose-increasing IMRT group. There was no significant difference in the incidence of cervical and vaginal recurrence and distant metastasis between the two groups(P > 0.05). The radiation doses of Dmax in the small intestine, D1 cc(the minimum dose to the 1 cc receiving the highest dose) in the bladder, and Dmax in the rectum in the simultaneous integrated dose-increasing IMRT group were significantly lower(P < 0.05) than in the late-course dose-increasing IMRT group. There was no significant difference in intestinal D2 cc(the minimum dose to the 2 cc receiving the highest dose) between the two groups(P > 0.05). The incidence of bone marrow suppression in the simultaneous integrated dose-increasing IMRT group was significantly lower(P < 0.05) than in the late-course dose-increasing IMRT group.Conclusion The application of simultaneous integrated dose-increasing IMRT in the treatment of cervical cancer patients complicated with pelvic lymph node metastasis can significantly control tumor progression, improve the long-term survival time, and postpone distant metastasis time with high safety. 展开更多
关键词 simultaneous integrated dose-increasing INTENSITY-MODULATED radiation therapy late-course dose-increasing INTENSITY-MODULATED radiation therapy cervical cancer COMPLICATED with pelvic lymph node metastasis clinical efficacy safety
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Assessment of Physicians’ Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Radiation Safety at Suez Canal University Hospital, Egypt 被引量:1
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作者 Rasha F. Abdellah Shaimaa A. Attia +1 位作者 Ahmed M. Fouad Amani W. Abdel-Halim 《Open Journal of Radiology》 2015年第4期250-258,共9页
Doctors who request imaging must be well trained in deciding whether diagnostic imaging is indicated and have an accurate knowledge of the associated risks. Although radiological doses are low and the chance of late e... Doctors who request imaging must be well trained in deciding whether diagnostic imaging is indicated and have an accurate knowledge of the associated risks. Although radiological doses are low and the chance of late effect is minimal, it should be kept as low as reasonably achievable. This cannot be achieved without a proper knowledge and adherence to safe practices. This cross-sectional study investigates the level of physicians’ knowledge about radiation safety and their attitude towards radiation protection. A self-administered questionnaire, for radiation safety was sent to a purposive sample of 120 physicians at Suez Canal University Hospital. Eighty questionnaires were filled by participants (response rate;66.7%). The sample included 22 radiologists, 15 oncologists, 25 surgeons and 18 orthopedists. Most participants did not receive any radiation safety-related training (88.8%). Radiologists and oncologists were exposed to ionizing radiation more frequently;however, their knowledge was as low as that of other physicians. The overall knowledge score ranged from 40% - 60% (mean;56.5 ± 15.2), with a low score among surgeons and orthopedics. The most deficient knowledge was in the dose of background radiation and the radiation dose received by patients in each type of radiation procedure. Adherence to safe radiation practices was violated by most of participants, especially surgeons and orthopedics, but they attributed it to the poor applicability of the protective measures during performing the procedures. This study concluded that physicians at the Suez Canal University Hospital had deficient knowledge, unsafe practices and negative attitude towards radiation safety policies & precautions. 展开更多
关键词 Physicians’ KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE Practice radiation safety
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Design of nuclear radiation level gauge based on normalized LMS filtering correction 被引量:1
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作者 WU Zuo-peng WANG Xiao-peng WU Xu 《Journal of Measurement Science and Instrumentation》 CAS CSCD 2019年第2期103-108,共6页
In the measurement of liquid level in industrial site environment,noise interference can affect the measurement accuracy.In order to improve the measurement accuracy of liquid level in the viscous state,a nuclear radi... In the measurement of liquid level in industrial site environment,noise interference can affect the measurement accuracy.In order to improve the measurement accuracy of liquid level in the viscous state,a nuclear radiation level measurement system based on the least mean square(LMS)filtering correction method is designed.The system uses STM32F103 as the control core and adopts HART bus HT1200M chip for remote signal transmission and reception.The adaptive LMS algorithm can be used for more accurate filtering,calculating iterative weight vector,updating weighted coefficient,effectively removing system measurement noise and improving the measurement accuracy.The results show that the nuclear radiation level gauge based on normalized LMS can correct the measurement system accuracy in adaptive rules,improve the measurement accuracy to meet the requirements of industrial field environment for liquid level measurement and enhance the industrial automation control degree. 展开更多
关键词 least mean square(LMS) nuclear radiation method self-adaptive algorithm weighted coefficient updating level gauge
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Analysis of the influence on environmental radiation level of Qinshan area caused by Fukushima nuclear accident 被引量:2
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作者 高阳 朱月龙 《Nuclear Science and Techniques》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2014年第A01期66-70,共5页
关键词 环境辐射水平 核事故 山地 监测结果 放射性烟云 铯-137 环境样品 辐射监测
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Establishing a mechanism for international cooperation for Fukushima nuclear-contaminated water monitoring
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作者 Shumei Yue Xiaodi Yang 《Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment》 2024年第1期20-33,共14页
The Japanese government’s unilateral decision to discharge the nuclear-contaminated water from the Fukushima nuclear power plant into the ocean has caused immense nuclear safety risks.Monitoring the unclear contamina... The Japanese government’s unilateral decision to discharge the nuclear-contaminated water from the Fukushima nuclear power plant into the ocean has caused immense nuclear safety risks.Monitoring the unclear contaminated water is a starting point to combat these risks and seek remedies for the rights and interests of all concerned parties.The establishment of a mechanism for international cooperation in this respect is necessary to handle the risks of the Fukushima nuclear-contaminated water and to lay the foundation of a framework for tackling any future disposal of nuclear-contaminated water following Japan’s example.At present,the international legal systems in the spheres of nuclear safety and security,marine environmental protection,and other areas,as well as the questioning of the monitoring reports of the International Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA)by the relevant parties,the monitoring practices of historical nuclear accidents,and numerous radioactivity monitoring mechanisms have provided the institutional and practical basis for constructing such a mechanism.The mechanism can be promoted by the IAEA through its existing mechanisms or be jointly initiated by China,the Russian Federation,the Republic of Korea,the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea,and the Pacific Island countries,among other stakeholders.Specifically,this mechanism should consist of three levels:first,the framework of the basic legal system,including the cooperative principles of national sovereignty,interest-relatedness,and procedural fairness,and the signing of the Framework Convention on the Monitoring of Fukushima’s nuclear-contaminated water and its Optional Protocol;second,the organizational structure and its responsibilities,which may include the Conference of Parties as the decision-making body,the Secretariat as the central coordinating body,and the monitoring committees in various fields as specific implementing agencies;and third,specific administrative arrangements,which involve the standardization of monitoring,the management system of monitoring networks and stations,the rules for monitoring procedures,and the rules for the utilization of the monitoring data,etc.With the urgent need for the scientific and fair monitoring of Fukushima’s nuclear-contaminated water,China,as a stakeholder country,can promote the establishment of such a mechanism for monitoring nuclear-contaminated water through the following paths:①It is necessary to clarify the factors affecting the construction of an international cooperation mechanism for monitoring nuclear-contaminated water so as to ascertain the standpoints of the stakeholders,claims of their interests,contents of their cooperation,and the relevant international relations.②On the basis of existing practices,China should consider improving the monitoring mechanism to cope with the risks of the discharge of Fukushima’s nuclear-contaminated water by formulating targeted policies and systems,setting up specialized monitoring institutions,and establishing a systematic monitoring network system.③This is an effective way for China to actively promote the participation of stakeholders in the construction of an international cooperation mechanism for monitoring nuclear-contaminated water in Fukushima by further innovating the dissemination mechanism to address the risk of Fukushima’s nuclear-contaminated water discharging into the sea and facilitating the identification of issues for international cooperation in monitoring Fukushima’s nuclear-contaminated water based on the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind. 展开更多
关键词 nuclear safety Fukushima nuclear-contaminated water nuclear-contaminated water monitoring Mechanism for international cooperation
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Nanotechnology in Nuclear Reactors: Innovations in Fusion and Fission Power Generation
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作者 Bahman Zohuri 《Journal of Energy and Power Engineering》 CAS 2024年第2期71-74,共4页
This article explores the transformative potential of nanotechnology and MMs(memory metals)in enhancing the design and operation of nuclear reactors,encompassing both fission and fusion technologies.Nanotechnology,wit... This article explores the transformative potential of nanotechnology and MMs(memory metals)in enhancing the design and operation of nuclear reactors,encompassing both fission and fusion technologies.Nanotechnology,with its ability to engineer materials at the atomic scale,offers significant improvements in reactor safety,efficiency,and longevity.In fission reactors,nanomaterials enhance fuel rod integrity,optimize thermal management,and improve in-core instrumentation.Fusion reactors benefit from nanostructured materials that bolster containment and heat dissipation,addressing critical challenges in sustaining fusion reactions.The integration of SMAs(shape memory alloys),or MMs,further amplifies these advancements.These materials,characterized by their ability to revert to a pre-defined shape under thermal conditions,provide self-healing capabilities,adaptive structural components,and enhanced magnetic confinement.The synergy between nanotechnology and MMs represents a paradigm shift in nuclear reactor technology,promising a future of cleaner,more efficient,and safer nuclear energy production.This innovative approach positions the nuclear industry to meet the growing global energy demand while addressing environmental and safety concerns. 展开更多
关键词 NANOTECHNOLOGY MMS fission reactors fusion reactors SMAS nuclear energy reactor safety thermal management structural integrity advanced materials
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Radiation Exposure and Cancer Incidence (1990 to 2008) around Nuclear Power Plants in Ontario, Canada
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作者 R. Lane, E. Dagher J. Burtt, P. A. Thompson 《Journal of Environmental Protection》 2013年第9期888-913,共26页
Radiation doses and cancer incidence among the population living within 25 km of three nuclear power plants (NPPs) in Ontario, Canada were investigated for the period 1985 to 2008 for radiation exposure and 1990 to 20... Radiation doses and cancer incidence among the population living within 25 km of three nuclear power plants (NPPs) in Ontario, Canada were investigated for the period 1985 to 2008 for radiation exposure and 1990 to 2008 for cancer incidence. This study design provided at least a five-year latency period between potential radiation exposure and cancer incidence. Around the NPPs, the incidence of childhood cancers, leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, in young children (aged 0 - 4) was lower than the general Ontario population, but not statistically so. Cancer incidence in children aged 0 - 14 was similar to the Ontario population. Overall, for all ages there was no consistent pattern of cancer incidence (all cancers combined and radio-sensitive cancers) across the population living within 25 km of the three NPPs. Some types of cancers were statistically higher than expected, others were statistically lower than expected, and others were similar to the general Ontario population. Although variations in all cancers combined and radiosensitive cancers were found in this study, the pattern was found to be within the natural variation of cancer in Ontario. During the period 1985 to 2000 (Pickering and Bruce NPPs) and 1985 to 2002 (Darlington NPP) radiation doses to members of the public from the operation of the NPPs, estimated on the basis of a hypothetical individual at the facility fence line, were ≤0.052 mSv/year;while for the period 2001 to 2008 (Pickering and Bruce NPPs) and 2003 to 2008 (Darlington NPP) radiation doses, more realistically estimated using the critical group concept for six age classes, were ≤0.0067 mSv/year. Hence, public doses from environmental releases of radionuclides from Ontario NPPs represent a very small fraction of natural background radiation (1.338 and 2.02 mSv/year) in the regions where the NPPs are located. Our study shows no evidence of childhood leukemia clusters around the three NPPs and that the incidence of all the cancers investigated for all age groups is within the natural variation of the disease in Ontario. The radiation exposure from NPP operation is a small contributor to the public’s total exposure to radiation and is not a plausible explanation for any excess cancers observed within 25 km of any Ontario NPP. 展开更多
关键词 Cancer CHILDHOOD LEUKEMIA radiation Doses POPULATION nuclear Power Plants
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Enhancing Nuclear Security System of Irradiation Facility SIBO INRA/Tangier Morocco
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作者 Mouhib Mohammed Chentouf Mouad +1 位作者 Guessous Amina Rostislav Vlaev 《Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering》 2017年第3期95-101,共7页
Around the world, radioactive sources have been widely used for decades to benefit humankind; industry food; health, etc. However, the malicious use of radiological sources poses a significant threat globally. As Irra... Around the world, radioactive sources have been widely used for decades to benefit humankind; industry food; health, etc. However, the malicious use of radiological sources poses a significant threat globally. As Irradiation facility for research the goal of this paper is to show a case study of application of nuclear security and nuclear security culture code of contact in irradiation facility using cobalt 60. And it will show the necessary work done to achieve the goal of protection of radioactive material and continue working in safe conditions. This objective could not be achieved without the collaboration of all department involved in security and nuclear safety. In this work we applied the nuclear security and nuclear security culture procedures in order to define the type of system used to achieve the global objective in accordance with Global Threat Reduction Program to reduce the threat of a RDD (Radiological Dispersion Device) in collaboration with The United States Department of Energy's NNSA (National Nuclear Security Administration). The objective of this paper is to share a local experience in upgrading security with return of experience in practice and very good collaboration with general direction of national security and all departments involved in security and nuclear safety. 展开更多
关键词 Security nuclear IRradiation safety RADIOLOGICAL cobalt 60.
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The Environmental and Ethical Issues of Nuclear Power and Ionizing Radiation
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作者 Hayrettin Kilic 《Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A)》 2016年第11期580-598,共19页
As we enter the new millennium, population explosion, increasing worldwide energy demands and rapid global increase in ionizing radiation are all now threatening our fragile environment like no other time in known his... As we enter the new millennium, population explosion, increasing worldwide energy demands and rapid global increase in ionizing radiation are all now threatening our fragile environment like no other time in known history. There is an urgent need for research and education to focus on the complex and direct link between ionizing radiation and its irreversible impact on the environment. Hence, nuclear energy and ionizing radiation issues can no longer be viewed in isolation. Historical facts and official reports prove that a code of ethics did not previously exist in nuclear industry: the risks of ionizing radiation are too great and unpredictable. Elimination of existing man-made ionizing radiation sources in this century is untenable and unsustainable. The intent of this paper is to review and demonstrate that 'Atoms for Peace' is a false and unethical enterprise, and offers insights into the social and ethical aspects of ionizing radiation as a result of nuclear power development. The unethical nature of nuclear weapons, along with risk perception and ethical dilemmas of atom for peace, nuclear weapon tests, the International Atomic Energy Agency, the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, the International Court of Justice's opinion and the World Economic Forum-Global Risk Landscape will be discussed. 展开更多
关键词 nuclear energy ethical issues ionizing radiation.
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Holistic Approach to Safety and Operational Stability: Analyzing VVER-1200 Reactor Dynamics in SGTR and AC Power Loss
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作者 Shaon Md Tariqur Rahman Md. Sadman Anjum Joarder +2 位作者 Antor Mahamudul Hashan Sharon Md Mahabubur Rahman Redar Hameed Ali 《Journal of Power and Energy Engineering》 2024年第9期102-130,共29页
VVER-1200 (Water-Water Energetic Reactor) represents a significant advancement in nuclear power generation, emphasizing the continuous analysis and enhancement of safety systems for reliable operation. The proposed st... VVER-1200 (Water-Water Energetic Reactor) represents a significant advancement in nuclear power generation, emphasizing the continuous analysis and enhancement of safety systems for reliable operation. The proposed study focuses on simulating combined scenarios involving steam generator tube rupture (SGTR) and AC power loss using core algorithms and models within personal computer transient analyzer (PCTRAN). Reactor kinetic equations, thermal-hydraulic balance, and safety system models are discussed to elucidate their role in simulating SGTR and AC power loss. Safety criteria, boundaries and initial conditions are outlined to provide a comprehensive understanding of the simulation framework. The analysis delves into dynamic behavior of VVER-1200, placing emphasis on thermal-hydraulic implications, essential reactor parameters, and radiation monitoring to facilitate impact evaluation. Continuous monitoring and maintenance of safety systems are underscored to ensure stable core cooling, particularly during proposed transient conditions. Through meticulous analysis and comparison with established benchmarks, this study contributes to bolstering the safety and reliability of VVER-1200 reactors by identifying vulnerabilities, assessing mitigation strategies, and refining emergency response protocols. Practical implications of this study offer a crucial understanding of reactor behavior, safety system performance, and emergency response strategies, thereby improving safety, optimizing operational practices, and reducing risks in nuclear reactor accidents. 展开更多
关键词 VVER-1200 nuclear Technology safety Systems Operational Efficiency Transient Events
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RIKEN Nishina Center's Response to the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Disaster: Radiation Screening at Fukushima, How We Dealt with the Electrical Power Shortage and Other Hardships
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作者 Tadashi Fujinawa 《Journal of Physical Science and Application》 2013年第1期38-45,共8页
A large magnitude-9.0 earthquake struck northeast Japan on March 11, 2011. Thirty minutes later, a tsunami reached Tokyo Electric Power Corporation (TEPCO)'s Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station, and the emergen... A large magnitude-9.0 earthquake struck northeast Japan on March 11, 2011. Thirty minutes later, a tsunami reached Tokyo Electric Power Corporation (TEPCO)'s Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station, and the emergency diesel generators submerged under water. Three units of the reactor experienced meltdown, and hydrogen explosions occurred at reactor houses. The RIKEN Nishina Center (RNC) contributed to the radiation screening effort by providing human resources, instruments, and transportation. The RNC also carried out extraction work and sample tests for soil contamination. Last summer, RIKEN was legally required to save 15% (equivalent to 3.3 MW) of its allocated electricity in its contract, making it extremely difficult to conduct experiments using accelerators. Accelerator operation was thus reduced to a minimum during the first half of the year. The RNC has a gas-turbine-based co-generation system (CGS) with an electrical capacity of 6.5 MW. The CGS was operated non-stop until the end of the year. RIKEN is constructing two sets of CGSs, each with a capacity of 1.5 MW to be commissioned this autumn. 展开更多
关键词 nuclear disaster radiation screening power shortage co-generation system.
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6-22 Radiation Safety Report of HIRFL in 2014
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作者 Su Youwu Xu Junkui +5 位作者 Li Zongqiang Mao Wang Li Wuyuan Xu Chong Yan Weiwei Pang Chengguo 《IMP & HIRFL Annual Report》 2014年第1期273-274,共2页
The total operation time of HIRFL is 7 272 h in 2014, and the user beam time is about 4 964.5 h(from 21stDec.2013 to 21st Dec. 2014). 3 749 h for physics experiment, 332 h for life science research, 883.5 h for materi... The total operation time of HIRFL is 7 272 h in 2014, and the user beam time is about 4 964.5 h(from 21stDec.2013 to 21st Dec. 2014). 3 749 h for physics experiment, 332 h for life science research, 883.5 h for materialscience and single particle effect research, and 235 h for machine research. There are 24 heavy ions beams wereprovided by HIRFL in 2014. The highest ions energy provided is 487 MeV/u, and the maximum accumulated ionintensity is 1 000 A. 展开更多
关键词 radiation safety REPORT
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