Isoflavone Attenuates the Nuclear Transcription Factor Kappa B (NF-<i>κ</i>B) Activation on MPP⁺-Induced Apoptosis of PC12 Cells

Objective: To explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of cellular response to the challenge by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced apoptosis of PC12 cells, an in vitro cell model for Parkinson’s disease, and the effect of NF-κB activation on the protection of Parkinson’s disease by Isoflavone (I). Methods: PC12 cells were used to establish the cell model of Parkinson’s disease, and are divided into five groups: control group;MPP+ group;I (Isoflavone) + MPP+ group;I group;SN-50 + MPP+ group. The content of NF-κB in PC12 cells was determined by immunocytochemistry;The viability of PC12 cells after treated with cell-permeable NF-κB inhibitor SN-50 and cell viability were measured by MTT assay;the expression levels of NF-κB p65 in cytoplasm and nuclear fractions were evaluated by western blot analysis;the mRNA expression of NF-κB p65 was analyzed by in situ hybridization (ISH). Results: Compared with the control group, the protein of NF-κB p65 both in cytoplasm and in nuclei was significantly higher than in I + MPP+ and MPP+ groups;similarly, the mRNA expression level of NF-κB p65 gene was also significantly higher;moreover, the protein expression of NF-κB p65 was much lower in I group (P + group, the protein of NF-κB p65 was significantly lower in I + MPP+ group, the mRNA expression level of NF-κB p65 gene was also significantly lower, and the protein expression level of NF-κB p65 was much lower in I + MPP+ group (P + group (P > 0.05). Conclusion: NF-κB activation is essential to MPP+-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells;but Isoflavone can inhibit the cell damage to some extent to execute its protective function, which may be involved in nigral neurodegeneration in patients with Parkinson’s disease.

A Nonradioactive Method for Detecting DNA-binding Activity of Nuclear Transcription Factors

To determine the feasibility of a nonradioactive electrophoresis mobility shift assay for detecting nuclear transcription factor, double-stranded oligonucleotides encoding the consensus target sequence of NF-κB were labled with DIG by terminal transferase After nuclear protein stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or PMA and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) electrophoresed on 8 % nondenaturing poliacrylamide gel together with oligeonucleotide probe, they were electro-blotted nylon membrane positively charged Anti-DIG-AP antibody catalyzed chemiluminescent substrate CSPD to image on X-film The results showed that nuclear proteins binded specifically to the NF-κB consensus sequence in the EMSA by chemiluminescent technique method and the activity of NF-κB in PMA group was more than that in PMA+PDTC group It is suggested that detection of NF-κB by EMSA with chemiluminescent technique is feasible and simple, which can be performed in ordinary laboratories

Delayed hepatocarcinogenesis through antiangiogenic intervention in the nuclear factor-kappa B activation pathway in rats

BACKGROUND: The active form of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) is involved in the initiation, generation, and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and is up-regulated in inflammation-associated malignancies. We investigated the dynamic expression of NF-kappa B and its influences on the occurrence of HCC through antiangiogenic (thalidomide) intervention in NF-kappa B activation. METHODS : Hepatoma models were induced with 2-fluorenylacetamide (2-FAA, 0.05%) in male Sprague-Dawley rats, and thalidomide (100 mg/kg body weight) was administered intragastrically to intervene in NF-kappa B activation. The pathological changes in the liver of sacrificed rats were assessed after hematoxylin and eosin staining. NF-kappa B mRNA was amplified by RT-nested PCR. The alterations of NF-kappa B and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting. RESULTS: Rat hepatocytes showed denatured, precancerous, and cancerous stages in hepatocarcinogenesis, with an increasing tendency of hepatic NF-kappa B, NF-kappa B mRNA, and VEGF expression, and their values in the HCC group were higher than those in controls (P<0.001). In the thalidomide-treated group, the morphologic changes generated only punctiform denaturation and necrosis at the early or middle stages, and nodular hyperplasia or a little atypical hyperplasia at the final stages, with the expression of NF-kappa B (chi(2)=9.93, P<0.001) and VEGF (chi(2)=8.024, P<0.001) lower than that in the 2-FAA group. CONCLUSION: NF-kappa B is overexpressed in hepatocarcinogenesis and antiangiogenic treatment down-regulates the expression of NF-kappa B and VEGF, and delays the occurrence of HCC. (Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2010; 9: 169-174)

Testosterone alleviates tumor necrosis factor-alpha-mediated tissue factor pathway inhibitor downregulation via suppression of nuclear factor-kappa B in endothelial cells

We have observed earlier that testosterone at physiological concentrations can stimulate tissue factor pathway inhibitor(TFPI)gene expression through the androgen receptor in endothelial cells.This study further investigated the impact of testosterone on TFPI levels in response to inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α).Cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells were incubated in the presence or absence of testosterone or TNF-α.TFPI protein and mRNA levels were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.To study the cellular mechanism of testosterone’s action,nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)translocation was confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assays.We found that after NF-κB was activated by TNF-α,TFPI protein levels declined significantly by 37.3%compared with controls(P<0.001),and the mRNA levels of TFPI also decreased greatly(P<0.001).A concentration of 30 nmol L-1 testosterone increased the secretion of TFPI compared with the TNF-α-treated group.NF-κB DNA-binding activity was significantly suppressed by testosterone(P<0.05).This suggests that physiological testosterone concentrations may exert their antithrombotic effects on TFPI expression during inflammation by downregulating NF-κB activity.

五味子乙素通过TLR4/NF-κB信号通路对急性胰腺炎大鼠肺部损伤的影响

目的:探讨五味子乙素通过Toll样受体4(TLR4)/核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)信号通路对急性胰腺炎(AP)大鼠肺部损伤的影响。方法:取SD大鼠,通过胆胰管内逆行注射5%牛磺胆酸钠方法诱导建立AP肺损伤模型,经随机数表法分为模型组、五味子乙素组、TLR4过表达载体组、TLR4空载组、五味子乙素+TLR4过表达载体组,每组12只大鼠,再取12只SD大鼠仅翻动肠管不注射5%牛磺胆酸钠,作为假手术组。以药物分别干预大鼠后,检测各组大鼠肺功能及各组大鼠腹水量与肺组织湿重/干重(W/D);HE染色检测各组大鼠肺组织病理形态并评分;检测各组大鼠动脉血气;全自动生化分析仪检测大鼠血清淀粉酶,ELISA检测炎症细胞因子IL-6、IL-18水平;蛋白免疫印迹法检测肺组织TLR4/NF-κB通路蛋白表达;免疫组织化学染色检测肺组织TLR4蛋白表达。结果:与假手术组相比,模型组大鼠肺组织出现病理损伤改变,模型组大鼠MV、PEF、PaO_(2)、OI显著降低(P<0.05),Ri、腹水量与W/D、PaCO_(2)、Holfbauer评分、血清淀粉酶、IL-6与IL-18水平、肺组织TLR4阳性细胞比例、TLR4与MYD88蛋白表达、p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65水平显著升高(P<0.05)。与模型组、五味子乙素+TLR4过表达载体组分别相比,五味子乙素组大鼠肺组织病理损伤改变程度均减轻,MV、PEF、PaO_(2)、OI均升高(P<0.05),Ri、腹水量与W/D、PaCO_(2)、Holfbauer评分、血清淀粉酶、IL-6与IL-18水平、肺组织TLR4阳性细胞比例、TLR4与MYD88蛋白表达、p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65水平均降低(P<0.05);TLR4过表达载体组大鼠肺组织病理损伤改变程度均加重,MV、PEF、PaO_(2)、OI均降低(P<0.05),Ri、腹水量与W/D、PaCO_(2)、Holfbauer评分、血清淀粉酶、IL-6与IL-18水平、肺组织TLR4阳性细胞比例、TLR4与MYD88蛋白表达、p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65水平均升高(P<0.05)。与模型组相比,TLR4空载组大鼠各指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:五味子乙素可通过下调TLR4/NF-κB信号通路,抑制炎症,减轻AP大鼠肺部损伤,修复肺功能。

中药单体治疗脊髓损伤后神经炎症:核转录因子κB信号通路的作用

背景:基于核转录因子κB通路探究神经炎症的靶向治疗越来越值得探究,中药靶点多、范围广、机制丰富及不良反应少等优点在治疗各类疾病时都具有十分巨大的潜力。目的:基于核转录因子κB信号通路,对近年研究中出现的山奈酚、红花黄、汉黄芩苷及雷公藤甲素等中药单体治疗脊髓损伤后神经炎症的研究进展进行系统的阐述与归纳。方法:以“脊髓损伤,炎症,抗炎,中药单体,单体化合物,NF-κB信号通路,黄酮,糖苷,酚类,酯类,生物碱”为检索词在中国知网数据库中进行检索;以“Spinal cord injury,inflammation,anti-inflammatory,traditional Chinese medicine monomer,monomeric compound,NF-κB signaling pathway,flavonoids,glycosides,phenols,esters,alkaloids”为检索词在PubMed数据库中进行检索,最终共纳入67篇文献进行综述分析。结果与结论:①核转录因子κB信号通路在神经系统中的作用复杂多样,能够调控中性粒细胞、小胶质细胞、星形胶质细胞和巨噬细胞等,介导损伤后炎症的发生与发展;②中药单体如汉黄芩苷对核转录因子κB抑制蛋白的降解、红花黄素对核转录因子κB信号通路磷酸化过程的抑制、山奈酚对核转录因子κB信号通路p65核易位的抑制等作用可以降低炎症反应对机体造成的影响,从而促进神经功能恢复;③核转录因子κB信号通路在损伤早期能够促进炎症反应和免疫细胞迁移活化,在损伤中后期能够促进损伤部位的修复和纤维化的发生等,适当的激活核转录因子κB信号通路具有促进炎症因子的释放、提高细胞的抗氧化能力及促进免疫细胞的活化等能力,但过度激活的核转录因子κB信号通路则容易导致慢性炎症的发生和持续、细胞凋亡受到抑制等;④未来的研究可以进一步探索如何准确调控核转录因子κB信号通路的活化水平、如何实现对神经系统炎症和损伤的精准干预展开,也可围绕中药单体的制备及中药单体对信号通路的作用机制展开,以期为神经系统疾病的康复和功能恢复提供更有效的治疗策略。

Apigenin ameliorates imiquimod-induced psoriasis in C57BL/6J mice by inactivating STAT3 and NF-κB

Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune disease featured by patches on the skin.It is caused by malfunction of immune cells and keratinocytes with inflammation as one of its key features.Apigenin(API)is a natural flavonoid with anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties.Therefore,we speculated that API can ameliorate psoriasis,and determined its effect on the development of psoriasis by using imiquimod(IMQ)-induced psoriasis mouse model.Our results showed that API attenuated IMQ-induced phenotypic changes,such as erythema,scaling and epidermal thickening,and improved splenic hyperplasia.Abnormal differentiation of immune cells was restored in API-treated mice.Mechanistically,we revealed that API is a key regulator of signal transducer activator of transcription 3(STAT3).API regulated immune responses by reducing interleukin-23(IL-23)/STAT3/IL-17A axis.Moreover,it suppressed IMQ-caused cell hyperproliferation by inactivating STAT3 through regulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)pathway.Furthermore,API reduced expression of inflammatory cytokines through inactivation of NF-κB.Taken together,our study demonstrates that API can ameliorate psoriasis and may be considered as a strategy for psoriasis treatment.

山姜素调控PI3K/Akt/NF-κB信号通路对冠心病大鼠心肌损伤的影响

目的:探讨山姜素调控磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(Akt)/核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)信号通路对冠心病(CHD)大鼠心肌损伤的影响。方法:选取健康成年SPF级SD雄性大鼠60只,随机分为空白组、模型组、山姜素小剂量组、山姜素中剂量组、山姜素高剂量组各12只,采用Western blot法检测大鼠PI3K/Akt/NF-κB信号通路蛋白表达,采用ELISA法检测大鼠炎症因子指标[肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)、白介素-18(IL-18)]和氧化应激指标[活性氧(ROS)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、丙二醛(MDA)],观察并记录大鼠心肌损伤情况。结果:与空白组比较,模型组的心肌缺血和心肌梗死面积更大(P<0.05),与模型组比较,山姜素小、中、高剂量组的心肌缺血和心肌梗死面积均缩小(P<0.05),且高剂量组的心肌缺血和心肌梗死面积小于山姜素中、小剂量组,中剂量组心肌缺血和心肌梗死面积小于山姜素小剂量组(P<0.05)。与空白组比较,模型组的PI3K、Akt、NF-κB更高(P<0.05),与模型组比较,山姜素小、中、高剂量组的PI3K、Akt、NF-κB均升高(P<0.05),且高剂量组的PI3K、Akt、NF-κB高于山姜素中、小剂量组,中剂量组PI3K、Akt、NF-κB高于山姜素小剂量组(P<0.05)。与空白组比较,模型组的TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-18更高(P<0.05),与模型组比较,山姜素小、中、高剂量组的TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-18均降低(P<0.05),且山姜素高剂量组的TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-18低于中、小剂量组,山姜素中剂量组的TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-18低于山姜素小剂量组(P<0.05)。与空白组比较,模型组的ROS、GSH-Px、MDA更高(P<0.05),与模型组比较,山姜素小、中、高剂量组的ROS、GSH-Px、MDA均降低(P<0.05),且山姜素高剂量组ROS、GSH-Px、MDA低于山姜素中、小剂量组,山姜素中剂量组的ROS、GSH-Px、MDA低于山姜素小剂量组(P<0.05)。结论:山姜素可通过调控PI3K/Akt/NF-κB信号通路改善CHD大鼠心肌炎症和氧化应激状况,进而发挥心肌保护作用。

红景天苷通过NF-κB/Bcl-2信号通路对重症肺炎大鼠肺血管内皮细胞凋亡及IL-23、Th17表达的影响

目的:探讨红景天苷通过核转录因子(NF-κB)/B淋巴细胞瘤2(Bcl-2)信号通路对重症肺炎大鼠肺血管内皮细胞(PVECs)凋亡及白介素-23(IL-23)、辅助性T细胞17(Th17)表达的影响。方法:将50只大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、红景天苷组、抑制剂组、红景天苷+抑制剂组五组,每组10只。除假手术组外,均建立重症肺炎大鼠模型。造模成功后红景天苷组大鼠腹腔注射红景天苷(100 mg/kg);抑制剂组大鼠腹腔注射NF-κB抑制剂喹唑啉化合物(EVP4593)(5 mg/kg);红景天苷+抑制剂组大鼠腹腔注射红景天苷(200 mg/kg)+EVP4593(3 mg/kg);假手术组、模型组腹腔注射等容积的0.9%氯化钠溶液。所有大鼠持续干预7 d后使用酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA法)检测各组大鼠血清中白介素(IL)-17、IL-23,流式细胞术检测血清中Th17细胞比例,HE染色观察肺组织病理形态,免疫印记检测大鼠肺组织中NF-κB/Bcl-2蛋白表达。取肺组织进行PVECs培养并检测第2代PVECs的增殖率及凋亡率。结果:与假手术组相比,各建模组大鼠血清中IL-23、IL-17、Th17细胞比例,肺组织中NF-κB/Bcl-2蛋白表达以及PVECs凋亡率均明显升高,PVECs增殖率明显降低(P<0.05),肺组织病变严重;与模型组相比,红景天苷组、抑制剂组、红景天苷+抑制剂组大鼠血清中IL-23、IL-17、Th17细胞比例,肺组织中NF-κB/Bcl-2蛋白表达以及PVECs凋亡率均明显降低,PVECs增殖率明显升高(P<0.05),肺组织病变有所好转;与红景天苷组、抑制剂组相比,红景天苷+抑制剂组大鼠血清中IL-23、IL-17、Th17细胞比例,肺组织中NF-κB/Bcl-2蛋白表达以及PVECs凋亡率均明显降低,PVECs增殖率明显升高(P<0.05),肺组织形态基本恢复正常;红景天苷组与抑制剂组相比,血清中IL-23、IL-17、Th17细胞比例、肺组织中NF-κB/Bcl-2蛋白表达、PVECs凋亡/增殖率以及肺组织形态差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:红景天苷可通过降低NF-κB/Bcl-2水平调节重症肺炎大鼠IL-23/Th17平衡,并有效抑制PVECs凋亡。

EFFECT OF OXIDIZED-LDL ON NF-κB NUCLEAR TRANSLOCATION IN AORTIC SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS ORIGINATED FROM RATS OF DIFFERENT AGES

Objective To investigate the molecular mechanism of atherosclerosis that related to age. Methods Immunohistochemistry staining and Western blot were adopted to determine the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and expression of platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGF-B) in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) co-cultured with low density lipoprotein (LDL), oxidized LDL (ox-LDL), and ox-LDL+high density lipoprotein (HDL) originated from rats of 2 and 10 months old respectively. Fat stain was used to identify the lipid intake in SMCs. Results The optimal stimulation time of ox-LDL to SMCs was 12 hours. NF-κB intensity increased in most nuclei of SMCs that originated from rats of either 2 or 10 months old co-cultured with ox-LDL. The intensity of NF-κB and the amount of intracellular lipid taken in SMCs were more obvious in cells from 10-month-old rats than from the younger ones. Change of PDGF-B expression in SMCs was not remarkable in each group of rats. Conclusions The 10-month-old rats are more susceptive to ox-LDL than 2-month-old rats in activating nuclear transloca- tion of NF-κB. Maybe this is one of the important reasons contributing to the difference between the older and younger rats on the initiation and development of atherosclerosis lesion. Expression of PDGF-B is not associated with the activity of nuclear translocation of NF-κB.

Nuclear Factor kappa B p65 Expression in Mouse Cochlea

Nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB) is one of the best-characterized transcription factors playing important roles in many cellular responses to a large variety of stimuli,including inflammatory cytokines, phorbol esters, growth factors, and bacterial and viral products. The aim of this study is to demonstrate NF-κB expression in the mouse cochlea and its enhancement in response to lipopolysaccharides(LPS) and kanamycin(KA) treatment. Methods KA treatment consisted of subcutaneous KA injections at 700 mg/kg twice a day with an eight-hour interval between the two injections for 3 or 7 days. For animals in the LPS treatment group, a single dose of 0.3 mg LPS dissolved in 0.2 ml sterile saline were injected into both bullae through the tympanic membrane and kept there for 3 hours. Animals in the control group received subcutaneous saline injection for 7 days. Following immmunohistochemichal processing with rabbit polyclonal anti-NF-κB p65 antibodies, cryosections of the cochlea were examined for expression of NF-κB p65 in various structures in the cochlea. Results NF-κB p65 expression, identified by presence of brown reaction products characteristic of DAB immunohistochemistry, was visible in the spiral ligament, spiral prominence, tectorial membrane(TM), spiral ganglion and nerve fibers. Relatively weak NF-κB p65 expression was also visualized in the organ of Corti. Within the organ of Corti, the inner hair cells(IHC), outer hair cells(OHC), inner pillar cells(IP), outer pillar cells (OP), Deiter’s cells(DC), and Boettcher’s cells exhibited stronger staining than the inner sulcus cells, Hensen’s cells(HC) and Claudius’cells. No NF-κB p65 expression was seen in the nucleus of the IHC and OHC. NF-κB p65 expression was increased in animals exposed to LPS or KA, demonstrating significant differences in the staining between control animals and LPS/KA-treated animals. NF-κB p65 expression was not significantly different between LPS treated and KA treated animals or between 3 and 7 days in KA-treated animals. Conclusion LPS and KA exposure increases expression of NF-κB p65 in the mouse cochlea.

siRNA阻断NF-κB信号通路抑制胃癌SGC-7901细胞的增殖及侵袭

目的采用RNA干扰(RNA interference,RNAi)技术下调胃癌细胞株SGC-7901中NF-κB p65基因的表达,探讨其对肿瘤细胞增殖活性和侵袭能力的影响。方法利用阳离子脂质体LipofectamineTM2000将化学合成的人NF-κB p65的小干扰RNA(small interference RNA,siRNA)转染入胃癌细胞株SGC-7901中。采用RT-PCR法测定细胞内NF-κB p65mRNA的表达;酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)检测NF-κB亚单位p65的DNA结合活性的改变;采用MTT法测定细胞增殖活性的变化;利用Transwell侵袭实验检测细胞体外侵袭能力的变化。结果与对照组比较,化学合成的人NF-κB p65siRNA能有效地抑制SGC-7901细胞中NF-κB p65mRNA的表达(P<0.05);RelAsiRNA组的p65亚单位与DNA结合活性明显低于对照组(P<0.05),并且RelA siRNA组中SGC-7901细胞的体外侵袭力减弱,增殖活性降低。结论特异的siRNA可以有效阻断NF-κB信号通路,影响人胃癌细胞的增殖活性和体外侵袭能力。

NF-κB/IκB信号通路在乙型肝炎病毒相关性肾炎肾组织中的表达

目的探讨核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)/IκB在乙型肝炎病毒相关性肾炎(HBVGN)肾组织中的表达及其在HBVGN发病机制中的可能作用。方法采用免疫组化染色法,检测42例HBVGN、20例原发性膜性肾病及5例正常肾组织中NF-κBp65、IκB-α蛋白的表达。结果NF-κBp65蛋白在HB-VGN组织中的表达,明显高于在原发性膜性肾病(P<0.01)及正常肾组织(P<0.05)中的表达,且细胞核和细胞质中都可检测到NF-κBp65的表达;相反IκB-α在HBVGN组织中的表达低于原发性膜性肾病肾组织(P<0.05)。结论HBVGN肾组织可能有IκB-α蛋白降解及NF-κB核转移。NF-κB/IκB可能参与了肾组织的病理损害过程。

薯蓣皂苷片含药血清对IL-17和TNF-α诱导大鼠滑膜细胞株RSC-364NF-κB p65、STAT3及VEGF影响的实验研究

目的观察薯蓣皂苷片含药血清对白细胞介素-17(interieukin-17,IL-17)联合肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)诱导大鼠滑膜细胞株(rat synovial cell-364,RSC-364)核转录因子-κB(nuclear factor of kappaB,NF-κB)、信号转导子和转录激活因子3(signal transducer and activator of transcription3,STAT3)及血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)表达的影响,探讨薯蓣皂苷片抑制类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)血管新生可能的作用机制。方法实验设空白对照组、细胞模型组、薯蓣皂苷片含药血清组、雷公藤多苷片(阳性对照)含药血清组。制备薯蓣皂苷片和雷公藤多苷片含药血清;用IL-17和TNF-α联合刺激RSC-364建立RA细胞模型,薯蓣皂苷片与雷公藤多苷片含药血清分别进行干预,应用TransAMTMNF-κB p65活性检测试剂盒检测NF-κB p65的DNA结合活性,应用Western blot方法观察STAT3蛋白的表达及应用实时荧光定量PCR方法观察VEGF mRNA表达。结果与空白对照组比较,IL-17和TNF-α联合诱导的细胞模型组核蛋白提取物中NF-κB p65DNA结合活性、STAT3蛋白表达及VEGF mRNA表达均显著增高(P<0.01,P<0.05);与模型组比较,薯蓣皂苷片含药血清组、雷公藤多苷片含药血清组NF-κB p65的DNA结合活性、STAT3蛋白表达及VEGF mRNA表达均显著降低(P<0.01,P<0.05)。薯蓣皂苷片含药血清组与雷公藤多苷片含药血清组组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论薯蓣皂苷片可能通过抑制NF-κB信号转导通路中NF-κB p65的活性和酪氨酸蛋白激酶家族Janus kinase(JAK)-信号转导子和转录激活因子信号转导通路中STAT3蛋白表达来抑制VEGF mRNA表达,从而起到抑制RA血管新生的作用。

N-乙酰半胱氨酸对非酒精性脂肪肝病大鼠肝组织NF-κB和TNF-α表达的影响

目的:探讨核转录因子-κB(nuclear factor-kappa B,NF-κB)及肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)在非酒精性脂肪性肝病(nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)发病机制中的作用及N-乙酰半胱氨酸(N-acetylcysteine,NAC)的疗效。方法:高脂饮食12周构建NAFLD大鼠模型,模型构建成功后分为NAC低、中、高剂量组、多烯磷脂酰胆碱组和模型组。药物干预12周后,检测肝组织NF-κB、TNF-α蛋白和含量表达情况,检测血清天门冬氨酸转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、胆固醇(CHOL)、甘油三酯(TG)、空腹血糖(GLU)表达水平和观察大鼠肝脏病理学改变情况。结果:与正常组比较,模型组NF-κB、TNF-α、AST、ALT、CHOL、TG、GLU水平显著升高(P<0.05),肝脏病理学检查显示炎症改变和脂肪变性。NAC干预后,与模型组比较,药物组NF-κB、TNF-α、AST、ALT、CHOL、TG、GLU水平显著下降,肝脏病理脂肪变、炎症坏死程度减轻,NAC高剂量组改善最明显。结论:在NAFLD大鼠模型中肝组织NF-κB、TNF-α表达增高,而NAC可能是通过下调NF-κB、TNF-α的表达,起到抗炎作用,从而改善肝脏组织病理学改变。

IL-18对大鼠分泌性中耳炎中耳NF-κB及Th2/Th1平衡的影响

目的探讨白细胞介素18(interleukin-18,IL-18)对分泌性中耳炎(otitis media with effusion,OME)大鼠中耳微环境中核转录因子(nuclear transcription factors kappa B,NF-κB)及T辅助细胞(T helper cell,T helper cell)Th2/Th1细胞免疫平衡的影响。方法 18只SD大鼠,随机分为OME模型组(A组)、IL-18干预组(B组)和正常对照组(C组)每组各6只(12耳)。A组和B组以卵清蛋白(ovalbumin,OVA)腹腔注射致敏后以OVA耳内激发制成OME模型,C组耳内激发以磷酸盐缓冲液(phosphate Buffered Saline,PBS)替代OVA。IL-18干预组大鼠,于OVA全身致敏及耳内激发的同时,在第1、2、7、8、15、16d给予重组大鼠IL-18 1μg加生理盐水0.2ml腹腔注射,对照组和OME模型组在相同时间点腹腔注射生理盐水0.2ml替代IL-18。采用HE染色切片观察各组大鼠中耳炎症细胞的变化,免疫组化染色检测中耳黏膜和骨髓腔中IL-4、IFN-γ、NF-κB p65的表达。结果 B组中耳Th1型细胞因子IFN-γ含量较A组明显增高(P﹥0.05),Th2型细胞因子IL-4含量较A组稍有增高(P﹥0.05),A组和B组IL-4含量均明显高于C组(P﹥0.05);Th2/Th1比值A与B组比较差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05),但A组比值明显高于C组(P﹥0.05);NF-κB p65蛋白在中耳黏膜和骨髓腔中表达三组间存在显著差异(P﹥0.05),B组NF-κB p65阳性细胞比率明显多于A组(P﹥0.05),而A组明显多于C组(P﹥0.05)。IL-18干预后OME大鼠中耳微环境中编码炎症介质基因表达的转录因子NF-κB活性明显增强,Th细胞过度活化,细胞因子过度分泌,其中IFN-γ合成显著增高,而IL-4合成也出现一定程度的增高,虽然一定程度上纠正了OME大鼠中耳微环境中的Th2/Th1免疫偏移,但是中耳变应性炎症并未得到根本缓解。结论 IL-18对Th1和Th2细胞存在双向调节作用参与OME大鼠中耳变应性炎症反应:一方面,刺激Th1细胞活化;另一方面,持续维系Th2过度反应,其机制之一可能与IL-18增强了大鼠中耳组织中NF-κB的活性有关。

COX-2、PPARγ和NF-κB p65在溃疡性结肠炎组织中的表达及意义

目的:探讨COX-2、PPARγ和NF-κB p65在溃疡性结肠炎(UC)发病机制中的作用及相互关系.方法:选择华西医院消化科确诊的32例UC患者和26例健康体检者或结肠单发息肉切除术后复查肠镜检查正常者,按Baron评分标准进行内镜分级;按Riley-Mani-goodman分类方法进行病理学分级.采用免疫组织化学SP法检测活动期溃疡性结肠炎内镜活检标本和正常对照石蜡包埋组织中COX-2、PPARγ和NF-κB p65的表达情况.结果:32例UC患者按Riley-Mani-goodman方法进行病理学分级Ⅰ级19例,Ⅱ级9例,Ⅲ级4例.UC组结肠黏膜炎症组织COX-2、NF-κBp65蛋白均为阳性表达,主要分布于上皮细胞,固有层炎性细胞,对照组为阴性或弱阳性表达.二者在UC炎症组织表达高于正常对照组(P<0.05);PPARγ主要表达于结肠上皮细胞的细胞质中,在UC炎症组织表达低于正常对照组(P<0.05).三者在UC组的表达与对照组相比,差异均有非常显著性(P<0.01).COX-2蛋白表达与病理分级无相关;PPARγ蛋白表达与病理分级之间有负相关(H=411,P<0.05).NF-κBp65蛋白表达与病理分级之间存在正相关(H=16.77,P<0.01).COX-2与NF-κB p65蛋白表达正相关(r=0.92,P<0.01),NF-κBp65与PPARγ蛋白表达负相关(r=0.905,P<0.01).结论:NF-κB的诱导参与UC的发生发展,COX-2,PPARγ也参与UC的炎症及损伤过程,COX-2可能通过作用于PPARγ-NF-κB p65信号传导通路,而影响UC炎症的发生发展.COX-2、PPARγ、NF-κB可能作为治疗UC的靶位,在UC治疗中具有重要意义.

黄芪对糖尿病肾病大鼠肾组织COX-2和NF-κB表达的影响

目的:探讨环氧合酶-2(COX-2)和核转录因子κB(NF-κB)在糖尿病肾病大鼠肾组织中的表达及黄芪对其的影响。方法:将大鼠分成正常对照组、糖尿病肾病组、黄芪干预组。12周周末检测血肌酐、尿素氮、尿蛋白定量;应用免疫组化、Western印迹和聚合酶链式反应方法分别检测大鼠肾组织COX-2和NF-κB的表达。结果:与正常对照组相比,糖尿病肾病组大鼠COX-2和NF-κB的基因及蛋白表达升高(均P<0.01)。黄芪干预组大鼠肾组织COX-2和NF-κB的基因及蛋白表达较糖尿病肾病组下调(均P<0.01)。结论:COX-2参与了糖尿病肾病发生发展的病理过程,黄芪治疗糖尿病肾病的作用机制之一是通过下调COX-2的表达从而发挥肾脏保护作用。

幽门螺旋杆菌感染的慢性胃炎胃窦粘膜内NF-κB和TGF-α表达及其意义

目的 探讨幽门螺旋杆菌 (Hp)与慢性胃炎患者胃窦粘膜内NF κB和TGF α表达之间的关系。方法 用免疫细胞化学方法 ,检测Hp+ 和Hp-胃炎患者及正常人的胃窦部活检标本。结果 NF κB和TGF α在正常组胃粘膜内弱表达。在胃炎病人 ,NF κB和TGF α表达增强。特别是在Hp+ 组 ,NF κB和TGF α呈高表达 ,与Hp-组和正常组比较均有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5和P <0 0 1)。此外在G细胞和部分腺上皮的细胞核内也呈高表达。TGF α常以颗粒状的特征位于腺上皮细胞核上区而且高表达。结论 NF κB和TGF α的表达在胃炎组增强 ,而且Hp+ 组远高于其他两组。NF κB和TGF α二者的表达平行且成呈正相关。

大承气汤含药血清对内毒素刺激的人支气管上皮细胞表达CAV-1、eNOS及NF-κB的影响

目的观察大承气汤含药血清对内毒素(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)刺激的人支气管上皮细胞(human bronchial epithelial cells,HBECs)表达小凹蛋白-1(caveolin-1、CAV-1),内皮型一氧化氮合酶(endothelial nitric oxide synthase,eNOS)及核转录因子κB(nuclear transcription factor-kappa B,NF-κB)的影响。方法制备大承气汤及大承气汤含药血清。将体外培养的HBECs分为7组进行处理(正常血清组,单纯LPS干预组,低剂量大承气汤含药血清组,中剂量大承气汤含药血清组,高剂量大承气汤含药血清组,西药对照组,空白血清对照组),采用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)比色法、Real-timePCR、免疫细胞化学及Westernblot法检测不同剂量的大承气汤含药血清对内毒素刺激HBECs表达CAV-1、eNOS及NF-κBmRNA水平及蛋白的影响。结果正常血清组HBECs有基础量的CAV-1、eNOS及NF-κBmRNA及蛋白的表达,经LPS刺激后,单纯干预组CAV-1、eNOS及NF-κBmRNA及蛋白表达较正常血清组显著增加(P<0.01),而不同剂量大承气汤含药血清均可抑制CAV-1、eNOS及NF-κBmRNA及蛋白表达。结论大承气汤含药血清能抑制LPS刺激的HBECs中CAV-1、eNOS及NF-κB的表达。