Helicobacter pylori tumor necrosis factor-α inducing protein promotes cytokine expression via nuclear factor-κB

AIM:To study the effects of Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori)tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF)inducing protein (Tip-α)on cytokine expression and its mechanism. METHODS:We cloned Tip-αfrom the H.pylori strain 26695,transformed Escherichia coli with an expression plasmid,and then confirmed the expression product by Western blotting.Using different concentrations of Tip-αthat affected SGC7901 and GES-1 cells at different times,we assessed cytokine levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.We blocked SGC7901 cells with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate(PDTC),a specific inhibitor of nuclear factorκB(NF-κB).We then detected interleukin(IL)-1βand TNF-αlevels in SGC7901 cells. RESULTS:Western blot analysis using an anti-Tip-α antibody revealed a 23-kDa protein,which indicated that recombinant Tip-αprotein was recombined successfully.The levels of IL-1β,IL-8 and TNF-αwere sig-nificantly higher following Tip-αinterference,whether GES-1 cells or SGC-7901 cells were used(P<0.05).However,the levels of cytokines(including IL-1β,IL-8 and TNF-α)secreted by SGC-7901 cells were greater than those secreted by GES-1 cells following treatment with Tip-αat the same concentration and for the same duration(P<0.05).After blocking NF-κB with PDTC, the cells(GES-1 cells and SGC-7901 cells)underwent interference with Tip-α.We found that IL-1βand TNF-αlevels were significantly decreased compared to cells that only underwent Tip-αinterference(P<0.05). CONCLUSION:Tip-αplays an important role in cyto-kine expression through NF-κB.

Nuclear factor κB represses the expression of latent membrane protein 1 in Epstein-Barr virus transformed cells

AIM: To investigate the role of nuclear factor κB(NF-κB) in the regulation of Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) latent membrane protein 1(LMP1) in EBV transformed cells. METHODS: LMP1 expression was examined in EBV transformed human B lymphocytes with modulation of NF-κB activity. RESULTS: EBV infection is associated with several human cancers. EBV LMP1 is required for efficient transformation of adult primary B cells in vitro, and is expressed in several pathogenic stages of EBVassociated cancers. Regulation of EBV LMP1 involves both viral and cellular factors. LMP1 activates NF-κB signaling pathway that is a part of the EBV transformation program. However, the relation between NF-κB and LMP1 expression is not well established yet. In this report, we found that blocking the NF-κB activity by Inhibitor of κB stimulated LMP1 expression, while the overexpression of NF-κB repressed LMP1 expression in EBV-transformed IB4 cells. In addition, LMP1 repressed its own promoter activities in reporter assays, and the repression was associated with the activation of NF-κB. Moreover, NF-κB alone is sufficient to repress LMP1 promoter activities. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest LMP1 may repress its own expression through NF-κB in EBV transformed cells and shed a light on LMP1 regulation during EBV transformation.

Increased Expression and Activity of MMP-9 in C-reactive Protein-induced Human THP-1 Mononuclear Cells Is Related to Activation of Nuclear Factor Kappa-B

The relation between the expression and activity of MMP-9 in C-reactive protein （CRP）-induced human THP-1 mononuclear cells and the activation of nuclear factor kappa-B （NF-κB） was studied to investigate the possible role of CRP in plaque destabilization. Human THP-1 cells were incubated in the presence of CRP at 0 （control group）, 25, 50 and 100 μg/mL （CRP groups） for 24 h. In PDTC （a specific NF-κB inhibitor） group, the cells were pre-treated with PDTC at 10 μmol/L and then with 100 μg/mL CRP. The conditioned media （CM） and human THP-1 cells in different groups were harvested. MMP-9 expression in CM and human THP-1 cells was measured by ELISA and Western blotting. MMP-9 activity was assessed by fluorogenic substrates. The expression of NF-κB inhibitor α （IκB-α） and NF-κB p65 was detected by Western blotting and ELISA respectively. The results showed that CRP increased the expression and activity of MMP-9 in a dose-dependent manner in the human THP-1 cells. Western blotting revealed that IiB-α expression was decreased in the cells with the concentrations of CRP and ELISA demonstrated that NF-κB p65 expression in the CRP-induced cells was increased. After pre-treatment of the cells with PDTC at 10 μmol/L, the decrease in IκB-α expression and the increase in NF-κB p65 expression in the CRP-induced cells were inhibited, and the expression and activity of MMP-9 were lowered too. It is concluded that increased expression and activity of MMP-9 in CRP-induced human THP-1 cells may be associated with activation of NF-κB. Down-regulation of the expression and activity of MMP-9 may be a new treatment alternative for plaque stabilization by inhibiting the NF-κB activation.

NF-κB抑制剂对内毒素休克大鼠高迁移率族蛋白B1表达的影响

目的 观察NF κB抑制剂———二硫氨基甲酸酞吡咯烷(PDTC)对内毒素休克大鼠高迁移率族蛋白B1(HMGB1)mRNA表达的影响。方法 采用内毒素休克模型 ,4 7只大鼠随机分为正常对照组 (n=8)、内毒素休克组(n =2 4 )和PDTC拮抗组 (n=15 ) ,留取肝、肺、肾组织检测HMGB1mRNA表达及相应器官功能指标的变化。结果 内毒素攻击可导致动物肝、肺、肾组织HMGB1mRNA表达广泛上调 ,分别于 2～6h显著增高 (P <0 0 5 ) ,12h呈现进一步升高趋势。PDTC处理后 12h肝、肺、肾组织HMGB1mRNA表达均显著下调 ,其中肾组织于 2～ 12h趋于伤前范围 ;同时 ,血清ALT、AST、BUN、Cr水平于 6h明显降低 (P <0 0 5 ) ,肺组织髓过氧化物酶活性各时相点均显著低于内毒素休克组 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 NF κB抑制剂能显著抑制内毒素休克动物组织HMGB1mRNA的表达 ;NF κB信号转导通路参与了内毒素介导HMGB1基因表达的调控过程 ,并与脓毒症时的多器官功能损害密切相关。

HMGB1和NF-κB p65在非小细胞肺癌组织中的表达及意义

目的探讨高迁移率族蛋白B1(HMGB1)与核转录因子(NF-κB)p65在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)组织中的表达及意义。方法采用免疫组织化学法检测95例NSCLC(NSCLC组)和27例癌旁正常肺组织(对照组)中HMGB1、NF-κB p65蛋白的表达水平,并分析其临床意义。结果 HMGB1蛋白在NSCLC组织中的阳性表达(48.4%)明显高于癌旁正常肺组织(P<0.01);NF-κB p65蛋白在NSCLC癌组织中的阳性表达(44.2%)高于癌旁正常肺组织(22.2%)(P<0.05)。HMGB1和NF-κB p65在转移组的表达显著高于非转移组(P<0.01)。HMGB1和NF-κB p65蛋白在肺癌组织中的表达呈正相关(P<0.05),两者的表达均与NSCLC淋巴结转移有关。结论 HMGB1与NF-κB p65的高表达可能与NSCLC的转移有关。

miR-29a-3p通过靶向HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB信号轴减轻哮喘患儿气道炎症的机制研究

目的 探讨miR-29a-3p通过靶向高迁移率族蛋白1(HMGB1)/toll样受体4(TLR4)/核因子-κB(NF-κB)信号轴减轻哮喘患儿气道炎症的机制。方法 收集52例哮喘患儿与50例健康对照儿童外周血,采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(qPCR)检测血浆miR-29a-3p表达情况,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测血浆中炎症因子水平。使用卵清蛋白构建哮喘大鼠模型,腹腔注射miR-29a-3p激动剂过表达miR-29a-3p,收集一侧支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF),计数总白细胞与嗜酸性粒细胞并检测炎症因子水平,取另一侧肺组织行HE染色观察病理表现。采用双荧光素酶报告基因系统验证miR-29a-3p与HMGB1的靶向关系,并检测HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB信号轴的主要蛋白表达情况。血小板激活因子(PAF)干预人支气管上皮细胞系16HBE模拟哮喘体外模型,通过转染过表达miR-29a-3p与HMGB1,检测细胞HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB信号轴的主要蛋白与炎症因子表达情况。结果 与健康儿童比较,哮喘患儿血浆中miR-29a-3p表达水平显著降低(P<0.05),而炎症因子肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、白细胞介素(IL)-6、IL-1β水平均升高(P<0.05),miR-29a-3p表达水平与TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6水平均呈负相关(P<0.05)。过表达miR-29a-3p能改善哮喘模型大鼠支气管管腔变窄、管壁增厚、支气管及周围血管炎症细胞浸润的现象,显著降低肺组织炎症评分,减少BALF中的总白细胞数与嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)计数,降低炎症因子水平(P<0.05)。经双荧光素酶报告基因系统证实miR-29a-3p能靶向抑制HMGB1,且HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB信号轴的主要蛋白表达水平在哮喘模型中显著增加(P<0.05)。过表达miR-29a-3p可以减少PAF刺激细胞后HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB信号轴的主要蛋白及其调控的炎症因子表达,但过表达HMGB1会抵消这种作用(P<0.05)。结论 miR-29a-3p在哮喘患儿中的表达水平显著降低,与气道炎症水平的升高密切相关,过表达miR-29a-3p可以通过靶向抑制HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB信号轴的主要蛋白表达减轻炎症。

电针阳陵泉等下合穴对急性胆囊炎豚鼠组织高迁移率族蛋白B1的影响

目的观察电针急性胆囊炎(AC)模型豚鼠阳陵泉、足三里、上巨虚、下巨虚后对胆囊组织中高迁移率族蛋白B1(HMGB1)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)及核因子-κB信使核糖核酸(NF-κB mRNA)表达的影响,探究胆囊下合穴——阳陵泉是否在治疗对应腑病方面存在相对特异性。方法 72只健康豚鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、阳陵泉组、足三里组、上巨虚组、下巨虚组共6组,每组12只,雌雄各半。除正常组外,其余豚鼠均手术于胆囊内注射大肠杆菌建立急性胆囊炎豚鼠模型,造模成功并治疗5 d后,取胆囊组织,免疫组化方法检测胆囊高迁移率族蛋白B1(HMGB1)及白介素-1β(IL-1β)的水平,RT-PCR检测NF-κB mRNA的表达。结果 (1)与模型组比:各穴位组NF-κB mRNA表达均较低(P<0.01),阳陵泉组HMGB1、IL-1β含量均较低(P<0.01);(2)与阳陵泉组比:其他各穴位组HMGB1、IL-1β含量及NF-κB mRNA表达均较高(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论 (1)电针胃、肠、胆腑下合穴干预AC其可能的机制是:经电针治疗的AC豚鼠其胆囊组织内HMGB1、IL-1β等炎性因子受到抑制,从而降低了NF-κB信号通路的活化程度,达到缓解胆囊组织炎症的目的;(2)阳陵泉组对AC模型豚鼠的干预效果明显优于足三里、上巨虚、下巨虚穴组,提示电针阳陵泉对AC的治疗具有一定的相对特异性。

下调高迁移率族蛋白B1对宫颈癌细胞侵袭、迁移的影响及机制

目的观察下调高迁移率族蛋白B1(HMGB1)对宫颈癌细胞侵袭、迁移的影响,并探讨其机制。方法将宫颈癌Si Ha细胞随机分成对照组和实验组,分别加入0.01%DMSO和HMGB1抑制剂正丁酸钠0.5 mmol/L作用24 h。采用Transwell小室实验观察两组细胞侵袭、迁移能力,RT-PCR法和Western blotting法检测两组HMGB1及Toll样受体4(TLR4)/核因子-кB(NF-кB)信号通路相关分子[TLR4、NF-кB、整合素av、整合素β3、原肌球蛋白1(TPM1)、丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂(maspin)]、TLR4/PI3K/Akt信号通路相关分子[磷酸化磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(pPI3K)、磷酸化蛋白激酶B(p-Akt)、整合素β1]。结果实验组迁移和侵袭实验中的穿膜细胞数均少于对照组(P均<0.05)。与对照组相比,实验组HMGB1、TLR4、NF-кB p65、整合素av、整合素β3、整合素β1 mRNA和蛋白表达下降,TPM1、maspin mRNA和蛋白表达升高(P均<0.05)。结论在宫颈癌细胞中,下调HMGB1可以通过影响TLR4/NF-кB和TLR4/PI3K/Akt信号通路,促进宫颈癌细胞的侵袭和迁移。

Colony-stimulating factor 3 and its receptor promote leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B2 expression and ligands in gastric

BACKGROUND Colony-stimulating factor 3(CSF3)and its receptor(CSF3R)are known to promote gastric cancer(GC)growth and metastasis.However,their effects on the immune microenvironment remain unclear.Our analysis indicated a potential link between CSF3R expression and the immunosuppressive receptor leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B2(LILRB2)in GC.We hypothesized that CSF3/CSF3R may regulate LILRB2 and its ligands,angiopoietin-like protein 2(ANGPTL2)and human leukocyte antigen-G(HLA-G),contributing to immunosuppression.AIM To investigate the relationship between CSF3/CSF3R and LILRB2,as well as its ligands ANGPTL2 and HLA-G,in GC.METHODS Transcriptome sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas were analyzed,stratifying patients by CSF3R expression.Differentially expressed genes and immune checkpoints were evaluated.Immunohistochemistry(IHC)was performed on GC tissues.Correlation analyses of CSF3R,LILRB2,ANGPTL2,and HLA-G were conducted using The Cancer Genome Atlas data and IHC results.GC cells were treated with CSF3,and expression levels of LILRB2,ANGPTL2,and HLA-G were measured by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting.RESULTS Among 122 upregulated genes in high CSF3R expression groups,LILRB2 showed the most significant increase.IHC results indicated high expression of LILRB2(63.0%),ANGPTL2(56.5%),and HLA-G(73.9%)in GC tissues.Strong positive correlations existed between CSF3R and LILRB2,ANGPTL2,and HLA-G mRNA levels(P<0.001).IHC confirmed positive correlations between CSF3R and LILRB2(P<0.001),and HLA-G(P=0.010),but not ANGPTL2(P>0.05).CSF3 increased LILRB2,ANGPTL2,and HLA-G expression in GC cells.Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1 modulation significantly altered their expression,impacting CSF3’s regulatory effects.CONCLUSION The CSF3/CSF3R pathway may contribute to immunosuppression in GC by upregulating LILRB2 and its ligands,with heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1 playing a regulatory role.

TLR4-HMGB1-, MyD88- and TRIF-dependent signaling in mouse intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury

AIM: To characterize high-mobility group protein 1-toll-like receptor 4(HMGB1-TLR4) and downstream signaling pathways in intestinal ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) injury.METHODS: Forty specific-pathogen-free male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into five groups(n = 8 per group): sham, control, anti-HMGB1, anti-myeloid differentiation gene 88(My D88), and anti-translocatingchain-associating membrane protein(TRIF) antibody groups. Vehicle with the control Ig G antibody, antiHMGB1, anti-My D88, or anti-TRIF antibodies(all 1 mg/kg, 0.025%) were injected via the caudal vein 30 min prior to ischemia. After anesthetization, the abdominal wall was opened and the superior mesenteric artery was exposed, followed by 60 min mesenteric ischemia and then 60 min reperfusion. For the sham group, the abdominal wall was opened for 120 min without I/R. Levels of serum nuclear factor(NF)-κB p65, interleukin(IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α were measured, along with myeloperoxidase activity in the lung and liver. Inaddition,morphologic changes that occurred in the lung and intestinal tissues were evaluated. Levels of m RNA transcripts encoding HMGB1 and NF-κB were measured by real-time quantitative PCR, and levels of HMGB1 and NF-κB protein were measured by Western blot. Results were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance.RESULTS: Blocking HMGB 1, MyD 8 8, and TRIF expression by injecting anti-HMGB1, anti-My D88, or anti-TRIF antibodies prior to ischemia reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines in serum; NF-κB p65: 104.64 ± 11.89, 228.53 ± 24.85, 145.00 ± 33.63, 191.12 ± 13.22, and 183.73 ± 10.81(P < 0.05); IL-6: 50.02 ± 6.33, 104.91 ± 31.18, 62.28 ± 6.73, 85.90 ± 17.37, and 78.14 ± 7.38(P < 0.05); TNF-α, 43.79 ± 4.18, 70.81 ± 6.97, 52.76 ± 5.71, 63.19 ± 5.47, and 59.70 ± 4.63(P < 0.05) for the sham, control, anti-HMGB1, anti-My D88, and anti-TRIF groups, respectively(all in pg/m L).Antibodies also alleviated tissue injury in the lung and small intestine compared with the control group in the mouse intestinal I/R model. The administration of antiHMGB1, anti-My D88, and anti-TRIF antibodies markedly reduced damage caused by I/R, for which anti-HMGB1 antibody had the most obvious effect.CONCLUSION: HMGB1 and its downstream signaling pathway play important roles in the mouse intestinal I/R injury, and the effect of the TRIF-dependent pathway is slightly greater.

Sphingosine kinase 1 dependent protein kinase C-δ activation plays an important role in acute liver failure in mice

AIM: To investigate the role of protein kinase C(PKC)-δ activation in the pathogenesis of acute liver failure(ALF) in a well-characterized mouse model of D-galactosamine(D-Gal N)/lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced ALF.METHODS: BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to five groups, and ALF was induced in mice by intraperitoneal injection of D-Ga IN(600 mg/kg) and LPS(10 μg/kg). Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis. Serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase(AST) levels at different time points within one week were determined using a multiparameteric analyzer. Serum levels of high-mobility group box 1(HMGB1), tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α, interleukin(IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 as well as nuclear factor(NF)-κB activity were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Hepatic morphological changes at 36 h after ALF induction were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Expression of PKC-δ in liver tissue and peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) was analyzed by Western blot.RESULTS: The expression and activation of PKC-δ were up-regulated in liver tissue and PBMCs of mice with D-Gal N/LPS-induced ALF. Inhibition of PKC-δ activation with rottlerin significantly increased the survival rates and decreased serum ALT/AST levels at 6, 12 and 24 h compared with the control group(P < 0.001). Rottlerin treatment also significantly decreased serum levels of HMGB1 at 6, 12, and 24 h, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1 β at 12 h compared with the control group(P < 0.01). The inflammatory cell infiltration and necrosis in liver tissue were also decreased in the rottlerin treatment group. Furthermore, sphingosine kinase 1(Sph K1) dependent PKC-δ activation played an important role in promoting NF-κB activation and inflammatory cytokine production in ALF.CONCLUSION: Sph K1 dependent PKC-δ activation plays an important role in promoting NF-κB activation and inflammatory response in ALF, and inhibition of PKC-δ activation might be a potential therapeutic strategy for this disease.

Suppressing high mobility group box-1 release alleviates morphine tolerance via the adenosine5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase/heme oxygenase-1 pathway

Opioids,such as morphine,are the most potent drugs used to treat pain.Long-term use results in high tolerance to morphine.High mobility group box-1(HMGB1) has been shown to participate in neuropathic or inflammatory pain,but its role in morphine tolerance is unclear.In this study,we established rat and mouse models of morphine tolerance by intrathecal injection of morphine for 7 consecutive days.We found that morphine induced rat spinal cord neurons to release a large amount of HMGB1.HMGB1 regulated nuclear factor κB p65 phosphorylation and interleukin-1β production by increasing Toll-like receptor 4receptor expression in microglia,thereby inducing morphine tolerance.Glycyrrhizin,an HMGB1 inhibito r,markedly attenuated chronic morphine tole rance in the mouse model.Finally,compound C(adenosine 5’-monophosphate-activated protein kinase inhibitor) and zinc protoporphyrin(heme oxygenase-1 inhibitor)alleviated the morphine-induced release of HMGB1 and reduced nuclear factor κB p65 phosphorylation and interleukin-1β production in a mouse model of morphine tolerance and an SH-SY5Y cell model of morphine tole rance,and alleviated morphine tolerance in the mouse model.These findings suggest that morphine induces HMGB1 release via the adenosine 5’-monophosphate-activated protein kinase/heme oxygenase-1 signaling pathway,and that inhibiting this signaling pathway can effectively reduce morphine tole rance.

Association of NFkB1 Gene Polymorphism with Inflammatory Markers in Patients of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with or without Renal Involvement in Eastern India

Aims: To evaluate the association of Nuclear factor kappa B1(NFkB1) gene polymorphism with inflammatory markers Urinary Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 (UMCP1) and Tumor Necrosis Factor alfa (TNF alfa) in Patients of diabetes mellitus with or without renal involvement in Eastern India. Material and Methods: Consecutive Patients of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) with or without microalbuminuria attending SCB MEDICAL COLLEGE and HOSPITAL Medical OPDs in between September 2018 to September 2019 were recruited in this study. Patients were subjected to blood and urine investigations. DNA extraction and Restriction fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) was done in Department of Biochemistry. Controls were unrelated healthy attendants with no history of Diabetes Mellitus, HTN, Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). Results: Mean Systolic BP, Fasting Blood Glucose, Post Prandial Blood Glucose, HBA1c, Total Cholesterol were significantly higher in diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy groups than control group. Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate was significantly lower in diabetic nephropathy (p value < 0.001). UMCP1, Urinary Albumin Creatinine Ratio, TNF alfa were higher in diabetes mellitus and nephropathy with p value (<0.001, 0.006 < 0.001) respectively. In between DM and Diabetic Nephropathy groups nfkb1 gene expression, umcp1 and tnf alfa levels were significantly increased in Diabetic nephropathy with p value 0.019, <0.01, 0.001 respectively. Insertion/insertion NFkB1 gene polymorphisms were more in diabetic nephropathy group and were positively correlated with inflammatory markers UMCP1 (r = 0.517, p < 0.01) and TNF alfa (r = 0.172, p = 0.19). Conclusion: insertion/insertion NFkB1 gene polymorphism increases the risk of nephropathy by 2.52 times (OR = 2.52, 95% CI: 0.04 - 0.63, p value = 0.019) in diabetes patients in eastern India.

穿山龙总皂苷对膜性肾病大鼠肾组织M型PLA2R和IgG4表达的影响及其机制

目的 分析穿山龙总皂苷对膜性肾病大鼠肾组织M型磷脂酶A2受体(Phospholipase A2 receptor, PLA2R)和免疫球蛋白G亚型4(Immunoglobulin G4,IgG4)表达影响及可能机制。方法 将40只SPF级雄性SD大鼠按随机数字表法分为对照组、模型组、贝那普利组(10 mg/kg)、低和高剂量穿山龙总皂苷组(80 mg/kg、160 mg/kg),每组各8只。除对照组,其余4组采用Border法制备膜性肾病模型,造模成功后,贝那普利组灌胃给予贝那普利10 mg/(kg·d),低和高剂量穿山龙总皂苷组分别灌胃给予穿山龙总皂苷80 mg/(kg·d)、160 mg/(kg·d),对照组、模型组灌胃给予10 ml/(kg·d)生理盐水。连续给药4周后,检测24 h尿蛋白、白蛋白、血肌酐、血尿素氮、尿酸水平,HE染色观察肾脏病理改变,蛋白免疫印迹法检测肾脏中M型PLA2R、IgG4、磷酸化磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(Phosphorylated phosphoinositide 3-kinase, p-PI3K)、磷酸化蛋白激酶B(Phosphorylated protein kinase B,p-AKT)、核因子E2相关因子2(Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2,Nrf2)、血红素加氧酶(Heme oxygenase-1,HO-1)表达水平。结果 与模型组比较,贝那普利组、高剂量穿山龙总皂苷组白蛋白水平明显升高,血肌酐、血尿素氮、尿酸水平明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P>0.05)。与模型组比较,贝那普利组、低剂量和高剂量穿山龙总皂苷组肾脏病理改变明显改善,24 h尿蛋白水平及肾脏中M型PLA2R、IgG4、p-PI3K、p-AKT表达水平明显降低,肾脏中Nrf2、HO-1表达水平明显增加,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 穿山龙总皂苷对膜性肾病大鼠的肾脏具有保护作用,其机制可能与降低PLA2R、IgG4表达,抑制PI3K/AKT通路,激活Nrf2/HO-1通路相关。

牛膝多糖调控转移相关蛋白1/核因子-κB通路对类风湿关节炎大鼠踝关节破坏的影响实验研究

目的:探究牛膝多糖对类风湿关节炎(RA)大鼠踝关节破坏的影响及可能机制。方法:将40只大鼠随机分为对照组、RA组、牛膝多糖组及低表达转移相关蛋白1(MTA1)组,每组10只。肉眼观察大鼠踝关节变化,进行关节炎评分。HE染色与番红O-固绿染色检测大鼠滑膜炎症、骨侵蚀和软骨损伤情况。免疫荧光染色检测大鼠滑膜组织MTA1、核因子-κB(NF-κB)蛋白表达。实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)检测大鼠滑膜组织MTA1、NF-κB mRNA表达水平。Western blot检测大鼠滑膜组织MTA1、NF-κB蛋白表达水平。结果:与对照组比较,RA组大鼠踝关节增粗,关节炎评分增加且在21 d后显著升高,踝关节滑膜增生,滑膜炎症评分、骨侵蚀评分和软骨损伤评分升高,滑膜组织MTA1、NF-κB蛋白及mRNA表达水平增加(均P<0.05)。与RA组比较,牛膝多糖组大鼠踝关节变小,关节炎评分降低,踝关节滑膜厚度减少,滑膜炎症评分、骨侵蚀评分和软骨损伤评分降低,滑膜组织MTA1、NF-κB蛋白及mRNA表达水平减少(均P<0.05)。与RA组比较,低表达MTA1组大鼠滑膜组织MTA1、NF-κB蛋白表达减少,骨侵蚀评分减少(均P<0.05)。结论:牛膝多糖可通过下调MTA1/NF-κB通路改善RA大鼠踝关节破坏。

平喘宁调节IRE-1α-XBP-1s信号轴干预哮喘大鼠气道炎症的机制研究

目的:探究平喘宁对哮喘大鼠气道炎症的防治作用及机制。方法:将105只雄性SD大鼠按随机数字表法分为正常组、模型组、地塞米松组、桂龙咳喘宁组、平喘宁高剂量组、平喘宁中剂量组、平喘宁低剂量组,每组15只。以卵清蛋白联合氢氧化铝复制大鼠哮喘模型,造模21 d后,各给药组分别灌胃给予相应药物,正常组、模型组灌胃给予等体积的生理盐水,1次/d,连续4周。4周后,在进行哮喘激发试验后2 h内解剖大鼠并取出肺组织,收集支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)。HE染色观察肺组织中平滑肌厚度、炎症细胞浸润程度等相应病理的改变;ELISA法检测BALF中IL-5、IL-17水平;RT-qPCR法检测肺组织IRE-1αmRNA、XBP-1s mRNA、NF-κB p65 mRNA、Hgsnat mRNA、Pdgfrb mRNA、Scara3 mRNA相对表达量;Western blotting法检测肺组织中IRE-1α、XBP-1s、NF-κB p65蛋白相对表达量。结果:HE染色结果显示,与模型组比较,各给药组(平喘宁低剂量组、平喘宁中剂量组、平喘宁高剂量组、地塞米松组、桂龙咳喘宁组)大鼠肺组织病理情况都有不同程度的缓解。ELISA结果显示,与正常组比较,模型组大鼠BALF中IL-5、IL-17水平均明显升高(P<0.01);与模型组比较,各给药组大鼠BALF中IL-5、IL-17水平均明显降低(P<0.01),且平喘宁具有剂量依赖性;平喘宁低、中剂量组大鼠BALF中IL-5、IL-17水平均高于地塞米松组和桂龙咳喘宁组(P<0.01);平喘宁高剂量组大鼠BALF中IL-5水平明显高于地塞米松组和桂龙咳喘宁组(P<0.01),而IL-17水平与地塞米松组和桂龙咳喘宁组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。RT-qPCR结果显示,与正常组比较,模型组大鼠肺组织IRE-1αmRNA、XBP-1s mRNA、NF-κB p65 mRNA相对表达量均明显升高(P<0.01),Hgsnat mRNA、Pdgfrb mRNA、Scara3 mRNA相对表达量均明显降低(P<0.01);与模型组比较,各给药组大鼠肺组织IRE-1αmRNA、XBP-1s mRNA、NF-κB p65 mRNA相对表达量均明显降低(P<0.01),Hgsnat mRNA、Pdgfrb mRNA、Scara3 mRNA相对表达量均明显升高(P<0.05或P<0.01);平喘宁低剂量组大鼠肺组织IRE-1αmRNA、XBP-1s mRNA、NF-κB p65 mRNA相对表达量均明显高于地塞米松组和桂龙咳喘宁组(P<0.01),Hgsnat mRNA、Pdgfrb mRNA、Scara3 mRNA相对表达量均明显低于地塞米松组和桂龙咳喘宁组(P<0.01);平喘宁中剂量组大鼠肺组织XBP-1s mRNA、NF-κB p65 mRNA相对表达量均明显高于地塞米松组和桂龙咳喘宁组(P<0.01),Hgsnat mRNA、Pdgfrb mRNA、Scara3 mRNA相对表达量均明显低于地塞米松组和桂龙咳喘宁组(P<0.05或P<0.01),而IRE-1αmRNA相对表达量与地塞米松组和桂龙咳喘宁组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);平喘宁高剂量组大鼠肺组织IRE-1αmRNA相对表达量均明显低于地塞米松组和桂龙咳喘宁组(P<0.01),而Hgsnat mRNA、Pdgfrb mRNA相对表达量均明显高于地塞米松组(P<0.01);平喘宁高剂量组Hgsnat mRNA、Pdgfrb mRNA相对表达量与桂龙咳喘宁组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),XBP-1s mRNA、NF-κB p65 mRNA、Scara3 mRNA与地塞米松组和桂龙咳喘宁组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。Western blotting结果显示,与正常组比较,模型组大鼠肺组织IRE-1α、XBP-1s、NF-κB p65蛋白相对表达量均明显升高(P<0.01);与模型组比较,各给药组大鼠肺组织IRE-1α、XBP-1s、NF-κB p65蛋白相对表达量均明显降低(P<0.01);平喘宁低剂量组大鼠肺组织IRE-1α、XBP-1s、NF-κB p65蛋白相对表达量均明显高于地塞米松组和桂龙咳喘宁组(P<0.01);平喘宁中剂量组大鼠肺组织XBP-1s、NF-κB p65蛋白相对表达量均明显高于地塞米松组和桂龙咳喘宁组(P<0.05或P<0.01),IRE-1α蛋白相对表达量明显高于桂龙咳喘宁组(P<0.05),而IRE-1α蛋白相对表达量与地塞米松组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);平喘宁高剂量组大鼠肺组织IRE-1α、XBP-1s、NF-κB p65蛋白相对表达量与地塞米松组和桂龙咳喘宁组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:平喘宁可通过调节IRE-1α-XBP-1s信号轴改善OVA诱导的哮喘大鼠气道炎症性损伤。

多囊卵巢综合征伴胰岛素抵抗相关信号通路的研究进展

多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)是一种好发于青春期及育龄期女性的涉及诸多因素的内分泌代谢性疾病,临床主要表现为闭经、体胖、多毛痤疮以及妊娠率显著降低,但目前其病因病机尚不清楚。胰岛素抵抗(IR)与多种慢性非传染性疾病(高血压、糖尿病、心脑血管疾病、PCOS等)相关,目前已知磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶/蛋白激酶B、肝激酶B1/AMP活化的蛋白激酶、沉默信息调节因子1/叉头框转录因子O1、Toll样因子4/核因子κB信号通路参与了PCOS伴IR(PCOS-IR)的作用机制,因此充分认识PCOS-IR的发病机制在疾病预防中有重要临床意义。

IKBKE、YAP1和TEAD2在结直肠癌中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨核因子κb激酶亚基ε的抑制剂(IKBKE)、Yes相关蛋白1(YAP1)和转录增强结构域转录因子2(TEAD2)在结直肠癌(CRC)组织中的表达及其临床意义。方法收集2016年1月至2017年12月在蚌埠医科大学第一附属医院手术切除的142例CRC组织及对应癌旁组织,采用免疫组化法检测标本中IKBKE、YAP1和TEAD2的表达情况。分析3种蛋白在CRC组织中表达的相关性,分析蛋白阳性率与患者临床病理参数及预后的关系;绘制Kaplan-Meier生存曲线,比较这些蛋白不同表达情况患者的生存差异。采用Cox回归分析影响患者预后的危险因素。结果CRC组织中IKBKE、YAP1和TEAD2的阳性率均显著高于癌旁组织(65.5%比9.9%,73.9%比14.1%,66.9%比8.5%,均P<0.05)。IKBKE的表达与肿瘤的分化程度、浸润深度、淋巴结转移、肿瘤-淋巴结-远处转移(TNM)分期有关,YAP1和TEAD2的表达均与肿瘤的分化程度、浸润深度、淋巴结转移、远处转移及TNM分期有关。Spearman秩相关分析显示CRC组织中IKBKE与YAP1、TEAD2表达均呈正相关(均P<0.01)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示IKBKE、YAP1和TEAD2阳性表达组的总生存率降低。Cox回归分析显示IKBKE、YAP1和TEAD2阳性、肿瘤分化程度高、TNM分期高是CRC患者预后的独立危险因素。结论CRC中IKBKE、YAP1和TEAD2阳性表达与肿瘤的分化程度、TNM分期、转移等因素有关,可能成为CRC治疗的潜在靶点;检测这3个蛋白的表达有助于评估预后。

单核细胞趋化蛋白-1和核因子-κB与巨噬细胞浸润及动脉粥样硬化斑块形成的关系

[目的]研究单核细胞趋化蛋白-1和核因子-κB与巨噬细胞浸润、冠状动脉粥样硬化宽块形成及冠状动脉进行性狭窄的关系。[方法]从39例尸检标本中获得39个冠状动脉左前降支粥样硬化的标本。应用弹力纤维染色及电脑软件分析系统，测量其狭窄程度，并根据其狭窄程度将其分为3组（A组：〈50％；B组：50％～75％；C组：〉75％）。B组与C组中又根据粥样斑块占内膜面积的百分比分别以20％和30％为界，分为两个亚组，即B1（〈20％）、a2（≥20％）和C1（〈30％）、C2（≥30％）。用免疫组织化学的方法来检测巨噬细胞（CD68），单核细胞趋化蛋白-1和核因子-κB在冠状动脉宽块中的表达情况。[结果]①B组与C组的中膜巨噬细胞浸润的个数（6．38±7．68,6．09±4．95）明显高于A组（0．78±0．67），P〈0．05。B2和C2的宽块面积占内膜面积的百分比（42．94±6．54，67．20±15．63）和巨噬细胞数（189．17±78．92，195±71．93）明显高于B1（16．74±3．18，5．20±27．52）和C1（16．84±4．89，110±13．60），P〈0．05。②MCP-1和NF—κB的阳性表达出现在粥样宽块处的内皮细胞、巨噬细胞及平滑肌细胞，尤以在泡沫细胞处更加明显；而且两者之间存在显著正相关（r=0．632，P〈0．001）。[结论]动脉局部核因子-κB和MCP-1的过度表达可能参与并调节局部炎症反应及巨噬细胞的浸润，而且与冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块形成及管腔进行性狭窄关系密切。

阿霉素肾病大鼠肾组织中核因子-κB活化与肾小管间质损害的关系

目的 :探讨阿霉素肾病大鼠肾组织中核因子 - κB(NF- κB)活化及其与蛋白尿、肾小管间质损害和趋化因子表达之间的关系。方法 :阿霉素肾病模型采用尾静脉注射阿霉素 (6 m g/kg)制备。应用免疫组化和图像分析系统观察肾皮质区小管间质损害程度、NF- κB活化及单核细胞趋化蛋白 - 1(MCP- 1)表达。结果 :阿霉素肾病大鼠出现大量蛋白尿及明显的皮质区肾小管间质损害。肾皮质区 NF- κB活化及 MCP- 1表达显著增强 ,且与蛋白尿及肾小管间质损害程度显著相关。结论 :NF- κB活化介导了非免疫性慢性肾小球肾炎时皮质区肾小管间质损害及诱导趋化因子的产生。