SCN9A基因突变引起原发性红斑肢痛症1例及文献复习

目的 报告1例以双小腿、双足灼痛伴潮红、皮温升高为主要临床特征的原发性红斑肢痛症(PEM),并寻找其致病基因和突变位点,探索有效治疗方法。方法 收集患者临床资料,采集患者及亲属外周血,提取基因组DNA,进行遗传皮肤病基因二代测序,并用Sanger测序验证可疑致病基因突变。对该患者予以阿司匹林抗炎,苯甲酸利扎曲普坦片、盐酸美西律片、卡马西平片、局部注射肉毒毒素镇痛,外用复方多粘菌素B软膏等以及冷却疗法进行综合治疗。结果 在患者外周血基因组DNA中检测到SCN9A:NM_002977.3:c.688+142G>A或SCN9A:ENST00000375387.4:c.626G>A(p.Gly209Asp)杂合变异,其姐姐、叔叔2、堂兄检测出相同突变。结合致病基因及临床表现,患者被诊断为PEM。治疗后,患者疼痛明显缓解。结论 SCN9A基因的NM_002977.3:c.688+142G>A内含子突变或c.626G>A(p.Gly209Asp)错义突变是本例PEM的致病原因。阿司匹林、苯甲酸利扎曲普坦片、盐酸美西律片、卡马西平片及局部治疗的联合应用可有效控制PEM症状,减少急性发作频率,改善预后。

Deep brain implantable microelectrode arrays for detection and functional localization of the subthalamic nucleus in rats with Parkinson’s disease

The subthalamic nucleus(STN)is considered the best target for deep brain stimulation treatments of Parkinson’s disease(PD).It is difficult to localize the STN due to its small size and deep location.Multichannel microelectrode arrays(MEAs)can rapidly and precisely locate the STN,which is important for precise stimulation.In this paper,16-channel MEAs modified with multiwalled carbon nanotube/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)(MWCNT/PEDOT:PSS)nanocomposites were designed and fabricated,and the accurate and rapid identification of the STN in PD rats was performed using detection sites distributed at different brain depths.These results showed that nuclei in 6-hydroxydopamine hydrobromide(6-OHDA)-lesioned brains discharged more intensely than those in unlesioned brains.In addition,the MEA simultaneously acquired neural signals from both the STN and the upper or lower boundary nuclei of the STN.Moreover,higher values of spike firing rate,spike amplitude,local field potential(LFP)power,and beta oscillations were detected in the STN of the 6-OHDA-lesioned brain,and may therefore be biomarkers of STN localization.Compared with the STNs of unlesioned brains,the power spectral density of spikes and LFPs synchronously decreased in the delta band and increased in the beta band of 6-OHDA-lesioned brains.This may be a cause of sleep and motor disorders associated with PD.Overall,this work describes a new cellular-level localization and detection method and provides a tool for future studies of deep brain nuclei.

SCN2A基因突变相关癫痫患儿外周血miRNA-15a-5p表达变化及其与病情的关系

目的观察SCN2A基因突变相关癲痫患儿外周血miRNA-15a-5p水平变化,分析外周血miRNA-15a-5p相对表达量与SCN2A基因突变相关癲痫患儿病情的相关性。方法纳入同期住院癫痫患儿20例,其中SCN2A基因突变的癫痫患儿10例(突变组)、非SCN2A基因突变的癫痫患儿(非突变组)10例;突变组中,癫痫控制良好4例、难治性癫痫6例;SCN2A基因突变位点在钠离子通道的关键区6例、连接区4例。另择同期体检健康儿童10例作为对照组。采用qRT-PCR检测上述三组外周血miRNA-15a-5p。采用Spearman相关分析外周血miRNA-15a-5p水平与癫痫患儿病情的相关性。结果与非突变组和对照组相比,突变组患儿外周血miRNA-15a-5p相对表达量升高(P<0.001);在突变组中,与SCN2A基因突变位点在钠离子通道的连接区患儿相比,在关键区的患儿外周血miRNA-15a-5p表达升高,且表达量与突变位点是否在关键区相关(r=0.71,P<0.05)。与癫痫控制良好患儿相比,难治性癫痫患儿外周血miRNA-15a-5p相对表达量升高,且表达量与患儿病情相关(r=0.85,P<0.05)。结论SCN2A基因突变相关癫痫患儿外周血中miRNA-15a-5p相对表达量升高,其表达量高的癫痫患儿病情重。

SCN4A基因R669H变异的家族性低钾性周期性麻痹1家系分析

目的 探讨一个低钾性周期性麻痹(HOKPP)家系的临床及遗传学特点。方法 回顾性分析1个HOKPP家系的临床资料。结果 先证者表现为周期性瘫痪,发作时四肢无力,血钾明显降低(1~2 mmol/L),先证者的父亲及表哥有相似症状。基因检测发现,先证者、父亲、小姑和表哥SCN4A基因存在1个杂合错义变异c.2006G>A(p.R669H),其大姑及叔叔未发现该变异。结论 该家系呈现不规则显性遗传,男性杂合子严重程度、发病频率和起病年龄有所不同,而女性杂合子无临床表型。本研究首次明确在亚洲种族人群中R669H变异导致男性完全外显,而女性可能为携带者。

基于VMD与AdaBoost-SCN的海缆振动信号识别方法

海底光缆的在线监测和振动信号识别是保证其正常运行的关键技术。搭建了基于布里渊光时域分析系统,模拟不同工况下的海缆振动信号。针对海缆振动信号信息丰富、信噪比低,使用单一随机配置网络(stochastic configuration network,SCN)模型对信号识别准确率不高的问题,提出了自适应增强(adaptive boosting,AdaBoost)算法优化的随机配置网络(AdaBoost-SCN)识别方法。首先用变分模态分解(variational mode decomposition,VMD)算法分解海缆振动信号,构建特征向量;然后采用AdaBoost-SCN算法对振动信号分类。结果表明,所提方法有着很高的精度,并且具有很强的鲁棒性与泛化能力,提高了布里渊光时域分析系统振动信号识别的有效性。

SCN5A基因突变相关儿童心律失常临床分析

目的:探讨SCN5A基因突变与儿童心律失常的关系。方法:回顾分析2018年1月至2020年6月我院诊治的8例心律失常合并SCN5A基因突变患儿的临床资料。结果:8例患儿中男7例、女1例,年龄5.5(2.5~7.0)岁。晕厥发作为主要临床表现,发生率为87.5%(7/8)。其中1例晕厥发作与窦性静止、房扑有关,6例晕厥发作与室性心动过速发生有关。6例发生室性心动过速的患儿中,结合心电图及基因检查,4例诊断为Brugada综合征(Brs),1例为3型长QT间期综合征(LQT3),1例为Brs合并LQT3。3例患儿合并有左心功能射血分数的明显下降。结论:SCN5A基因突变与儿童恶性心律失常有关,需要引起重视,必要时应尽早行基因组测序予以精准的治疗。

SCN5A基因突变致家族性多源希浦系综合征一例

多源希浦系综合征,即MEPPC综合征,是一种心脏钠离子通道病。该综合征是由SCN5A基因突变所致,其临床主要表现为室性心律失常(室性早搏和阵发性室性心动过速)和扩张型心肌病。目前,国内外关于该综合征的报道很少。本文报道一例具有家族性发病特征的MEPPC综合征,通过分析该患者临床表现、心电图、超声心动图和基因检测结果,提高临床医师对该综合征的认识,为进一步治疗提供参考。

SCN4A基因突变导致的低钾性周期性麻痹2例报道并文献复习

本文报道2例SCN4A基因突变导致的家族性低钾性周期性麻痹病例的基因及临床特点,全外显子组测序提示2例先证者的SCN4A基因存在杂合性突变,其中1例携带的突变(R672L)尚未见文献及数据库报道。本文进一步对文献中已报道的相关病例进行回顾性分析。

厦门地区三例Brugada综合征患者SCN5A基因突变分析

目的探讨厦门地区3例Brugada综合征患者SCN5A基因突变情况。方法选取2011年1月~2022年6月到厦门大学附属心血管病医院就诊的3例Brugada综合征患者作为观察组,同期20例健康体检者作为对照组,收集两组人群的常规生化与心肌标志物检测结果。采集观察组全血后提取基因组DNA,应用高通量测序平台对Brugada综合征相关基因的目标区域测序,再预测蛋白质三维结构,比较国内已报道的Brugada综合征相关新发疑似致病SCN5A基因突变。结果观察组与对照组的常规生化与心肌标志物检测结果均无明显差异,目标区域捕获测序结果显示有2位受检者都携带SCN5A c·219delA移码突变,该突变导致74位的谷氨酸变成了丝氨酸,并产生新的阅读框架,终止于第74号密码子下游23位密码子处,产生一个缩短并变异的RNA以及蛋白。另一位受检者携带SCN5A c·584G>A无义突变,该突变会导致编码蛋白序列提前终止,产生一个截短的蛋白,可能会对蛋白质的结构和功能产生较大影响。这两个点突变都未有文献报道,在各大公共数据库中均没有被检索到,根据美国医学遗传学与基因组学协会(ACMG)评估指南,定义该位点为疑似致病突变的变异。结论SCN5A c·219delA和SCN5A c·584G>A点突变是Brugada综合征的致病原因。

Sex modulates the outcome of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation in patients with Parkinson's disease

There are many documented sex differences in the clinical course,symptom expression profile,and treatment response of Parkinson’s disease,creating additional challenges for patient management.Although subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation is an established therapy for Parkinson’s disease,the effects of sex on treatment outcome are still unclear.The aim of this retrospective observational study,was to examine sex differences in motor symptoms,nonmotor symptoms,and quality of life after subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation.Outcome measures were evaluated at 1 and 12 months post-operation in 90 patients with Parkinson’s disease undergoing subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation aged 63.00±8.01 years(55 men and 35 women).Outcomes of clinical evaluations were compared between sexes via a Student’s t-test and within sex via a paired-sample t-test,and generalized linear models were established to identify factors associated with treatment efficacy and intensity for each sex.We found that subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation could improve motor symptoms in men but not women in the on-medication condition at 1 and 12 months post-operation.Restless legs syndrome was alleviated to a greater extent in men than in women.Women demonstrated poorer quality of life at baseline and achieved less improvement of quality of life than men after subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation.Furthermore,Hoehn-Yahr stage was positively correlated with the treatment response in men,while levodopa equivalent dose at 12 months post-operation was negatively correlated with motor improvement in women.In conclusion,women received less benefit from subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation than men in terms of motor symptoms,non-motor symptoms,and quality of life.We found sex-specific factors,i.e.,Hoehn-Yahr stage and levodopa equivalent dose,that were related to motor improvements.These findings may help to guide subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation patient selection,prognosis,and stimulation programming for optimal therapeutic efficacy in Parkinson’s disease.

过表达TRPM8在SCN5A错义突变后对肥大细胞功能的影响

目的探究过表达瞬时受体电位阳离子通道M8(TRPM8)在心脏钠通道基因(SCN5A)错义突变后对肥大细胞功能的影响。方法构建TRPM8基因过表达载体及SCN5A干扰载体并分别转染入人肥大细胞HMC-1中,转染成功后用CCK8检测细胞增殖能力,qPCR、Western blot法检测TRPM8与SCN5A的表达情况,中性红染色计算肥大细胞脱颗粒百分率,比色法测定β-氨基己糖苷酶释放率。结果TRPM8基因过表达及SCN5A干扰载体成功构建;与空白对照组相比,过表达TRPM8与干扰SCN5A后均抑制了HMC-1细胞的增殖能力,过表达TRPM8对HMC-1细胞增殖能力的抑制作用低于干扰SCN5A组(P<0.05);与干扰SCN5A组相比,干扰SCN5A的同时过表达TRPM8后对HMC-1细胞增殖能力的抑制作用有所降低(P<0.05);与空白对照组相比,过表达TRPM8降低HMC-1细胞脱颗粒反应和β-氨基己糖苷酶释放率,干扰SCN5A后增强了HMC-1细胞脱颗粒反应和β-氨基己糖苷酶释放率(P<0.05);与干扰SCN5A后相比,在干扰SCN5A的同时过表达TRPM8可降低HMC-1细胞脱颗粒反应和β-氨基己糖苷酶释放率(P<0.05);干扰SCN5A后可下调HMC-1细胞中TRPM8的表达(P<0.05)。结论TRPM8可以抑制SCN5A错义突变后对肥大细胞的激活作用,并可能通过调控SCN5A来减缓肠易激综合征患者疼痛等不适症状。

Quercetin ameliorates oxidative stress-induced senescence in rat nucleus pulposus-derived mesenchymal stem cells via the miR-34a-5p/SIRT1 axis

BACKGROUND Intervertebral disc degeneration(IDD)is a main contributor to low back pain.Oxidative stress,which is highly associated with the progression of IDD,increases senescence of nucleus pulposus-derived mesenchymal stem cells(NPMSCs)and weakens the differentiation ability of NPMSCs in degenerated intervertebral discs(IVDs).Quercetin(Que)has been demonstrated to reduce oxidative stress in diverse degenerative diseases.AIM To investigate the role of Que in oxidative stress-induced NPMSC damage and to elucidate the underlying mechanism.METHODS In vitro,NPMSCs were isolated from rat tails.Senescence-associatedβ-galactosidase(SA-β-Gal)staining,cell cycle,reactive oxygen species(ROS),realtime quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR),immunofluorescence,and western blot analyses were used to evaluated the protective effects of Que.Meanwhile the relationship between miR-34a-5p and Sirtuins 1(SIRT1)was evaluated by dual-luciferase reporter assay.To explore whether Que modulates tert-butyl hydroperoxide(TBHP)-induced senescence of NPMSCs via the miR-34a-5p/SIRT1 pathway,we used adenovirus vectors to overexpress and downregulate the expression of miR-34a-5p and used SIRT1 siRNA to knockdown SIRT1 expression.In vivo,a puncture-induced rat IDD model was constructed,and X rays and histological analysis were used to assess whether Que could alleviate IDD in vivo.RESULTS We found that TBHP can cause NPMSCs senescence changes,such as reduced cell proliferation ability,increased SA-β-Gal activity,cell cycle arrest,the accumulation of ROS,and increased expression of senescence-related proteins.While abovementioned senescence indicators were significantly alleviated by Que treatment.Que decreased the expression levels of senescence-related proteins(p16,p21,and p53)and senescence-associated secreted phenotype(SASP),including IL-1β,IL-6,and MMP-13,and it increased the expression of SIRT1.In addition,the protective effects of Que on cell senescence were partially reversed by miR-34a-5p overexpression and SIRT1 knockdown.In vivo,X-ray,and histological analyses indicated that Que alleviated IDD in a punctureinduced rat model.CONCLUSION In summary,the present study provides evidence that Que reduces oxidative stress-induced senescence of NPMSCs via the miR-34a/SIRT1 signaling pathway,suggesting that Que may be a potential agent for the treatment of IDD.

Automated apoptosis identification in fluorescence imaging of nucleus based on histogram of oriented gradients of high-frequency wavelet coefficients

The automatic and accurate identification of apoptosis facilitates large-scale cell analysis.Most identification approaches using nucleus fluorescence imaging are based on specific morphological parameters.However,these parameters cannot completely describe nuclear morphology,thus limiting the identification accuracy of models.This paper proposes a new feature extraction method to improve the performance of the model for apoptosis identification.The proposed method uses a histogram of oriented gradient(HOG)of high-frequency wavelet coefficients to extract internal and edge texture information.The HOG vectors are classified using support vector machine.The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed feature extraction method well performs apoptosis identification,attaining 95:7% accuracy with low cost in terms of time.We confirmed that our method has potential applications to cell biology research.

Magnetic resonance imaging assessment of the lateral geniculate nucleus volume and height in patients with glaucoma:a Meta-analysis

AIM:To evaluate the lateral geniculate nucleus(LGN)volume and height using magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)in glaucoma patients.METHODS:Literatures retrieval was carried out through Pub Med,Web of Science,Embase,and Cochrane Library.Studies that compared the volume and height of LGN in glaucoma patients with that in control subjects were included.The volume and height of LGN were extracted from the included studies.The Review Manager 5.4.1 software was used for the Meta-analysis.RESULTS:This Meta-analysis included 10 crosssectional studies,including the eyes of 223 glaucoma patients and 185 healthy controls.Compared with the control subjects,the volume and height of LGN in glaucoma patients measured by MRI were significantly reduced{-29.13 mm3,95%[confidence interval(CI):-44.82 to-13.43,P=0.0003;-0.61 mm,95%CI:-0.78 to-0.44,P<0.00001,respectively]}.Subgroup analysis demonstrated that the differences of LGN volume and height between glaucoma patients and control subjects in the older group were smaller than that in the younger group,and LGN volume decreased with the increase of glaucoma severity.CONCLUSION:The results demonstrate that the volume and height of LGN are decreased in glaucoma patients,and LGN volume can be considered a parameter of glaucoma severity.

Acute isolated vertigo with vertical up-beating nystagmus: A rare case of nucleus intercalatus of Staderini ischemia

The role of intercalatus nucleus of Staderini(INS),the most caudal of the perihypoglossal nuclei,is much debated.Last research seems to suggest that this nucleus plays a role as a vertical eyes movements integrator.The few clinical reports present in the literature that describe isolated lesions of the INS have described patients presenting in acute with up-beating vertical spontaneous nystagmus.Isolated acute lesion of INS is,in fact,much rare,and,without other neurological signs,is exceptional.We present a case of acute isolated vertigo with no other neurological signs or symptoms,due to INS ischemia provoked by vertebral artery stenosis.The patient presented with spontaneous vertical up-beating nystagmus that showed at videonystagmographic recording,a clear exponential decay of angular slow-phase velocity,that is considered a typical sign of neural integrator impairment.This case seems to represent a further confirm that INS is part,as a vertical-to-position neural integrator,of the neural circuit controlling the vertical eyes movements.

Bayesian Inference of Nucleus Resonance and Neutron Skin

In this proceeding,some highlight results on the constraints of the nuclear matter equation of state(EOS)from the data of nucleus resonance and neutron-skin thickness using the Bayesian approach based on the Skyrme-Hartree-Fock model and its extension have been presented.Typically,the anti-correlation and positive correlations between the slope parameter and the value of the symmetry energy at the saturation density under the constraint of the neutron-skin thickness and the isovector giant dipole resonance have been discussed respectively.It’s shown that the Bayesian analysis can help to find a compromise for the“PREXII puzzle”and the“soft Tin puzzle”.The possible modifications on the constraints of lower-order EOS parameters as well as the relevant correlation when higher-order EOS parameters are incorporated as independent variables have been further illustrated.For a given model and parameter space,the Bayesian approach serves as a good analysis tool suitable for multi-messengers versus multi-variables,and is helpful for constraining quantitatively the model parameters as well as their correlations.

Nucleus Pulposus Cells from Calcified Discs Promote the Degradation of the Extracellular Matrix through Upregulation of the GATA3 Expression

Objective Disc calcification is strongly associated with disc degeneration;however,the underlying mechanisms driving its pathogenesis are poorly understood.This study aimed to provide a gene expression profile of nucleus pulposus cells(NPCs)from calcified discs,and clarify the potential mechanism in disc degeneration.Methods Primary NPCs were isolated from calcified and control discs(CAL-NPC and CON-NPC),respectively.The proliferation and extracellular matrix(ECM)metabolism capacities of the cells were evaluated using MTT and Western blotting,respectively.RNA sequencing was used to identify differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in the CAL-NPCs.The biological functions of the DEGs were analyzed using the Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)databases.The transcription factor database and Cytoscape software were used to construct the transcription factor-DEGs regulatory network.The role of the verified transcription factor in NPC proliferation and ECM metabolism was also investigated.Results The CAL-NPCs exhibited a lower proliferation rate and higher ECM degradation capacity than the CON-NPCs.In total,375 DEGs were identified in the CAL-NPCs.The GO and KEGG analyses showed that the DEGs were primarily involved in the regulation of ribonuclease activity and NF-kappa B and p53 signaling pathways.GATA-binding protein 3(GATA3)with the highest verified levels was selected for further studies.Overexpression of GATA3 in the CON-NPCs significantly inhibited their proliferation and promoted their ECM degradation function,while the knockdown of GATA3 in the CAL-NPCs resulted in the opposite phenotypes.Conclusion This study provided a comprehensive gene expression profile of the NPCs from the calcified discs and supported that GATA3 could be a potential target for reversing calcification-associated disc degeneration.

Effect of CSH Crystal Nucleus on Steam-Free Cured Fly Ash Precast Concrete Components

The measures of steam curing and early-strengthening agents to promote the precast components to reach the target strength quickly can bring different degrees of damage to the concrete.Based on this,the new nanomaterial CSH-the hydration product of cement effectively solves these measures’disadvantages,such as excessive energy consumption,thermal stress damage,and the introduction of external ions.In this paper,the effect of CSH on the early strength of precast fly ash concrete components was investigated in terms of setting time,workability,and mechanical properties and analyzed at the microscopic level using hydration temperature,XRD,and SEM.The results showed that under the same workability,CSH could significantly reduce the amount of admixture,shorten the final setting time,almost not affect the initial setting time,and accelerate the hydration of cement.At the optimum dose of 5%,the mechanical properties of the specimens were improved by more than 98%within 12 h of hydration,resulting in an earlier release time of 12 h and no risk of strength inversion later.The results of this paper give theoretical support to the behavior of precast components under steam-free curing.

Effect of exogenous hydrogen sulfide in the nucleus tractus solitarius on gastric motility in rats

BACKGROUND Hydrogen sulfide(H2S)is a recently discovered gaseous neurotransmitter in the nervous and gastrointestinal systems.It exerts its effects through multiple signaling pathways,impacting various physiological activities.The nucleus tractus solitarius(NTS),a vital nucleus involved in visceral sensation,was investigated in this study to understand the role of H2S in regulating gastric function in rats.AIM To examine whether H2S affects the nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 pathways and the neurokinin 1(NK1)receptor in the NTS.METHODS Immunohistochemical and fluorescent double-labeling techniques were employed to identify cystathionine beta-synthase(CBS)and c-Fos co-expressed positive neurons in the NTS during rat stress.Gastric motility curves were recorded by inserting a pressure-sensing balloon into the pylorus through the stomach fundus.Changes in gastric motility were observed before and after injecting different doses of NaHS(4 nmol and 8 nmol),physiological saline,Capsazepine(4 nmol)+NaHS(4 nmol),pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate(PDTC,4 nmol)+NaHS(4 nmol),and L703606(4 nmol)+NaHS(4 nmol).RESULTS We identified a significant increase in the co-expression of c-Fos and CBS positive neurons in the NTS after 1 h and 3 h of restraint water-immersion stress compared to the expressions observed in the control group.Intra-NTS injection of NaHS at different doses significantly inhibited gastric motility in rats(P<0.01).However,injection of saline,first injection NF-κB inhibitor PDTC or transient receptor potential vanilloid 1(TRPV1)antagonist Capsazepine or NK1 receptor blockers L703606 and then injection NaHS did not produce significant changes(P>0.05).CONCLUSION NTS contains neurons co-expressing CBS and c-Fos,and the injection of NaHS into the NTS can suppress gastric motility in rats.This effect may be mediated by activating TRPV1 and NK1 receptors via the NF-κB channel.

随机配置网络研究进展

随机配置网络(stochastic configuration network,SCN)是一种新兴的增量式神经网络模型,与其他随机化神经网络方法不同,它能够通过监督机制进行隐含层节点参数配置,保证了模型的快速收敛性能.因其具有学习效率高、人为干预程度低和泛化能力强等优点,自2017年提出以来,SCN吸引了大量国内外学者的研究兴趣,得到了快速的推广和发展.从SCN的基础理论、典型算法变体、应用领域以及未来研究方向等方面切入,全面地概述SCN研究进展.首先,从理论的角度分析SCN的算法原理、通用逼近性能及其优点;其次,重点研究深度SCN、二维SCN、鲁棒SCN、集成SCN、分布式并行SCN、正则化SCN等典型变体;随后介绍SCN在硬件实现、计算机视觉、医学数据分析、故障检测与诊断、系统建模预测等不同领域的应用进展;最后指出SCN在卷积神经网络架构、半监督学习、无监督学习、多视图学习、模糊神经网络、循环神经网络等研究方向的发展潜力.