Gradient coil design with enhanced shielding constraint for a cryogen-free superconducting MRI system

The relatively fragile low-temperature stability of cryogen-free superconducting magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)magnets requires the careful management of exogenous heat sources.A strongly shielded gradient magnetic field is important for the optimal operation of cryogen-free MRI systems.In this study,we present an enhanced shielding method incorporating a regionalized stray field constraining strategy.By optimizing the constraint parameters,we could develop engineering-feasible gradient coil schemes without increasing system complexity but with the stray field intensity reduced by half.In real measurement in an integrated MRI system,the developed gradient assembly demonstrated good performance and supported to output images of excellent quality.Our findings suggested that the proposed method could potentially form a useful design paradigm for cryogen-free MRI magnets.

Analytical computation of magnetic field in coil-dominated superconducting quadrupole magnets based on racetrack coils

Currently,three types of superconducting quadrupole magnets are used in particle accelerators:cos 2θ,CCT,and serpentine.However,all three coil configurations have complex spatial geometries,which make magnet manufacturing and strain-sensitive superconductor applications difficult.Compared with the three existing quadrupole coils,the racetrack quadrupole coil has a simple shape and manufacturing process,but there have been few theoretical studies.In this paper,the two-dimensional and three-dimensional analytical expressions for the magnetic field in coil-dominated racetrack superconducting quadrupole magnets are presented.The analytical expressions of the field harmonics and gradient are fully resolved and depend only on the geometric parameters of the coil and current density.Then,a genetic algorithm is applied to obtain a solution for the coil geometry parameters with field harmonics on the order of 10^(-4).Finally,considering the practical engineering needs of the accelerator interaction region,electromagnetic design examples of racetrack quadrupole magnets with high gradients,large apertures,and small apertures are described,and the application prospects of racetrack quadrupole coils are analyzed.

Mechanical compression management of the right middle cerebral artery inferior trunk using a stent during coil embolization of middle cerebral artery aneurysms:A case report and literature review

Endovascular coil embolization is a minimally invasive,rapid,and effective method for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms.However,complications associated with coil embolization,such as intraoperative aneurysm rupture or arterial occlusion,should be promptly managed during the procedure to avoid catastrophic consequences.This study presents a case of mechanical compression management of the right middle cerebral artery(MCA)inferior trunk during coil embolization for bilateral MCA aneurysms.The inferior trunk of the right MCA was abruptly occluded due to mechanical compression during coil embolization of the right MCA bifurcation aneurysm.A Solitaire AB stent(4×20 mm,Covidien/Medtronic,Dublin,Ireland)was implanted in the inferior trunk of the right MCA after tirofiban was injected via a microcatheter,and the right inferior trunk was recanalized.The patient also underwent coil embolization of the left MCA bifurcation aneurysm,without any complications.It is crucial to recognize compressive occlusion of adjacent aneurysm branches to avoid severe complications during intracranial aneurysm embolization.Stent placement is a rescue treatment option for recanalization of an occluded artery.

Degree of style coiling is associated with corolla-tube length in the nectarless flowers of Roscoea schneideriana

The plant-pollinator‘arms race’model posits that a major driver of the evolution of elongated corollas in flowers is reciprocal selection for‘morphological fit’between pollinator-tongue length and access distance to nectar(usually corolla-tube length).Evidence for the pollinator-mediated selection on tube length and evolution of multiple,correlated floral traits remains inconclusive.To gain possible insights into the strength of stabilizing selection by assessing standing phenotypic variation,we measured a series of functionally important floral traits,including corolla tube length and‘effective’tube depth and degree of style coiling.We then calculated coefficients of variation(CV)for these traits in three field populations of R.schneideriana.Unlike in most long-tubed flowers,the bottom part of the corolla tube is completely occupied by the style,with no room for nectar.The length of this portion of the corolla tube was more variable(higher CV)than the upper part of the corolla tube,suggesting that functional tube depth was under stronger stabilizing selection.The degree of style coiling was negatively related to the corolla-tube length in all three populations of R.schneideriana,suggesting that there may be conflicting selection acting on style length and corolla-tube length,which are otherwise usually tightly correlated.Given the lack of nectar in the flowers of this species,the long corolla tubes and long styles may represent morphological holdovers from ancestors that were pollinated by long-tongued pollinators,as is still seen in related species in the western Himalayas.

Fatigue Life Analysis of Coiled Tubing in Deep Well Jet Plugging Removal

The coiled tubing plugging has become the main means of plugging in gas Wells in Xinjiang. These Wells are deep and have high pressure, which can easily affect the fatigue life of the operating coiled tubing. In order to improve the life of coiled tubing in high-pressure gas Wells, this paper studies the plugging conditions of coiled tubing in high-pressure ultra-deep Wells. Firstly, the cross section deformation of coiled tubing under high internal pressure is analyzed. Secondly, the factors influencing the fatigue life of coiled tubing and the influence of surface damage on the fatigue life of coiled tubing were studied. Finally, the mechanism of furrow damage caused by coiled tubing and the main measures to reduce furrow damage are analyzed. The following suggestions are made to improve the life of coiled tubing: select the right material and the right size coiled tubing;Use appropriate measures to prevent premature coiled tubing failure and reduce operating costs.

Stent-assisted coiling of intracranial carotid ophthalmic segment aneurysm segment aneurysms:Long-term follow-up from a single center

Background:To evaluate the efficacy of stent-assisted coiling(SAC)for the treatment of carotid ophthalmic segment aneurysm segment aneurysms(OSAs)of the internal carotid artery(ICA)through detailed long-term follow-up of a large patient cohort.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed 88 consecutive patients with OSAs between January 2009 and January 2020 at our center.Angiographic results were evaluated using the modified Raymond grading system and clinical outcomes were evaluated using the mRS scale.The primary endpoints were major aneurysm recurrence and poor clinical outcomes for at least 18 months of follow-up.The patients were asked to attend clinical follow-up assessments and possibly undergo DSA or MR via telephone.Results:We enrolled 88 patients with 99 OSAs treated with coiling,of whom 76 were treated with SAC.The coiling procedures were successful in all 88 patients.Overall,complications occurred in 8 patients(9.1%).No procedure-related mortality was observed.67(76.1%)experienced immediate aneurysm occlusion at the end of the procedure.Long-term angiographic follow-up(18 months)was available in 45/88 aneurysms(51%)(average 18.7±5.2 months).Four patients continued their follow-up for 5 years after initial aneurysm treatment.After a clinical follow-up time of 28.7 months(range,12-51 months),85 patients(95.5%)achieved favorable clinical outcomes(mRS scores of 0-2).Conclusions:This study indicates that SAC treatment is a safe and effective therapeutic alternative for ruptured and unruptured OSAs.The procedural risks are low with relatively long-term effectiveness.

Accurate surface normal representation to facilitate gradient coil optimization on curved surface

The design methods for gradient coils are mostly based on discrete extrinsic methods(e.g.,the BioteSavart integration calculation),for which the surface normal vector strongly influences any numerical calculation of the discretized surface.Previous studies are mostly based on regular or analytical surfaces,which allow normal vectors to be expressed analytically.For certain applications,design methods for extending currentcarrying surfaces from developable or analytic geometries to arbitrary surfaces generated from a scanned point cloud are required.The key task is to correctly express the discretized normal vectors to ensure geometrical accuracy of the designed coils.Mathematically,it has been proven that applying a Delaunay triangulation to approximate a smooth surface can result in the discrete elemental normal vectors converging to those of the original surface.Accordingly,this article uses Delaunay triangulation to expand upon previous design methods so that they encompass arbitrary piecewise continuous surfaces.Two design methods,the stream function and the so-called solid isotropic material with penalization(SIMP)method,are used to design circumvolute and noncircumvolute gradient coils on general surfaces.

Design of Online Vision Detection System for Stator Winding Coil

The quality of the stator winding coil directly affects the performance of the motor.A dual-camera online machine vision detection method to detect whether the coil leads and winding regions were qualified was designed.A vision detection platform was designed to capture individual winding images,and an image processing algorithm was used for image pre-processing,template matching and positioning of the coil lead area to set up a coordinate system.After eliminating image noise by Blob analysis,the improved Canny algorithm was used to detect the location of the coil lead paint stripped region,and the time was reduced by about half compared to the Canny algorithm.The coil winding region was trained with the ShuffleNet V2-YOLOv5s model for the dataset,and the detect file was converted to the Open Neural Network Exchange(ONNX)model for the detection of winding cross features with an average accuracy of 99.0%.The software interface of the detection system was designed to perform qualified discrimination tests on the workpieces,and the detection data were recorded and statistically analyzed.The results showed that the stator winding coil qualified discrimination accuracy reached 96.2%,and the average detection time of a single workpiece was about 300 ms,while YOLOv5s took less than 30 ms.

Transient multi-physics behavior of an insert high temperature superconducting no-insulation coil in hybrid superconducting magnets with inductive coupling

A transient multi-physics model incorporated with an electromagneto-thermomechanical coupling is developed to capture the multi-field behavior of a single-pancake(SP)insert no-insulation(NI)coil in a hybrid magnet during the charging and discharging processes.The coupled problem is resolved by means of the finite element method(FEM)for the magneto-thermo-elastic behaviors and the Runge-Kutta method for the transient responses of the electrical circuits of the hybrid superconducting magnet system.The results reveal that the transient multi-physics responses of the insert NI coil primarily depend on the charging/discharging procedure of the hybrid magnet.Moreover,a reverse azimuthal current and a compressive hoop stress are induced in the insert NI coil during the charging process,while a forward azimuthal current and a tensile hoop stress are observed during the discharging process.The induced voltages in the insert NI coil can drive the currents flowing across the radial turns where the contact resistance exists.Therefore,it brings forth significant Joule heat,causing a temperature rise and a uniform distribution of this heat in the coil turns.Accordingly,a thermally/mechanically unstable or quenching event may be encountered when a high operating current is flowing in the insert NI coil.It is numerically predicted that a quick charging will induce a compressive hoop stress which may bring a risk of buckling instability in the coil,while a discharging will not.The simulations provide an insight of hybrid superconducting magnets under transient start-up or shutdown phases which are inevitably encountered in practical applications.

Design of new resonant magnetic perturbation coils on the J-TEXT tokamak

The resonant magnetic perturbation(RMP)system is a powerful auxiliary system on tokamaks.On the J-TEXT tokamak,a set of new in-vessel coils is designed to enhance the amplitude of the RMP.The new coils are designed to be two-turn saddle coils.These two-turn saddle coils have been optimized in terms of their structure,support,and protection components to overcome the limitations of the narrow in-vessel space,resulting in a compact coil module that can be accommodated in the vessel.To verify the feasibility of this design,an electromagnetic simulation is performed to investigate the electrical parameters and the generated field of the coils.A multi-field coupled simulation is performed to investigate the capacity of heat dissipation.As a result of these efforts,the new RMP coils have been successfully installed on the J-TEXT tokamak.It has significantly enhanced the RMP amplitude and been widely applied in experiments.

超早期介入栓塞破裂颅内动脉瘤治疗体会

目的 研究在破裂出血急性期的颅内动脉瘤患者中,超早期(24 h内)采取介入栓塞治疗的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析安徽医科大学附属滁州医院(滁州市第一人民医院)神经外科2020年4月—2022年7月收治的51例急诊破裂颅内动脉瘤患者,所有患者均在24 h内采取介入栓塞治疗,对患者临床资料、治疗效果、术后并发症等情况进行总结。结合Raymond分级标准,对术中及术后栓塞情况进行分析,以格拉斯哥预后评分(GOS)为基础,对患者预后情况进行评估。结果 所有患者介入栓塞手术均成功完成,其中RaymondⅠ级栓塞35例,Ⅱ级及Ⅲ级栓塞分别有10例、6例,其中动脉瘤术中破裂3例,予以快速填塞弹簧圈等急救措施后完全栓塞;4例患者发生血栓事件,给予替罗非班溶栓等措施后血流恢复。患者预后情况用GOS评分进行评估,其中良好、轻度残疾、重度残疾、死亡患者数量分别为36例、8例、4例、3例,死亡率为5.88%,总体预后良好。结论 急诊超早期对破裂的颅内动脉瘤患者采取栓塞方法治疗,可以减少动脉瘤二次破裂出血的机会,提高患者生存率及生存质量。

双耦合SP-S补偿紧凑型抗偏移WPT系统

在无线电能传输(wireless power transfer,WPT)系统中,偏移是不可避免的,偏移会引起系统参数的变化从而影响系统的传输性能。基于S-S和P-S补偿拓扑,提出一种具有抗偏移特性的双耦合SP-S补偿的紧凑型WPT系统。该系统采用两个同轴布置、相互解耦的圆角方形线圈作为能量的发射线圈,其与单一方形接收线圈均有耦合,提升了X方向和Y方向的抗偏移容忍度。通过谐振参数配置使接收线圈在偏移的过程中,一个线圈回路的输出增加,另一个线圈回路输出减少,从而使系统输出随接收线圈位置偏移波动平缓。提出方形解耦线圈结构参数的设计方法,并分析发射端并联补偿电容对输出抗偏移性能的影响。最后,搭建实验平台验证该方法的有效性与系统的抗偏移能力。

自主研发高分辨盆腔专用线圈在3.0 T磁共振设备成像价值的评估

目的探讨自主研发的16通道高分辨盆腔专用线圈(16C)在3.0 T盆腔MRI中的应用价值。材料和方法前瞻性招募35例行盆腔MRI的患者,分别用16C线圈和32通道的体部线圈(32C)采集相同的轴位和矢状位T2WI序列。比较相同序列图像中第三骶椎、子宫肌层、前列腺外周带、直肠壁和闭孔内肌的信噪比(signal to noise ratio,SNR)及对比噪声比(contrast to noise ratio,CNR)。由两位诊断医师各自对两组图像质量和直肠轴位图像直肠壁分层结构的显示度进行主观评分。结果两组线圈相同序列的T2WI矢状位第三骶椎、子宫肌层、前列腺外周带和轴位闭孔内肌的SNR差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),矢状位第三骶椎、子宫肌层和轴位直肠壁对肌肉的CNR差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),16C组高于32C组。两组线圈相同序列的T2WI图像质量主观评价差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),16C组图像质量更优。在轴位T2WI直肠壁分层结构的显示度评价方面两组图像差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),16C组更优。结论16C线圈在3.0 T磁共振设备上成像质量更好,更有利于盆腔疾病的诊断。

冷轧板边部表面色差缺陷原因分析及改进措施

针对生产st13镀锌用冷轧板边部表面色差缺陷问题,对热轧板和酸洗板表面粗糙度进行了检测分析,结果表明,热轧板边部与中间部位的表面粗糙度差异大是边部表面产生色差的主要原因。结合热轧板横断面的铁皮厚度,分析了钢板表面粗糙度差异大的原因。根据实际生产情况,调整冷轧末机架轧机负荷和优化板形,改善钢板表面的色差缺陷,通过合理匹配热轧卷取温度和层流冷却模式,解决了st13钢板表面的边部色差问题。

颌骨骨内动静脉畸形介入栓塞治疗远期疗效分析

目的 :探讨通过介入栓塞方式治疗颌骨骨内动静脉畸形的有效性和安全性。方法 :回顾分析就诊于上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院的颌骨骨内动静脉畸形患者9例,在DSA引导下予以介入栓塞治疗,通过DSA观察病变范围、预测硬化剂注射剂量以使药物注射入病变腔内,并对患者疗效、不良反应和并发症进行长期随访观察。结果:9例患者中,男6例(66.7%),女3例(33.3%);年龄7~51岁,平均21.3岁。出血是患者最主要的报告症状(6例,66.7%);供血动脉包括下牙槽动脉、面动脉以及上颌动脉分支。9例患者均于全麻下接受介入栓塞治疗,共治疗20次(每例患者接受1~5次,平均2.2次/例)。无水乙醇单次平均用量为21.95 mL。20次介入栓塞治疗中,9次应用弹簧圈辅助无水乙醇栓塞治疗,共使用158枚弹簧圈,平均17.6枚/次(80枚/9次)。另有2次使用博来霉素,5次使用少量150μm PVA颗粒辅助栓塞治疗。9例患者随访时间5~11年,其中,4例治愈,3例基本治愈,2例好转,治疗有效率为100%。结论:在颌骨骨内动静脉畸形治疗中,根据临床及影像学表现正确诊断、根据DSA造影结果采用以无水乙醇为主介入栓塞方案,可减少创伤、改善症状、控制病灶,获得相对满意的治疗效果,该方案安全、有效。

应用脉冲回波的避雷线断线检测系统研究

为高效率、低成本地检测风力发电机组桨叶避雷线断线位置,设计基于脉冲回波的避雷线断线检测系统。该系统以单端行波法为原理,由信号发生模块,传感器模块,信号采集模块、控制器模块四部分构成。信号发生模块负责产生行波脉冲信号,传感器模块负责采集回波信号,信号采集模块负责将采集到的回波信号处理转化送给控制模块,控制模块负责分析回波信号,判断故障类型和故障点位置。该文对各个模块的电路和性能参数进行设计,搭建整体的检测系统。经实验验证,该系统可以精准的实现断线判断,并获得断线位置,测量误差精确到0.5 m以内。

磁传感器检测磁性纳米粒子方法研究

磁性纳米粒子表面修饰后,可以与核酸、蛋白质、重金属离子等物质结合,通过检测磁粒子的磁响应信号,可以得到待测物的含量。基于电磁学理论与隧道磁阻效应,设计了一种用于检测不同质量磁性纳米粒子磁信号的测试平台。利用COMSOL Multiphysics有限元分析软件优化了磁场产生装置,改进后的线圈在通入直流电流不变的情况下,能将磁场的均匀区域扩大1.5倍,数值提高2 Gs。新型三匝线圈的实验结果与仿真结果相比最大误差为6.25%。选择了适合常规样品的磁场检测装置,分析了各类传感器的最优测量方向,测得了磁粒子质量与输出信号的关系曲线。实验结果表明:随着悬浮液中磁粒子含量的增加,隧道磁阻(TMR)传感器的输出信号也呈上升趋势,两者为线性正比关系。

基于改进PSO-Fuzzy-PID的矿热炉电极升降控制仿真

矿热炉在运行过程中易受电极的影响,导致冶炼时耗电量增加,严重影响了产品的质量和产量,降低了生产效率。因此提出基于改进PSO-Fuzzy-PID的矿热炉电极升降控制方法。将TMR磁传感器安装到矿热炉上,获取外磁场响应信号,确定电极的实时位置。利用罗氏线圈设计二次侧电流检测系统,检测电极在运行过程中产生的二次侧电流。通过PSO算法优化Fuzzy-PID控制器的参数,建立PSO-Fuzzy-PID控制器,将二次侧电流输入PSO-Fuzzy-PID控制器中,通过调节电极二次侧电流完成矿热炉电极的升降控制。实验表明,上述方法可有效控制矿热炉的电压和电流,稳定性高,在控制响应试验中5s内可达到额定值,调节时间控制在0.5s内,所得数据证明了研究方法对矿热炉电极升降控制的效率更高。

基于电磁铁复合线圈的磁浮车悬浮间隙检测方法

针对传统电涡流传感器体积大、无法直接测量真实电磁间隙等问题,提出了一种基于电磁铁复合线圈的磁浮车悬浮间隙检测方法。首先,分析了悬浮系统等效电磁间隙检测原理,针对电磁铁和F轨表面高频涡流对复合线圈磁场耦合作用建立了复合线圈等效阻抗模型。其次,通过有限元仿真优化了复合线圈激励频率和复合线圈间隙检测系统结构以提高检测灵敏度,设计了谐振检测电路和信号解调电路有效抑制了悬浮系统与间隙检测系统之间的串扰。最后,进行了静态性能测试和悬浮实验,校正后的线性度为0.4%,恒定间隙时静态输出最大波动峰峰值为89μm,悬浮系统能够在给定间隙、阶跃扰动和偏移扰动的不同工况下稳定悬浮。实验结果表明,间隙检测的响应速度和检测误差均满足系统要求。

混合热工和水力特性的风机盘管系统建模

针对风机盘管系统建模研究中大多数未考虑水力学特性对其的影响,本文提出混合热工和水力特性的风机盘管系统建模方法,以满足实际工程中对于风机盘管系统控制的数学模型需要.在水力学模型中考虑风机盘管电动水阀,基于基尔霍夫定律建立水力平衡方程,通过遗传–粒子群相结合的优化算法(GA-PSO)求解各个盘管的水流量及对应的阀门开度;以水流量为输入,考虑风机盘管风量,采用非线性最小二乘法辨识求解其总传热系数,建立基于牛顿冷却定律的风机盘管热力学模型.实验结果表明:混合热工和水力特性的建模方法能够更好的反应风机盘管的物理过程;GA-PSO算法具有很好的稳定性和收敛性,能够更准确的求解水流量及对应的阀门开度,与实际运行数据的相对误差不超过1%;热力学模型在各种实际工况下的模型误差都低于4%,能够精确反映风机盘管的传热过程.