Family functioning mediation in tic severity and quality of life for children with Tourette syndrome

BACKGROUND Tourette syndrome(TS)is recognized as a neurodevelopmental disorder profoundly influenced by familial factors,particularly family functioning.However,the relationship among family functioning,tic severity,and quality of life in individuals with TS during childhood and adolescence remains unclear.We hypothesized that family functioning plays a role in the association between the severity of TS and quality of life in children.AIM To determine the role of family functioning in the relationship between TS severity and quality of life.METHODS This study enrolled 139 children(male/female=113/26)with TS.We assessed tic severity using the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale,quality of life via the Tourette Syndrome Quality of Life Scale,and family functioning through the Family Assessment Device.Our analysis focused on correlating these measures and exploring the mediating role of family functioning in the relationship between tic severity and quality of life.Additionally,we examined if this mediating effect varied by gender or the presence of comorbidity.RESULTS We found that family communication dysfunction had a significant mediating effect between tic severity and both psychological symptoms(indirect effect:Β=0.0038,95%confidence interval:0.0006-0.0082)as well as physical and activities of daily living impairment(indirect effect:Β=0.0029,95%confidence interval:0.0004-0.0065).For vocal tic severity,this mediation was found to be even more pronounced.Additionally,in male participants and those without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,the mediating effect of family communication dysfunction was still evident.CONCLUSION Our study highlights the impact of family functioning on the tic severity and the quality of life in children.This relationship is influenced by gender and comorbid conditions like attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Research on the Influence of Family Education on Children’s Behavioral Habits

Under the background of the all-round deepening of quality education,the cultivation of comprehensive quality has become the main theme of contemporary education reform.Good behavior and habits are of great significance to children’s future learning,growth,and development.Through literature review and other methods,this paper analyzes the current situation of children’s family education and the influence of family education on the cultivation of children’s behavioral habits and provides some strategies for cultivating children’s good behavioral habits in family education.

Family counseling of dental and oral care for preventing caries of dental during preschool age: a literature review

Incorrect family behavior in caring for the dental and oral health of preschool-aged children can affect the incidence of dental caries in these children and can cause more serious health problems in the future if not treated immediately,so it is important to find the right solution.This study aims to determine the effect of family counseling on dental and oral care for preschoolers.This study uses a narrative literature review method.Search articles using 5 databases(Pubmed,ScienceDirect,SpringerLink,ProQuest,and Google Scholar)to search for articles with the keywords family counseling AND Oral health AND Early Childhood Caries AND Behavior Change AND Family and the article selection process refers to the Flow diagram of the PRISMA Statement 2020.The results showed that there were 7 articles analyzed in this study.The implementation of family counseling has a significant effect in increasing self-efficacy,knowledge,ability,and motivation of the family,as well as the behavior of the child,to reduce the risk of dental caries in preschool-age children,taking into account several conditions.It was determined that family counseling is effective in reducing the incidence of dental caries in preschool children.

Deciphering the role of FSCN family genes in cancer:a pan-cancer bioinformatics study

Background:The Fascin(FSCN)family,comprising actin-bundling proteins,plays vital roles in cytoskeletal reorganization and cell migration.FSCN1,FSCN2,and FSCN3 are implicated in cancer progression through cell motility,invasion,and metastasis.However,their specific contributions across different cancer types remain unclear.Methods:We conducted a pan-cancer bioinformatics analysis of FSCN genes using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas.This included differential expression patterns,copy number variations(CNVs),mutations,methylation status,and correlations with tumor mutational burden,microsatellite instability,and immune checkpoint molecule expression.Differential expression was analyzed using DESeq2,while CNV and mutation analyses utilized GISTIC2.0 and MuTect2.Methylation data were assessed using the Illumina Human Methylation 450K BeadChip.Results:FSCN1 and FSCN2 showed significant differential expression in multiple cancers,often correlating with poor prognosis.FSCN3 exhibited less variability but a protective role in certain contexts.CNV analysis indicated frequent gene gains in FSCN genes,correlating with increased expression.FSCN3 had a higher mutation rate,suggesting genetic instability.Methylation analysis showed hypomethylation of FSCN1 and FSCN2 in tumors compared to normal tissues,whereas FSCN3 had minor changes.Significant associations were found between FSCN gene expression and tumor mutational burden,microsatellite instability,and immune checkpoint molecules,suggesting their involvement in tumor immunogenicity and the immune microenvironment.Conclusions:This pan-cancer analysis highlights the multifaceted roles of FSCN genes in cancer biology,emphasizing their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.FSCN1 and FSCN2 are associated with poor prognosis and aggressive phenotypes,while FSCN3 shows protective roles in specific contexts.These findings offer new avenues for cancer diagnosis and treatment,particularly in personalized medicine.Future studies should validate these findings and explore the underlying mechanisms to fully harness the clinical potential of FSCN family proteins in oncology.

De novel heterozygous copy number deletion on 7q31.31-7q31.32 involving TSPAN12 gene with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy in a Chinese family

AIM:To investigate the genetic and clinical characteristics of patients with a large heterozygous copy number deletion on 7q31.31-7q31.32.METHODS:A family with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy(FEVR)phenotype was included in the study.Whole-exome sequencing(WES)was initially used to locate copy number variations(CNVs)on 7q31.31-31.32,but failed to detect the precise breakpoint.The long-read sequencing,Oxford Nanopore sequencing Technology(ONT)was used to get the accurate breakpoint which is verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(QPCR)and Sanger Sequencing.RESULTS:The proband,along with her father and younger brother,were found to have a heterozygous 4.5 Mb CNV deletion located on 7q31.31-31.32,which included the FEVRrelated gene TSPAN12.The specific deletion was confirmed as del(7)(q31.31q31.32)chr7:g.119451239_123956818del.The proband exhibited a phase 2A FEVR phenotype,characterized by a falciform retinal fold,macular dragging,and peripheral neovascularization with leaking of fluorescence.These symptoms led to a significant decrease in visual acuity in both eyes.On the other hand,the affected father and younger brother showed a milder phenotype.CONCLUSION:The heterozygous CNV deletion located on 7q31.31-7q31.32 is associated with the FEVR phenotype.The use of long-read sequencing techniques is essential for accurate molecular diagnosis of genetic disorders.

Identification of 1q21.1 microduplication in a family:A case report

BACKGROUND Copy number variation(CNV)has become widely recognized in recent years due to the extensive use of gene screening in developmental disorders and epilepsy research.1q21.1 microduplication syndrome is a rare CNV disease that can manifest as multiple congenital developmental disorders,autism spectrum disorders,congenital malformations,and congenital heart defects with genetic heterogeneity.CASE SUMMARY We reported a pediatric patient with 1q21.1 microduplication syndrome,and carried out a literature review to determine the correlation between 1q21.1microduplication and its phenotypes.We summarized the patient’s medical history and clinical symptoms,and extracted genomic DNA from the patient,her parents,elder brother,and sister.The patient was an 8-mo-old girl who was hospitalized for recurrent convulsions over a 2-mo period.Whole exon sequencing and whole genome low-depth sequencing(CNV-seq)were then performed.Whole exon sequencing detected a 1.58-Mb duplication in the CHR1:145883867-147465312 region,which was located in the 1q21.1 region.Family analysis showed that the pathogenetic duplication fragment,which was also detected in her elder brother’s DNA originated from the mother.CONCLUSION Whole exon sequencing combined with quantitative polymerase chain reaction can provide an accurate molecular diagnosis in children with 1q21.1 microduplication syndrome,which is of great significance for genetic counseling and early intervention.

The Role of Family in Children with PTSD after Natural Disasters

Parents are the most important and reliable resource for their children to seeking for helps and support. Particularly in the aftermath of natural disasters, the role of family is considered to play an important and significant role in children with PTSD, either are risk factors or protective ones. In this paper, the literature in relation to the effects of family factors in children with PTSD are reviewed, with the aim of exploring both the risk and protective family factors associated with the PTSD symptoms in children. It is concluded that separation from families, parental psychopathology, and parent maladaptive coping strategies have been suggested o constitute risk factors, whereas positive parental emotionality, warm and open family environment have been found to be protective. Some critiques of PTSD concept, its cross-cultural validity, and assessment of children with PTSD are also revealed in this review.

The Influences of Family, Peers, School and Media in Children's Prosocial Behaviors

Children's skills of social interaction is a significant index of their following psychological development. Prosocial behaviors which influenced by many factors are fundamental representatives of social interaction. Present essay illustrates an indepth review of literature concerning the impacts of family,peers, school and media in Children's prosocial behaviors and also indicates the limitations of each research.

Relevance of Family in Academic Success on Children

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between academic success and functional and dysfunctional families. A non-experimental, cross-sectional, descriptive correlational design was used. A convenience sample of 200 children between 6 and 13 years old, primary and junior high school students was conducted (32.3% were female and 67.7% were male). To assess the relationship, a study case of 21 reagents was designed to empty the obtained information from medical review records from a psychopedagogic clinic. Academic success was measured as from the revision of informal tests and standardized tests. Results showed that the population levels of academic success were average. However, a significant relationship between the age of the parents and the level of academic success was found, indicating that these variables are associated with this problem. Besides that, it was found that there is a tendency in children with cognitive, emotional and sensory problems reflected in low academic success. The findings provide information that could be considered for the development of programs of psychopedagogic intervention to treat children with learning disabilities and low academic success.

Roles and Hopes of Family Members Living with SMID Children in Japan

The number of children with Severe Motor and Intellectual Disabilities (SMID) receiving medical treatment/recovering at home is rising yearly. Although benefits of this care are emphasized, the stress and duties of family members in the household are extremely great, especially because Japan is becoming a society of nuclear families. In this study, we described the lifestyles of nuclear families providing in-home medical care for children with SMID, focusing on family members’ roles. Roles of mothers, fathers, and siblings of children with SMID were summarized from semi-structured inter-views. As a result, for “the roles of each family member living with a child with SMID”, mothers had five roles, fathers seven, and siblings five. For “the hopes of each family member living with a child with SMID”, parents desired the whole family collaboration in care for children with SMID, and as caregivers, parents’ common thoughts included wanting siblings in order to help care for the child with SMID and wanting siblings to treasure their own lives. Siblings wanted their mother to have some time for rest and expected their fathers to have two main roles. They also expected their grandparents and other siblings to fulfill roles.

Patterns of HIV Diagnosis Disclosure to Infected Children and Family Members: Data from a Paediatric Antiretroviral Program in South Africa

The study examined the patterns of disclosing the HIV diagnosis to infected children and family members, and determined the demographic characteristics associated with disclosure. Semi structured interviews were conducted with caregivers of HIV infected children aged 4 - 17 years receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART). A total of 149 caregivers were recruited from a paediatric HIV clinic of a district hospital in South Africa. Caregivers reported that 59 (39.6%) children were told their HIV diagnosis, and majority 36 (61%) were informed of the diagnosis by people other than their biological mothers. Older child age was a determining factor for HIV disclosure to children, 22 (37.2%) learned of their HIV diagnosis between 11 and 16 years. The mean age of disclosed children was 10.6 years. Caregivers took about 3 years after the initial HIV diagnosis to disclose to children, while 143 (99.3%) caregivers reported that disclosure to family members happened immediately after the child's HIV diagnosis. About 28 (31.5%) non-disclosed caregivers planned to disclose to the child between 12 and 18 years, while 13 (14.6%) were not sure about the ideal age to disclose to the child. The lack of consensus regarding the appropriate age for disclosure and the delayed age for future disclosure, suggest that despite increased access to ART for children, there are still significant barriers to disclosing HIV to infected children in this setting. There is a need for health care providers to support caregivers to disclose shortly after diagnosis especially in view of the older age of diagnosis among children enrolled in ART program in this setting.

Mutual Experiences of Japanese Parents and Their Children When Late School-Age Children Engage in Meal-Related Family Routines: A Qualitative Analysis of Parent and Child Dyads

Purpose: The objective of the present study was to identify the type of experiences that parents and their children have with each other when late-school age children take on roles in family routines related to daily meals. Methods: A grounded theory approach was used. The participants were children in the 4th, 5th, and 6th grades of elementary school and their main caregivers. First, 10 parent and child dyads were interviewed using a semi-structured schedule. Next, online group interviews were conducted for 17 parent and child dyads to deductively confirm the categories. Results: The average age of the subjects was 41.9 years for parents and 10.4 years for children in parent-child interviews, and 41.1 years for parents and 9.6 years for children in group interviews. Six categories emerged with nineteen subcategories. Conclusions: Experiences mutually nurtured by parents and their children included experiences in which children used negotiation and conversation skills to consensually engage in family routines related to meals. It also included experiences that socialized the children in family life and fostered good communication. The six categories will be useful for healthcare professionals and school authorities in providing health guidance that addresses health functions of late school-age children and their families.

Factors Influencing the Number of Rabies Cases in Children in China

To understand the epidemic situation and factors influencing rabies cases in children in China, we obtained an overview of the current epidemic based on individual data of rabies cases in children and a descriptive analysis was carried on the prevalence and related factors. The results showed that the rabies cases in children accounted for 21.3% of the total number of rabies cases in China, 97.0% of these cases occurred in rural areas, they were mainly caused by dogs （81.5%）, and were primarily level Ill exposure （47.7%）. More than half of the cases were not treated with wound care, vaccination rate was extremely low （15.7%）, and only 5.9% of cases were injected with antibodies. Furthermore, 25.4% of cases adopted incorrect treatments such as extruding bleed and wound closure, cases vaccinated with 5 injections acco- unted for only 22.5%. In conclusion, the prevalence of rabies cases in children in China remains a serious concern, the number and immune status of dogs in rural areas, and knowledge of rabies by risk populations should be considered in future rabies prevention and control programs.

A Study of the Effects of Family Precepts,Rules and Ethics on Children’s Education During the Tang Dynasty

From the perspectives of the prosperity of the Sui and Tang dynasties,the rise and fall of the aristocrats and the prevalence of the imperial examination,this paper studies the impact of family precepts,rules,and ethics on children’s education.I believe that an important feature of family precepts in the Tang Dynasty was the development of the cultural tradition of poetry and literature study within the family,which promoted virtues like loyalty,filial piety,diligence,frugality and modesty and had a profound influence on future generations.The rise and fall of Tang Dynasty families was closely related to family precepts,rules,ethics,and learning.Famous and respectable families often regarded these traits as important means to maintain the family’s status,which objectively promoted the development of family scholarship and the importance of children’s education in the Tang Dynasty.The concept of learning as a“carry-on treasure”has become a common belief among scholars and has played a positive role in educating Chinese society,enriching our culture,and keeping society in order.

How Do Family Structure and Family Process Matter?A Comparative Study on the Impacts of Military Deployment and Single Parenthood on Children’s Psychological Well-Being

Children from two-parent families have better outcomes,on average,than children from single-parent families.Yet the mechanisms associated with family structure and family process that produce divergent outcomes are less well understood.Based on data from the 2011-2015 National Health Interview Survey(N=26,783),I leverage the case of military families with deployment and examine the impacts of parenting quality,economic capital,and social capital on children’s psychological well-being.The regression results show that single parenthood produced by divorce,separation,and birth out of wedlock leads to worse child outcomes than single parenthood produced by military deployment,and family process partially explains the variation in children’s well-being beyond family structure.Married families,military or civilian,deployed or not,enjoy advantages that translate into positive child outcomes.Marriage,therefore,emerges as the primary axis of inequality,and maintaining a healthy marriage better promotes children’s well-being.

Associations between IL-1RN variable number of tandem repeat, IL-1β (-511) and IL-1β (+3954) gene polymorphisms and urolithiasis in Uighur children of China

Objective:Interleukin-1(IL-1)is a pro-inflammatory cytokine which may be related to urolithiasis.Genetic polymorphisms of the interleukin-1beta(IL-1β)have been proposed as markers for urolithiasis in some areas.Due to the high incidence of urolithiasis in Uighur children(Xinjiang,China)and existence of ethnic difference,our aim is to explore the potential of IL-1 gene polymorphisms and urolithiasis among these children.Methods:Genomic DNA extracted from peripheral blood of 115 patients and 98 controls were used for genotype polymorphisms analyses.IL-1 receptor antagonist(IL-1RN)gene variable number of tandem repeat(VNTR)gene polymorphisms were analyzed by PCR method.PCR-based restriction analysis was done for the IL-1β(-511)and IL-1β(+3954)gene polymorphisms by endonucleases Ava I and Taq I,respectively.The genotype distribution,allele frequencies,carriage rate,and haplotype frequencies were statistically analyzed.Results:No significant differences were observed in genotypic frequencies between pediatric urolithiasis patients and control group for IL-1RN gene(χ^(2)=1.906,p=0.605),IL-1β(-511)gene(χ^(2)=0.105,p=0.949),or IL-1β(+3954)gene(χ^(2)=3.635,p=0.169).There were yet no significant differences of the allele frequencies of IL-1RN VNTR gene(p=0.779),IL-1β(-511)gene(p=0.941),and IL-1β(+3954)gene(p=0.418)in the case and control groups,as well as the carriage rate and haplotype of them(all p>0.05).Conclusions:The associations between IL-1RN VNTR,IL-1β(-511)and IL-1β(+3954)genes polymorphisms and urolithiasis were not significant in Uighur children.The results need to be confirmed in studies with larger population sample size,as well as in other ethnic groups.

Logical Extension of the Children’s Right to Family Life from the Perspective of International Human Rights Covenants

From the perspective of international human rights covenants,the family is the group unit for human life and the fundamental unit of society.Family life is the basic lifestyle of human beings.It is the right,by birth,of the individual to enjoy a normal life within the family.The survival and healthy development of children are inseparable from the family,and living with their parents or other family members is fundamental to guaranteeing the survival and growth of the children and realizing their value of life.Children’s right to family life is an important human right that has connotations fundamental to their lives,and should be safeguarded by both the law and Constitution.

The relationship of family separation and nutrition status among under-five children: a cross-sectional study in Panti Public Health Center, Jember Regency of East Java, Indonesia

Background:Nowdays,both of parents are working to fulfill their family needs and family financial.However,this condition effected separation of family that have a negative impact for children.Children can lose of a primary caregiver who can endanger the welfare of children.Purpose:To analyzed the relationship between family separation and nutritional status of under-five children aged in Panti District of Jember Regency.Methods:A cross-sectional design was conducted among 53 families using total sampling.A family background questionnaire was used to measure sociodemographics and separation of family.Among 53 families were 78.2%of separation with father,while 38.6%of children with a good nutrition status.Kruskal Wallis and One-Way Anova was performed to answer the objective of this study.Results:The result showed that,there were no correlation between length of separation with nutritional status(F=0.377;P-value=0,688).Meanwhile,distance of separation wascorrelated with nutritional status(c2=8.310;P-value=0,016).Conclusion:Parents need to improve relationships,communication and the distribution of proper autonomy in family.It can make the nutritional status and health level of the child becomes better.

Cluster sampling methodology to evaluate immunization coverage

BACKGROUND Immunization is a key component of primary health care and an indisputable human right.Vaccines are critical to the prevention and control of infectious disease outbreaks.The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic and associated disruptions over the past two years have strained the health systems,with many children missing out on essential childhood vaccines.AIM To evaluate the immunization coverage among 12-23-month-old children in the rural areas of Community Health Centre(CHC)Dighal and to determine the factors influencing the existing immunization coverage.METHODS A coverage evaluation survey was conducted according to the 30-cluster sampling technique,which is the standard methodology for such surveys devised by World Health Organization.A total of 300 children aged 12-23 months were included,whose immunization details were noted from their immunization cards.RESULTS Full immunization rate was noted in 86.7%of the children,with partial and non-immunized children accounting for 9%and 4.3%respectively.The full immunization dropout rate was 4.2%.The common reasons for partial or non-immunization were family problem including illness of mother,vaccine not being available and child being ill.Place of birth(P=0.014)and availability of immunization card(P<0.001)were significant predictors of the immunization status.Since the study was conducted in 2020/2021,health services were disrupted due to the COVID-19 lockdown.CONCLUSION Due to the coverage being higher than the national average,it was concluded that the immunization coverage was optimal and not affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Improvement of the Legal System for Addressing the Issue of Elderly Care in China in the Context of Population Aging

Rapid population aging is a social reality facing China at present,and the issue of elderly care has become a hot topic of social concern.Legislation to address the issue of elderly care in the context of population aging should follow systematic concepts to achieve“vertical and horizontal integration.”In terms of content,it is necessary to formulate specific legal approaches around“the elderly and children,”with a focus on guaranteeing the livelihood and protection of the rights of the elderly while taking into account childbirth,employment and other issues.the laws should not only safeguard the social participation and labor rights of the elderly,but also effectively respond to the social challenges brought about by the aging of the population.It is also necessary to optimize the family planning policy to ease the burden of child-raising,improve the population structure and promote the long-term balanced development of the population,thus fundamentally solving the problem of population aging.the effort to improve the legal system to deal with the issue of elderly care in the context of population aging will better advance Chinese modernization.