THE VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATION OF NONLINEAR NUMERICAL MANIFOLD METHOD

The physical-cover-oriented variational principle of nonlinear numerical manifold method (NNMM) for the analysis of plastical problems is put forward according to the displacement model and the characters of numerical manifold method (NMM). The theoretical calculating formulations and the controlling equation of NNMM are derived. As an example, the plate with a hole in the center is calculated and the results show that the solution precision and efficiency of NNMM are agreeable.

THE VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLE AND APPLICATION OF NUMERICAL MANIFOLD METHOD

The physical-cover-oriented variational principle of numerical manifold method (NMM) for the analysis of linear elastic static problems was put forward according to the displacement model and the characters of numerical manifold method. ne theoretical calculating formulations and the controlling equation of NMM were derived. As an example, the plate with a hole in the center is calculated and the results show that the solution precision and efficiency of NMM are agreeable.

THEORETICAL STUDY OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL NUMERICAL MANIFOLD METHOD

The three-dimensional numerical manifold method（NMM） is studied on the basis of two-dimensional numerical manifold method. The three-dimensional cover displacement function is studied. The mechanical analysis and Hammer integral method of three-dimensional numerical manifold method are put forward. The stiffness matrix of three-dimensional manifold element is derived and the dissection rules are given. The theoretical system and the numerical realizing method of three-dimensional numerical manifold method are systematically studied. As an example, the cantilever with load on the end is calculated, and the results show that the precision and efficiency are agreeable.

Numerical Manifold Method and Its Application in the Study of Crustal Movements in the Sichuan-Yunnan Area

The numerical manifold method （NMM） can calculate the movements and deformations of structures or materials. Both the finite element method （FEM） for continua and the discontinuous deformation analysis （DDA） for block systems are special cases of NMM. NMM has separate mathematical covers and physical meshes： the mathematical covers define only fine or rough approximations; as the real material boundary, the physical mesh defines the integration fields. The mathematical covers are triangle units; the physical mesh includes the fault boundaries, joints, blocks and interfaces of different crust zones on the basis of a geological tectonic background. Aiming at the complex problem of continuous and discontinuous deformation across the Chinese continent, the numerical manifold method （NMM） is brought in to study crustal movement of the Stchuan-Yunnan area. Based on the GPS velocity field in the Sichuan-Yunnan area, a crustal strain and stress field is simulated and analyzed. Moreover, results show that the NMM is a more suitable method than DDA in simulating the movement of the Sichuan-Yunnan area. Finally, a kind of mechanism of crustal motion in the Sichuan-Yunnan area is discussed in the paper.

Three-dimensional numerical manifold method for heat conduction problems with a simplex integral on the boundary

The three-dimensional numerical manifold method(3D-NMM),which is based on the derivation of Galerkin's variation,is a powerful calculation tool that uses two cover systems.The 3D-NMM can be used to handle continue-discontinue problems and extend to THM coupling.In this study,we extended the 3D-NMM to simulate both steady-state and transient heat conduction problems.The modelling was carried out using the raster methods(RSM).For the system equation,a variational method was employed to drive the discrete equations,and the crucial boundary conditions were solved using the penalty method.To solve the boundary integral problem,the face integral of scalar fields and two-dimensional simplex integration were used to accurately describe the integral on polygonal boundaries.Several numerical examples were used to verify the results of 3D steady-state and transient heat-conduction problems.The numerical results indicated that the 3D-NMM is effective for handling 3D both steadystate and transient heat conduction problems with high solution accuracy.

The fast method and convergence analysis of the fractional magnetohydrodynamic coupled flow and heat transfer model for the generalized second-grade fluid

In this paper,we first establish a new fractional magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)coupled flow and heat transfer model for a generalized second-grade fluid.This coupled model consists of a fractional momentum equation and a heat conduction equation with a generalized form of Fourier law.The second-order fractional backward difference formula is applied to the temporal discretization and the Legendre spectral method is used for the spatial discretization.The fully discrete scheme is proved to be stable and convergent with an accuracy of O(τ^(2)+N-r),whereτis the time step-size and N is the polynomial degree.To reduce the memory requirements and computational cost,a fast method is developed,which is based on a globally uniform approximation of the trapezoidal rule for integrals on the real line.The strict convergence of the numerical scheme with this fast method is proved.We present the results of several numerical experiments to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.Finally,we simulate the unsteady fractional MHD flow and heat transfer of the generalized second-grade fluid through a porous medium.The effects of the relevant parameters on the velocity and temperature are presented and analyzed in detail.

PARALLEL REGION PRESERVING MULTISECTION METHOD FOR SOLVING GENERALIZED EIGENPROBLEM

The parallel multisection method for solving algebraic eigenproblem has been presented in recent years with the development of the parallel computers, but all the research work is limited in standard eigenproblems of symmetric tridiagonal matrix. The multisection method for solving the generalized eigenproblem applied significantly in many science and engineering domains has not been studied. The parallel region preserving multisection method (PRM for short) for solving generalized eigenproblems of large sparse and real symmetric matrix is presented in this paper. This method not only retains the advantages of the conventional determinant search method (DS for short), but also overcomes its disadvantages such as leaking roots and disconvergence. We have tested the method on the YH 1 vector computer, and compared it with the parallel region preserving determinant search method the parallel region preserving bisection method (PRB for short). The numerical results show that PRM has a higher speed up, for instance, it attains the speed up of 7.7 when the scale of the problem is 2 114 and the eigenpair found is 3, and PRM is superior to PRB when the scale of the problem is large.

Numerical manifold method based on isogeometric analysis

In this study, numerical manifold method(NMM) coupled with non-uniform rational B-splines(NURBS) and T-splines in the context of isogeometric analysis is proposed to allow for the treatments of complex geometries and local refinement. Computational formula for a 9-node NMM based on quadratic B-splines is derived. In order to exactly represent some common free-form shapes such as circles, arcs, and ellipsoids, quadratic non-uniform rational B-splines(NURBS) are introduced into NMM. The coordinate transformation based on the basis function of NURBS is established to enable exact integration for the manifold elements containing those shapes. For the case of crack propagation problems where singular fields around crack tips exist, local refinement technique by the application of T-spline discretizations is incorporated into NMM, which facilitates a truly local refinement without extending the entire row of control points. A local refinement strategy for the 4-node mathematical cover mesh based on T-splines and Lagrange interpolation polynomial is proposed. Results from numerical examples show that the 9-node NMM based on NURBS has higher accuracies. The coordinate transformation based on the NURBS basis function improves the accuracy of NMM by exact integration. The local mesh refinement using T-splines reduces the number of degrees of freedom while maintaining calculation accuracy at the same time.

Two-dimensional numerical manifold method with multilayer covers

In order to reach the best numerical properties with the numerical manifold method(NMM),uniform finite element meshes are always favorite while constructing mathematical covers,where all the elements are congruent.In the presence of steep gradients or strong singularities,in principle,the locally-defined special functions can be added into the NMM space by means of the partition of unity,but they are not available to those complex problems with heterogeneity or nonlinearity,necessitating local refinement on uniform meshes.This is believed to be one of the most important open issues in NMM.In this study multilayer covers are proposed to solve this issue.In addition to the first layer cover which is the global cover and covers the whole problem domain,the second and higher layer covers with smaller elements,called local covers,are used to cover those local regions with steep gradients or strong singularities.The global cover and the local covers have their own partition of unity,and they all participate in the approximation to the solution.Being advantageous over the existing procedures,the proposed approach is easy to deal with any arbitrary-layer hanging nodes with no need to construct super-elements with variable number of edge nodes or introduce the Lagrange multipliers to enforce the continuity between small and big elements.With no limitation to cover layers,meanwhile,the creation of an even error distribution over the whole problem domain is significantly facilitated.Some typical examples with steep gradients or strong singularities are analyzed to demonstrate the capacity of the proposed approach.

An h-adaptive numerical manifold method for solid mechanics problems

The numerical manifold method(NMM) features its dual cover systems, namely the mathematical cover and physical cover,which provide a unified framework for mechanics problems involving continuum and discontinuum deformation. Uniform finite element meshes can be and are usually used to construct the mathematical cover. Though this strategy can handle different kinds of problems in a unified way, it is not economical for cases with steep deformation gradients or singularities. In this paper, using the recovery-based error estimator, an h-adaptive NMM on quadtree meshes is proposed to deal with such cases. The quadtree meshes serve as the mathematical meshes, on which the local refinement is carried out. When the quadtree meshes are refined,the corresponding mathematical cover, physical cover and manifold elements are updated accordingly. To handle the hanging nodes in the quadtree meshes, we resort to mean value coordinates. Comparing to the refinement based on manifold elements,the proposed strategy guarantees consistent structured meshes throughout the adaptive process, thus retaining the unique feature of original NMM. In contrast with polygonal finite element method, an advantage of the proposed method is that the meshes do not need to conform to the crack face and material boundary, which means the adaptive NMM is very suitable for problems with complex geometric boundary. Several representative mechanics problems, including crack problems, are analyzed to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed method. It is demonstrated that the proposed adaptive NMM has higher accuracy and better performance comparing to uniform refinement strategy.

不等间距拼宽T梁桥拼接段传力机理分析

为了验证广义梁格法计算的精确性,通过空间梁格法分析主梁非等间距拼宽对拼宽直梁桥受力性能的影响,并开展不同拼宽横梁间距对拼宽直梁桥内力横向分布的影响研究。结果表明:拼宽直梁桥广义梁格法计算内力横向分布的结果与空间梁格法计算所得的结果非常接近,各主梁挠度横向分布影响线计算结果最大偏差Δ_(dmax)在10%以内。主梁非等间距拼宽会使拼宽直梁桥的主梁内力横向分配变得不均匀,主梁拼宽间距(bc)<主梁一般间距(b0)时各主梁内力横向分布系数最大值与最小值的差值为0.533,比主梁等间距拼宽的差值大87.0%;bc>b0时各主梁内力横向分布系数最大值与最小值的差值为0.350,比主梁等间距拼宽的差值大23.2%。拼宽直梁桥的拼宽横梁受力性能分析可得:bc0时,拼宽横梁的弯矩影响线数值主要分布在负弯矩区;bc=b0时,拼宽横梁的弯矩影响线数值在正负弯矩区几乎均匀分布,bc>b0时,拼宽横梁的弯矩影响线数值主要分布在正弯矩区。因此在设计计算时,须考虑正弯矩和负弯矩的绝对值的最大值进行设计。

Fundamentals and progress of the manifold method based on independent covers

Aiming to solve mesh generation,computational stability,accuracy control,and other problems encountered with existing numerical methods,such as the finite element method and the finite volume method,a new numerical computational method for continuum mechanics,namely the manifold method based on independent covers(MMIC),is proposed based on the concept of mathematical manifolds,to form partitioned series solutions of partial differential equations.As partitions,the cover meshes have the characteristics of arbitrary shape,arbitrary connection,and arbitrary refinement.They are expected to fundamentally solve the mesh generation problem and can also simulate the precise geometric boundaries of the CAD model and strictly impose boundary conditions.In the selection of series solutions,local analytical solutions(such as series solutions at crack tips and series solutions in infinite domains)or proper forms of complete series can be used to reflect the local or global characteristics of the physical field to accelerate convergence.Various applications are presented.A new method of beam,plate,and shell analysis is proposed.The deformation characteristics of beams,plates,and shells are simulated with polynomial series of suitable forms,and the analysis of curved beams and shells with accurate geometric representation is realized.For the static elastic analysis of two-dimensional structures,a mesh splitting algorithm is proposed,and h-p version adaptive analysis is carried out with error estimation.Thus,automatic computation integrated with CAD is attempted.Adaptive analysis is also attempted for the solution of differential equations of fluids.For the one-dimensional convection-diffusion equation and Burgers equation,calculation results with high precision are obtained in strong convection and shock wave simulations,avoiding nonphysical oscillations.And solving the two-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equation is also attempted.The series solution formula is used to obtain the physical quantity of interest of the material at a space point to eliminate the convection terms.Thus,geometrically nonlinear problems can be analyzed in fixed meshes,and a new method of free surface tracking is proposed.

大容量发电机保护断路器用弧触头系统动力学研究

大容量发电机保护断路器是大型发电机组重要的保护装置,其灭弧室内采用主、弧触头异速的运动装置,弧触头系统采用了新型的五连杆机构,文中分析了该运动装置的弧触头系统的受力特性。针对大容量发电机断路器用弧触头系统高速运动、大动力传动且通过分段连续轨道实现异速的特点,首先采用向量和矩阵相结合的解析法计入惯性力;然后研究各段曲线轨道对滚子作用力的共性关系,建立了计入惯性力的通用矩阵模型;最后采用数值分析的迭代法计入摩擦力,获得了异速弧触头系统的动力学特性。文中介绍的动力学研究模型及分析方法可为大容量发电机断路器系列产品用弧触头系统的受力分析提供理论依据,适用于大容量发电机断路器用弧触头系统的设计及优化。

电动磁浮列车用直线谐波发电机发电特性计算

为研究高速磁悬浮车辆直线谐波发电机的发电特性,首先,基于空间谐波法,提出超导线圈的磁动势分布模型,并推导超导线圈在三维空间内磁感应强度分布公式;其次,基于悬浮线圈与超导线圈间的电磁耦合关系,计算悬浮线圈电流的感应磁场,分析得知悬浮线圈五次谐波磁场用于感应集电;然后,将悬浮线圈五次谐波磁场作为集电线圈的激励,推导集电线圈感应电动势的解析式;最后,以日本山梨线MLX01型磁浮列车为工程背景,利用数值解析值、有限元仿真和日本山梨线实测数据进行了对比分析.研究结果表明:超导线圈磁感应强度、感应电动势和集电功率的解析值与有限元仿真、实测数据的相对误差均在10%以内,验证了磁动势分布模型和解析模型的有效性;列车速度大于100 km/h时,悬浮线圈电流及其感应磁场趋于饱和;集电线圈感应电动势与列车运行速度近似呈线性关系,集电功率与速度呈二次非线性关系;列车速度500 km/h时,集电功率为43.3 kW;列车速度在380 km/h时达到25.0 kW的目标集电功率,保证了磁悬浮车辆车载供电的可靠性.

岩体工程数值流形方法的固定边界约束处理方法

在岩体工程数值流形方法分析中,往往存在较多的固定约束边界。目前,数值流形方法一般采用罚函数方法处理固定边界问题,但罚弹簧的布置与大小对数值模拟的效果有一定的影响,且处理方式也比较复杂。基于流形单元上位移函数的组成提出固定约束处理的新方法,将固定边界的约束处理转化为对广义节点的约束处理,改变广义节点上的覆盖函数使固定边界的约束条件得到严格满足,并推导相应的流形单元刚度矩阵。该方法在物理意义上严格满足固定边界的约束条件,同时简化了处理工作,有利于数值流形方法程序的实现和工程应用。

流形切割及有限元网格覆盖下的三维流形单元生成

三维流形单元生成和接触搜索算法问题是制约三维数值流形方法发展的瓶颈问题。系统详细地研究三维流形单元的生成方法,在前人工作基础上,采用三维有限元网格生成技术生成数学网格;通过块体数据结构、块体识别算法等方面的改进,将三维块体切割技术发展成流形切割技术,来解决流形块体生成问题;将石根华博士在二维NMM程序中采用的物理覆盖系统编码算法,扩展成三维流形编码算法,进而实现三维流形单元的生成。并在此基础上开发三维流形切割程序3D_MC.f90,可以实现四面体及六面体网格覆盖下任意形状三维流形单元的生成。通过几个例子可以看出,三维流形切割程序生成的流形块体形态、流形单元的节点与单元编码等均满足三维流形单元定义要求,从流形切割角度来看,说明此算法是正确的。

岩体弹塑性分析的数值流形方法

利用参变量变分原理建立了弹塑性分析的数值流形方法。该方法处理非关联塑性流动问题十分方便,并且在每个增量步中不需要迭代计算,计算效率高。计算表明,该法在岩体弹塑性分析中是有效的。

数值流形方法的变分原理与应用

针对线弹性体静力问题 ,根据数值流形方法的特点及相应的位移模式 ,得到了面向物理覆盖的数值流形方法的变分原理 ,详细推导了基于变分原理的数值流形方法的理论计算公式 ,建立了数值流形方法的控制方程· 作为实际应用 ,给出了相应的数值算例 ,结果表明 。

数值流形方法的网格自动剖分技术及其数值方法

数值流形方法包含数学覆盖与物理覆盖双重网格,数学网格用以构造流形单元的插值函数,物理覆盖确定了流形单元的积分区域。数值流形方法的前处理一直是一个难题。讨论了数值流形方法的网格自动生成技术,解决了数值流形方法的前处理问题。无论是连续性材料还是非连续性材料,数学覆盖都保持不变,因此,借助现有的有限元技术生成数值流形方法的数学网格,利用面向对象的编程方法生成了数值流形方法的物理网格。实例应用表明,这种方法是可行的和有效的。

颗粒离散元方法中接触模型的开发

在对颗粒离散元方法的理论基础进行深入研究的基础上,推导了广义Kelvin模型颗粒间接触力的理论解和数值解;采用面向对象的程序技术,通过颗粒离散元程序的接口,研制了广义Kelvin接触模型颗粒离散元计算程序;通过算例,验证了程序编制的正确性。在此基础上,以某深埋隧洞为例,计算不同接触本构模型条件下岩体的开裂破坏情况。结果表明,相对于弹性接触关系,采用广义Kelvin接触模型得出的结果与由Hoek-Brown强度准则得出的计算图更为接近。