Numerical Computation in Airflow Field of Compact Spinning with Pneumatic Groove

In compact spinning with pneumatic groove,the computational fluid dynamic model,computed with parallel technologies & Fluent 6.3,is developed to simulate the flow field in condensing zone with 3D computational fluid dynamic (CFD) technology.Flowing state,distribution rules of static pressure,and velocity in condensing zone are characterized and analyzed.The results show that the fiber bundle in compact spinning with pneumatic groove is compacted by airflow and the shape of the pneumatic groove,and the static pressure in condensing zone is negative,as well as the velocity of airflow in condensing zone is not zero.The fluctuation frequencies of the static pressure and velocity near the bottom of the pneumatic groove are relatively higher,and the number of the fluctuation is equal to that of the round holes in condensing zone.

Wind Tunnel Test and Numerical Computation on Ice Accretion on Blade Airfoil for Straight-bladed VAWT

To invest the condition of ice accretion on the blade used for straight-bladed vertical axis wind turbine （SB-VAWT）, wind tunnel tests were carried out on a blade with NACA0015 airfoil by using a small simple icing wind tunnel. Tests were carried out at some typical attack angles under different wind speeds and flow discharges of a water spray with wind. The icing shape and area on blade surface were recorded and measured, Then the numerical computation was carded out to calculate the lift and drag coefficients of the blade before and after ice accretion according to the experiment result, the effect of icing on the aerodynamic characteristics of blade were discussed.

Numerical Computation of Figure-eight Solution for 3-body Problems

The main goal of this paper is to compute the Figure-eight solutions for the planar Newtonian 3-body problem with equal masses by finding the critical points of the functional associated with the motion equations of 3-body in plane R2. The algorithm adopted here is the steepest descent method, which is simple but very valid for our problem.

Pulse cleaning flow models and numerical computation of candle ceramic filters

Analytical and numerical computed models are developed for reverse pulse cleaning system of candle ceramic filters. A standard turbulent model is demonstrated suitably to the designing computation of reverse pulse cleaning system from the experimental and one dimensional computational result. The computed results can be used to guide the designing of reverse pulse cleaning system, which is optimum Venturi geometry. From the computed results, the general conclusions and the designing methods are obtained.

Advances in numerical computation based mechanical system design and simulation

This paper highlights the available numerical computation techniques in mechanical engineering field with focus on application of modeling and simulation within renewable energy conversion machines as a particular research case. The study makes special focus on simulation approaches based on finite elements and multibody dynamics that are currently focused within the research community. Developing the simulation model in a computer-aided design （CAD） tool is a precondition for a successful simulation-based mechanical system research. The article discusses and elaborates the methods imple- mented to integrate design data with other computer-aided engineering functions. The motivation is the fact that simulation-based research is useful for design optimization of mechanical systems that operate in harsh and unfriendly environment where conducting physical testing of proto- types is difficult. In addition, the manufacturing environ- ment is benefiting from the developments in numerical computation techniques through machining simulation that significantly reduce the time-to-market and thus increase competitiveness. The study is also intended to explore the existing gaps of capabilities in current approaches in application of computational techniques in order to draw at- tention to future challenges and trends.

A MIXED FINITE ELEMENT AND CHARACTERISTIC MIXED FINITE ELEMENT FOR INCOMPRESSIBLE MISCIBLE DARCY-FORCHHEIMER DISPLACEMENT AND NUMERICAL ANALYSIS

In this paper a mixed finite element-characteristic mixed finite element method is discussed to simulate an incompressible miscible Darcy-Forchheimer problem.The flow equation is solved by a mixed finite element and the approximation accuracy of Darch-Forchheimer velocity is improved one order.The concentration equation is solved by the method of mixed finite element,where the convection is discretized along the characteristic direction and the diffusion is discretized by the zero-order mixed finite element method.The characteristics can confirm strong stability at sharp fronts and avoids numerical dispersion and nonphysical oscillation.In actual computations the characteristics adopts a large time step without any loss of accuracy.The scalar unknowns and its adjoint vector function are obtained simultaneously and the law of mass conservation holds in every element by the zero-order mixed finite element discretization of diffusion flux.In order to derive the optimal 3/2-order error estimate in L^(2) norm,a post-processing technique is included in the approximation to the scalar unknowns.Numerical experiments are illustrated finally to validate theoretical analysis and efficiency.This method can be used to solve such an important problem.

Design of a Computational Heuristic to Solve the Nonlinear Liénard Differential Model

In this study,the design of a computational heuristic based on the nonlinear Liénard model is presented using the efficiency of artificial neural networks(ANNs)along with the hybridization procedures of global and local search approaches.The global search genetic algorithm(GA)and local search sequential quadratic programming scheme(SQPS)are implemented to solve the nonlinear Liénard model.An objective function using the differential model and boundary conditions is designed and optimized by the hybrid computing strength of the GA-SQPS.The motivation of the ANN procedures along with GA-SQPS comes to present reliable,feasible and precise frameworks to tackle stiff and highly nonlinear differentialmodels.The designed procedures of ANNs along with GA-SQPS are applied for three highly nonlinear differential models.The achieved numerical outcomes on multiple trials using the designed procedures are compared to authenticate the correctness,viability and efficacy.Moreover,statistical performances based on different measures are also provided to check the reliability of the ANN along with GASQPS.

Computation and Validation of Parameter Effects on Lobed Mixer-Ejector Performances

Three-dimensional numerical computation of the flow fields and pumping performances for the lobed mixer-ejector are conducted using full Navier-Stokes equations. In the computation, the inlet of the primary flow uses the mass flowrate boundary condition. The inlet of the second flow and the outlet of the mixing flow use the pressure boundary condition. Compared with the relative experimental resuits, it is shown that the present calculation is reasonable. And a series of numerical studies is performed to obtain the effects of area ratio and length-to-diameter ratio of mixing duct on pumping coefficient and thermal mixing efficiency of a lobed mixer-ejector.

Numerical modeling dynamic process of multi-feed microwave heating of industrial solution media

The exothermic efficiency of microwave heating an electrolyte/water solution is remarkably high due to the dielectric heating by orientation polarization of water and resistance heating by the Joule process occurred simultaneously compared with pure water.A three-dimensional finite element numerical model of multi-feed microwave heating industrial liquids continuously flowing in a meter-scale circular tube is presented.The temperature field inside the applicator tube in the cavity is solved by COMSOL Multiphysics and professional programming to describe the momentum,energy and Maxwell's equations.The evaluations of the electromagnetic field,the temperature distribution and the velocity field are simulated for the fluids dynamically heated by singleand multi-feed microwave system,respectively.Both the pilot experimental investigations and numerical results of microwave with single-feed heating for fluids with different effective permittivity and flow rates show that the presented numerical modeling makes it possible to analyze dynamic process of multi-feed microwave heating the industrial liquid.The study aids in enhancing the understanding and optimizing of dynamic process in the use of multi-feed microwave heating industrial continuous flow for a variety of material properties and technical parameters.

Numerical Simulation of Flow Field in Tidal Estuary Using Body-Fitted Coordinate System

On the basis of the physical mechanism, a body-fitted coordinate system is developed. By using this system the boundaries in simulation and in real are fitted well, and simulation with great accuracy is achieved. A computation example indicates that compared to traditional two-dimensional computation methods, the body-fitted simulation has an advantange of better coincidence with the real and can be adopted in simulating flow fields in tidal estuaries.

Numerical Analysis of Magnetic Fluid Sealing Performance

The sealing performance of magnetic fluid is related to the magnetic fluid itself. Many factors can influence the magnetic field and the seal pressure differences of magnetic fluid seals, such as the sealing gap, the shaft eccentricity, the shaft diameter, the volume of the magnetic fluid and the centrifugal force. These factors are analyzed by numerical computation. When the seal material and structure are the same, the seal pressure difference is directly proportional to the magnetic field intensity and the saturation magnetization of the magnetic fluid. The sealing performance of the magnetic fluid will reduce with the increase of the sealing gap and shaft eccentricity. The sealing performance will increase with the volume of the magnetic fluid and decrease with the increase of the shaft diameter taking gravity into account. The increase of the shaft diameter is the same as the reduction of the volume of the magnetic fluid. The magnetic fluid cross-section can change because of the centrifugal force. Some improvements can reducc the influence of the centrifugal force. The centrifugal force can be utilized to improve the sealing performance.

NumericaI Computation of Flow over a Train in Cross-Wind

A finite different method is developed to predict the side force on a high speedtrain in a cross-wind at low yaw anglee. The k-εturbulence model with wallfunctions is employed. the solution algorithm is based on curvilinearnonorthogonal coordinates,covariant velocity components ,and staggered gridarrangement. The convective fluxes are described by the Power tow Scheme.A highly deformed grid generated with an elliptic grid generator is used aroundthe comero of the cross-section of the train. The results obtained comparepositively with wind tunnel experinients.

Ultrasonic prediction of crack density using machine learning:A numerical investigation

Cracks are accounted as the most destructive discontinuity in rock, soil, and concrete. Enhancing our knowledge from their properties such as crack distribution, density, and/or aspect ratio is crucial in geo-systems. The most well-known mechanical parameter for such an evaluation is wave velocity through which one can qualitatively or quantitatively characterize the porous media. In small scales, such information is obtained using the ultrasonic pulse velocity(UPV) technique as a non-destructive test. In large-scale geo-systems, however, it is inverted from seismic data. In this paper, we take advantage of the recent advancements in machine learning(ML) for analyzing wave signals and predict rock properties such as crack density(CD) – the number of cracks per unit volume. To this end, we designed numerical models with different CDs and, using the rotated staggered finite-difference grid(RSG) technique, simulated wave propagation. Two ML networks, namely Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN) and Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM), are then used to predict CD values. Results show that, by selecting an optimum value for wavelength to crack length ratio, the accuracy of predictions of test data can reach R2> 96% with mean square error(MSE) < 25e-4(normalized values). Overall, we found that:(i) performance of both CNN and LSTM is highly promising,(ii) accuracy of the transmitted signals is slightly higher than the reflected signals,(iii) accuracy of 2D signals is marginally higher than 1D signals,(iv)accuracy of horizontal and vertical component signals are comparable,(v) accuracy of coda signals is less when the whole signals are used. Our results, thus, reveal that the ML methods can provide rapid solutions and estimations for crack density, without the necessity of further modeling.

Computation of Wave Refraction-Diffraction with Error Vector Propagation Method

After modifying the basic computation model made by Panchang (1988), the error vector propagation (EVP) method has been adopted to compute the combined effects of water wave refraction and diffraction in the presence of reflection boundary. The results show that the present method is successful in restraining the noise in Panchang's solution. Compared to other numerical methods for the mild-slope wave equation, EVP method can both consider the influence of reflection and save computer memory and computing time.

Dynamic Modelling of a Hybrid Variable Reluctance Machine Using the 3D Finite Element Method

This paper presents the work carried out to evaluate the dynamic performance of the Hybrid Variable Reluctance Motor (HVRM). The fourth-order Runge-Kutta integration algorithm was employed to solve the equations of the dynamic model, in conjunction with the three-dimensional finite element method. The 3D numerical data was calculated using Comsol Multiphysics, which accounts for the nonlinearity of the ferromagnetic material and the 3D nature of the HVRM. The outcomes of this study are precise and accurately predict the dynamic behaviour of the HVRM in terms of rotor position response, rotational speed and torque. The distinctive contribution of this work lies in the 3D numerical modelling of the HVRM and the subsequent evaluation and analysis of its dynamic operation. Analytical and numerical 2D studies are less resource-intensive and time-consuming, and are more straightforward and rapid to analyse and interpret. However, they are constrained in their capacity to examine spatial, volumetric interactions and intricate dynamics such as flux studies where three 3D effects cannot be disregarded, winding end effects and the configuration and positioning of the interposed permanent magnet.

The Hydrodynamic Computation on Moving Base Vertical Launching of an Underwater Missile

In order to study the effects of lateral flow on the underwater missile vertical launching process considering the hydrodynamic effect, a horizontal fluid dynamics model was developed. We offered the numerical computation method in this process by using the fluent of CFD （ Computational Fluid Dynamics）software. Based on the specific examples, we carried out the computation of the model＇s drag coefficient, lift coefficient and pitching moment with its launching process. The computation results agree with the results of the experiment and the error between them is less than 10%. It shows that this computation method is viable and can be used in the system design, and the analysis of missile motion and basic structure intensity.

Sheltering effect of punched steel plate sand fences for controlling blown sand hazards along the Golmud-Korla Railway:Field observation and numerical simulation studies

Sand fences made of punched steel plate(PSP)have recently been applied to control wind-blown sand in desertified and Gobi areas due to their strong wind resistance and convenient in situ construction.However,few studies have assessed the protective effect of PSP sand fences,especially through field observations.This study analyzes the effects of double-row PSP sand fences on wind and sand resistance using field observations and a computational fluid dynamics(CFD)numerical simulation.The results of field observations showed that the average windproof efficiencies of the first-row and second-row sand fences were 79.8%and 70.8%,respectively.Moreover,the average windproof efficiencies of the numerical simulation behind the first-row and second-row sand fences were 89.8%and 81.1%,respectively.The sand-resistance efficiency of the double-row PSP sand fences was 65.4%.Sand deposition occurred close to the first-row sand fence;however,there was relatively little sand on the leeward side of the second-row sand fence.The length of sand accumulation near PSP sand fences obtained by numerical simulation was basically consistent with that through field observations,indicating that field observations combined with numerical simulation can provide insight into the complex wind-blown sand field over PSP sand fences.This study indicates that the protection efficiency of the double-row PSP sand fences is sufficient for effective control of sand hazards associated with extremely strong wind in the Gobi areas.The output of this work is expected to improve the future application of PSP sand fences.

Efficiency analysis of numerical integrations for finite element substructure in real-time hybrid simulation

Finite element（FE） is a powerful tool and has been applied by investigators to real-time hybrid simulations（RTHSs）. This study focuses on the computational efficiency, including the computational time and accuracy, of numerical integrations in solving FE numerical substructure in RTHSs. First, sparse matrix storage schemes are adopted to decrease the computational time of FE numerical substructure. In this way, the task execution time（TET） decreases such that the scale of the numerical substructure model increases. Subsequently, several commonly used explicit numerical integration algorithms, including the central difference method（CDM）, the Newmark explicit method, the Chang method and the Gui-λ method, are comprehensively compared to evaluate their computational time in solving FE numerical substructure. CDM is better than the other explicit integration algorithms when the damping matrix is diagonal, while the Gui-λ（λ = 4） method is advantageous when the damping matrix is non-diagonal. Finally, the effect of time delay on the computational accuracy of RTHSs is investigated by simulating structure-foundation systems. Simulation results show that the influences of time delay on the displacement response become obvious with the mass ratio increasing, and delay compensation methods may reduce the relative error of the displacement peak value to less than 5% even under the large time-step and large time delay.

Swarming Computational Approach for the Heartbeat Van Der Pol Nonlinear System

The present study is related to design a stochastic framework for the numerical treatment of the Van der Pol heartbeat model(VP-HBM)using the feedforward artificial neural networks(ANNs)under the optimization of particle swarm optimization(PSO)hybridized with the active-set algorithm(ASA),i.e.,ANNs-PSO-ASA.The global search PSO scheme and local refinement of ASA are used as an optimization procedure in this study.An error-based merit function is defined using the differential VP-HBM form as well as the initial conditions.The optimization of the merit function is accomplished using the hybrid computing performances of PSO-ASA.The designed performance of ANNs-PSO-ASA is implemented for the numerical treatment of the VP-HBM dynamics by fluctuating the pulse shape adjustment terms,external forcing factor and damping coefficient with fixed ventricular contraction period.To perform the correctness of the present scheme,the obtained numerical results through the designed ANN-PSO-ASA will be compared with the Adams numerical method.The statistical investigations with larger dataset are provided using the“mean absolute deviation”,“Theil’s inequality coefficient”and“variance account for”operators to perform the applicability,reliability,and effectiveness of the designed ANNs-PSO-ASA scheme for solving the VP-HBM.

Simulation of moving boundary of the reaction shaft in a flash smelting furnace

As to solve the online monitoring of the inner temperatur e and freezing profile of the reaction shaft of flash smelting furnace, simulation of the wall in the reaction shaft in a flash smelting furnace was made through numerical computation. The computational results are very near the data got in s ite. The error of the moving boundary is approximately 3%, and that of the tempe rature is less than 5%. It is proved that the simulation software is applicable for practice to monitor the temperature and moving boundary inside the hearth on line. Based on a large number of the data computed, the relation between the cha nge of the moving boundary and inner temperature is summarized, and the great in fluence of the cooling system on the forming and stability of the moving boundar y inside the hearth is emphasized, which provide the theoretical bases for optim izing the flash smelting operation.