Background: Student nurses and other healthcare students are the future mental health professionals and have the potential for changing the future of mental healthcare. Therefore, their negative attitudes and behavior...Background: Student nurses and other healthcare students are the future mental health professionals and have the potential for changing the future of mental healthcare. Therefore, their negative attitudes and behaviors should be screened and corrected by effective anti-stigma interventions. Otherwise, they would likely withhold some health services and practice coercive treatments once planning care to people with mental illness. However, little is known on effective approaches to correct these negative attitudes and behaviors, despite the previous reviews that have shown that contact-based interventions have demonstrated positive attitudinal and behavioral changes for nursing students towards people with mental illness. Aim: The aim of this literature review was to compile the available research evidence on contact-based interventions that have targeted the attitudes and behaviors of nursing students towards people with mental illness. Methods: The relevant literature was extracted by searching electronic databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL) and by hand checking reference lists of past similar reviews. Results: Eleven studies were retrieved and included in this review. The included studies in this review either have employed social contact interventions, video-based social contact interventions, or both types for the aim of combining or comparing. Furthermore, the included studies either have targeted the attitudes of nursing students towards people with mental illness (including prejudice), or a combination of attitudinal and behavioral outcomes (including behavioral intentions and social distance). No studies have targeted behavioral outcomes solely. Conclusions: From the available literature, the current authors cannot draw conclusions on the most effective type, form, or ingredients of contact-based interventions among nursing students, as previous literature has large variations. No consistency was found in the previous studies regarding the types or contents of effective contact-based interventions. The compiled evidence in this review, has suggested that contact-based interventions (both social contact and video-based social contact) have been effective in changing the attitudes and behaviors of nursing students favorably, similarly to what previous reviews have found.展开更多
Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine whether the efficacy of transtheoretical model(TTM)-based interventions on physical activity(PA)varied according to the following criteria:(1) interventions targeted the a...Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine whether the efficacy of transtheoretical model(TTM)-based interventions on physical activity(PA)varied according to the following criteria:(1) interventions targeted the actual stages of change(SOCs) or did not;(2) participants were selected according to their SOC or were not; and(3) its theoretical constructs(decisional balance, temptation, self-efficacy, processes of change).Methods: Thirty-three randomized controlled trials assessing TTM-based interventions promoting PA in adults were systematically identified.Results: The between-group heterogeneity statistic(Qb) did not reveal any differential efficacy either in interventions targeting the actual SOC compared with those that did not(Qb = 1.48, p = 0.22) or in interventions selecting participants according to their SOC compared with those that did not(Qb = 0.01, p = 0.91). TTM-based interventions enhanced PA behavior whether they targeted the actual SOC(Cohen's d = 0.36; 95%confidence interval(CI): 0.22–0.49) or not(d = 0.23; 95%CI: 0.09–0.38) and whether they selected their participants according to their SOC(d = 0.33; 95%CI: 0.13–0.53) or not(d = 0.32; 95%CI: 0.19–0.44). The moderators of the efficacy of TTM-based interventions were the number of theoretical constructs used to tailor the intervention(Qb = 8.82, p = 0.003), the use of self-efficacy(Qb = 6.09, p = 0.01), and the processes of change(Qb = 3.51, p = 0.06).Conclusion: TTM-based interventions significantly improved PA behavior, and their efficacy was not moderated by SOC but by the TTM theoretical constructs.展开更多
文摘Background: Student nurses and other healthcare students are the future mental health professionals and have the potential for changing the future of mental healthcare. Therefore, their negative attitudes and behaviors should be screened and corrected by effective anti-stigma interventions. Otherwise, they would likely withhold some health services and practice coercive treatments once planning care to people with mental illness. However, little is known on effective approaches to correct these negative attitudes and behaviors, despite the previous reviews that have shown that contact-based interventions have demonstrated positive attitudinal and behavioral changes for nursing students towards people with mental illness. Aim: The aim of this literature review was to compile the available research evidence on contact-based interventions that have targeted the attitudes and behaviors of nursing students towards people with mental illness. Methods: The relevant literature was extracted by searching electronic databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL) and by hand checking reference lists of past similar reviews. Results: Eleven studies were retrieved and included in this review. The included studies in this review either have employed social contact interventions, video-based social contact interventions, or both types for the aim of combining or comparing. Furthermore, the included studies either have targeted the attitudes of nursing students towards people with mental illness (including prejudice), or a combination of attitudinal and behavioral outcomes (including behavioral intentions and social distance). No studies have targeted behavioral outcomes solely. Conclusions: From the available literature, the current authors cannot draw conclusions on the most effective type, form, or ingredients of contact-based interventions among nursing students, as previous literature has large variations. No consistency was found in the previous studies regarding the types or contents of effective contact-based interventions. The compiled evidence in this review, has suggested that contact-based interventions (both social contact and video-based social contact) have been effective in changing the attitudes and behaviors of nursing students favorably, similarly to what previous reviews have found.
文摘Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine whether the efficacy of transtheoretical model(TTM)-based interventions on physical activity(PA)varied according to the following criteria:(1) interventions targeted the actual stages of change(SOCs) or did not;(2) participants were selected according to their SOC or were not; and(3) its theoretical constructs(decisional balance, temptation, self-efficacy, processes of change).Methods: Thirty-three randomized controlled trials assessing TTM-based interventions promoting PA in adults were systematically identified.Results: The between-group heterogeneity statistic(Qb) did not reveal any differential efficacy either in interventions targeting the actual SOC compared with those that did not(Qb = 1.48, p = 0.22) or in interventions selecting participants according to their SOC compared with those that did not(Qb = 0.01, p = 0.91). TTM-based interventions enhanced PA behavior whether they targeted the actual SOC(Cohen's d = 0.36; 95%confidence interval(CI): 0.22–0.49) or not(d = 0.23; 95%CI: 0.09–0.38) and whether they selected their participants according to their SOC(d = 0.33; 95%CI: 0.13–0.53) or not(d = 0.32; 95%CI: 0.19–0.44). The moderators of the efficacy of TTM-based interventions were the number of theoretical constructs used to tailor the intervention(Qb = 8.82, p = 0.003), the use of self-efficacy(Qb = 6.09, p = 0.01), and the processes of change(Qb = 3.51, p = 0.06).Conclusion: TTM-based interventions significantly improved PA behavior, and their efficacy was not moderated by SOC but by the TTM theoretical constructs.
