Various azo compounds(Modified dyes)have been synthesised by chemical modification of areca nut extract(epicate-chin),a plant-based Polyphenolic compound to get semi-synthetic dyes.Three different primary amines namel...Various azo compounds(Modified dyes)have been synthesised by chemical modification of areca nut extract(epicate-chin),a plant-based Polyphenolic compound to get semi-synthetic dyes.Three different primary amines namely p-nitro aniline,p-anisidine and aniline,were diazotized to form their corresponding diazonium salts which were further coupled with an areca nut extract.Preliminary characterization of the areca nut extract and the resultant azo compounds(Modified dyes)was carried out in terms of melting point,solubility tests,thin layer chromatography,UV-Visible and FTIR spectroscopy.These modified dyes were further applied on polyester and nylon fabrics and%dye exhaustion was evaluated.Dyed fabrics were further tested for their fastness properties such as wash fastness,rubbing fastness,light fastness and sublimation fastness.The results of the fastness tests indicate that,all the three modified dyes have good dyeability for polyester and nylon fabrics.The dyed fabrics were also tested for ultraviolet protection factor which showed very good ultraviolet protection.展开更多
As India is a world class producer of sugarcane,sugar beet,other tubers like potato and vegetables with starch,cashew and badam,castor oil and soybean,the quantum of bio resins and bio plastics that can be produced fr...As India is a world class producer of sugarcane,sugar beet,other tubers like potato and vegetables with starch,cashew and badam,castor oil and soybean,the quantum of bio resins and bio plastics that can be produced from these conventional,organic and genetically modified plants is immense.As on date,advanced and state of the art plastics and composites are being used in many applications as there is no incentive for farmers to produce plants and vegetables for the plastics and resins market exclusively.The use of advanced composites in varied applications escalates costs and shifts the material consumption that would deplete the natural resources,through excessive usage at one end and lack of demand for natural resources at the other end as bio derived composites become under-utilized.This review paper attempts to project the actual possibilities of the bio resin and bio plastic market in this country and provides the knowhow for the production of bio-phenolic cashew nut shell resin which are more than a substitute for the synthetically produced epoxies.Their true potentialities in composites product applications involving structural,thermal,electronic,pharmaceutical and petroleum engineering markets is discussed in this paper.A novel working model with an economically feasible option is also provided for those concerned about their safe disposal,recycling,reuse and conversion into useable fuel with virtually no impact to the environment.Cashew Nut Shell Liquid(CNSL)is an abundant natural source for synthesizing phenolic compounds.The excellent monomer,Cardanol is isolated from CNSL for polymer production.These are polymerized with aldehydes and acids at a particular mole fraction in the presence of catalysts like alkalis to convert into rigid resins.Differential Scanning Calorimetric(DSC)and Thermo Gravimetric Analysis(TGA)were studied for the thermal characterization of the synthesized CNSL Resins.Characterization of the synthesized resins was also carried out with respect to the evaluated mechanical properties such as hardness,strength,elastic modulus and fracture toughness.The synthesized CNSL resins yielded many interesting compositions with varied properties increasing the possibilities of various resin formulations which could be used for composites applications in vibrational damping.The electronic packaging applications of nano-composites with high dielectric strength produced with the CNSL matrix are also highlighted.展开更多
Tiger nut(Cyperus esculentus L.)is an ideal raw material for oil extraction,but starch-rich tiger nut meal,a by-product of oil extraction,has not been fully utilized.For this,starch was isolated from tiger nut meal,an...Tiger nut(Cyperus esculentus L.)is an ideal raw material for oil extraction,but starch-rich tiger nut meal,a by-product of oil extraction,has not been fully utilized.For this,starch was isolated from tiger nut meal,and then starch nanoparticles were prepared by gelatinization,ultrasonication and nanoprecipitation under different conditions.The preparation parameters were optimized by measuring the particle size with dynamic light scattering,and the physicochemical properties of native starch and nano starch were evaluated.The results showed that,compared to native starch,starch nanoparticle(nano starch)has a higher amylose content(39.05%),solubility(56.13%),and swelling power(58.01%).Furthermore,native starch and nano starch were esterified with octenyl succinic anhydride(OSA),respectively,conferring amphiphilic properties.The effects of OSA modification on the resistant starch content,thermal properties,and microstructure of starches were characterized.The resistant starch content of tiger nut native starch increased by 10.81%after OSA modification,while the resistant starch content of OSA nano starch increased to 37.76%.Compared to native starch,the gelatinization temperature of OSA nano starch decreased by 2.7℃ and nano starch decreased by 5.68℃.OSA modified nano starch showed a unique microstructure,such as a slender fiber structure and a regular oblate structure.The hydrophobic OSA groups aggregated to form hydrophobic cavities with a hydrophilic surface in the aqueous phase.The findings presented in this investigation provide a better understanding of the design and development of OSA nano starch and provide valuable guidance to further enhance the added value of tiger nuts and future applications in the food industry.展开更多
基金We highly acknowledge the University Grants Commission-Special Assistance Programme(UGC-SAP)-BSR SECTION for fellowship.
文摘Various azo compounds(Modified dyes)have been synthesised by chemical modification of areca nut extract(epicate-chin),a plant-based Polyphenolic compound to get semi-synthetic dyes.Three different primary amines namely p-nitro aniline,p-anisidine and aniline,were diazotized to form their corresponding diazonium salts which were further coupled with an areca nut extract.Preliminary characterization of the areca nut extract and the resultant azo compounds(Modified dyes)was carried out in terms of melting point,solubility tests,thin layer chromatography,UV-Visible and FTIR spectroscopy.These modified dyes were further applied on polyester and nylon fabrics and%dye exhaustion was evaluated.Dyed fabrics were further tested for their fastness properties such as wash fastness,rubbing fastness,light fastness and sublimation fastness.The results of the fastness tests indicate that,all the three modified dyes have good dyeability for polyester and nylon fabrics.The dyed fabrics were also tested for ultraviolet protection factor which showed very good ultraviolet protection.
文摘As India is a world class producer of sugarcane,sugar beet,other tubers like potato and vegetables with starch,cashew and badam,castor oil and soybean,the quantum of bio resins and bio plastics that can be produced from these conventional,organic and genetically modified plants is immense.As on date,advanced and state of the art plastics and composites are being used in many applications as there is no incentive for farmers to produce plants and vegetables for the plastics and resins market exclusively.The use of advanced composites in varied applications escalates costs and shifts the material consumption that would deplete the natural resources,through excessive usage at one end and lack of demand for natural resources at the other end as bio derived composites become under-utilized.This review paper attempts to project the actual possibilities of the bio resin and bio plastic market in this country and provides the knowhow for the production of bio-phenolic cashew nut shell resin which are more than a substitute for the synthetically produced epoxies.Their true potentialities in composites product applications involving structural,thermal,electronic,pharmaceutical and petroleum engineering markets is discussed in this paper.A novel working model with an economically feasible option is also provided for those concerned about their safe disposal,recycling,reuse and conversion into useable fuel with virtually no impact to the environment.Cashew Nut Shell Liquid(CNSL)is an abundant natural source for synthesizing phenolic compounds.The excellent monomer,Cardanol is isolated from CNSL for polymer production.These are polymerized with aldehydes and acids at a particular mole fraction in the presence of catalysts like alkalis to convert into rigid resins.Differential Scanning Calorimetric(DSC)and Thermo Gravimetric Analysis(TGA)were studied for the thermal characterization of the synthesized CNSL Resins.Characterization of the synthesized resins was also carried out with respect to the evaluated mechanical properties such as hardness,strength,elastic modulus and fracture toughness.The synthesized CNSL resins yielded many interesting compositions with varied properties increasing the possibilities of various resin formulations which could be used for composites applications in vibrational damping.The electronic packaging applications of nano-composites with high dielectric strength produced with the CNSL matrix are also highlighted.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Projects of Zhejiang(No.2022C04021)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.LQ23C200013),China.
文摘Tiger nut(Cyperus esculentus L.)is an ideal raw material for oil extraction,but starch-rich tiger nut meal,a by-product of oil extraction,has not been fully utilized.For this,starch was isolated from tiger nut meal,and then starch nanoparticles were prepared by gelatinization,ultrasonication and nanoprecipitation under different conditions.The preparation parameters were optimized by measuring the particle size with dynamic light scattering,and the physicochemical properties of native starch and nano starch were evaluated.The results showed that,compared to native starch,starch nanoparticle(nano starch)has a higher amylose content(39.05%),solubility(56.13%),and swelling power(58.01%).Furthermore,native starch and nano starch were esterified with octenyl succinic anhydride(OSA),respectively,conferring amphiphilic properties.The effects of OSA modification on the resistant starch content,thermal properties,and microstructure of starches were characterized.The resistant starch content of tiger nut native starch increased by 10.81%after OSA modification,while the resistant starch content of OSA nano starch increased to 37.76%.Compared to native starch,the gelatinization temperature of OSA nano starch decreased by 2.7℃ and nano starch decreased by 5.68℃.OSA modified nano starch showed a unique microstructure,such as a slender fiber structure and a regular oblate structure.The hydrophobic OSA groups aggregated to form hydrophobic cavities with a hydrophilic surface in the aqueous phase.The findings presented in this investigation provide a better understanding of the design and development of OSA nano starch and provide valuable guidance to further enhance the added value of tiger nuts and future applications in the food industry.
