Did weekly economic index and volatility index impact US food sales during the first year of the pandemic?

We explore the impacts of economic and financial dislocations caused by COVID-19 pandemic shocks on food sales in the United States from January 2020 to January 2021.We use the US weekly economic index(WEI)to measure economic dislocations and the Chicago Board Options Exchange volatility index(VIX)to capture the broader stock market dislocations.We validate the NARDL model by testing a battery of models using the autoregressive distributed lags(ARDL)methodology(ARDL,NARDL,and QARDL specifications).Our study postulates that an increase in WEI has a significant negative long-term effect on food sales,whereas a decrease in WEI has no statistically significant(long-run)effect.Thus,policy responses that ignore asymmetric effects and hidden cointegration may fail to promote food security during pandemics.

Dietary inflammatory index and its impact on severity and recurrence of Tourette syndrome in children

BACKGROUND Tourette syndrome(TS)is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by the presence of motor and vocal tics,typically beginning in childhood.Despite signifi-cant research efforts,the exact pathophysiology of TS remains incompletely understood.Recent studies suggest that inflammation may play a role in the severity and progression of TS,pointing to the potential influence of dietary and lifestyle factors on the condition.Currently,research on the specific connection between dietary inflammatory index(DII)and TS is still in its early stages,requir-ing additional clinical and epidemiological studies to validate the strength and specific mechanisms of this connection.METHODS A total of 207 children diagnosed with TS in the pediatric department of Qingdao Chengyang People’s Hospital from January 2022 to January 2023 were selected.They were divided into stable and unstable groups based on follow-up condi-tions.Before enrollment,general information of the children[age,gender,body mass index(BMI),guardian’s education level,DII score,medical history,family history,academic stress,electronic device usage,medication,and disease progression]was assessed,and serum inflammatory levels were measured during follow-up visits.DII scores and Yale Global Tic Severity Scale(YGTSS)scores were calculated.Furthermore,based on YGTSS scores,the children were classified into mild,moderate,and severe groups.The DII,interleukin-6(IL-6),C-reactive protein(CRP),and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)levels in each group were compared.RESULTS Follow-up surveys were completed by 207 children and their guardians.Among them,117 children were in the stable group,and 90 were in the recurrent group.We found no statistically significant differences in age,gender,comorbidities,BMI,and disease duration between the two groups(P>0.05).However,academic stress,electronic device usage,medication,guardian’s education level,and DII scores showed statistically significant differences between the groups(P<0.05).Multifactorial regression analysis revealed that guardian’s anxiety level,DII score,medication,academic stress,and family history were statistically significant factors(P<0.05)affecting the recurrence of TS in children.Therefore,anxiety level,DII score,medication status,electronic device usage,and academic stress were identified as factors influencing the recurrence of TS in children.Among them,DII score,academic stress,and family history had odds ratios(OR)greater than 1,indicating risk factors,whereas medication status and guardian’s education level had OR values less than 1,indicating protective factors.According to the YGTSS scores,children were categorized into mild,moderate,and severe groups.Comparative analysis of DII and inflammatory levels in children with different degrees of tic disorders revealed that the severe group had the highest DII and inflammatory levels,followed by the moderate group,and the mild group had the lowest levels.The trend of TS progression was consistent with the DII results.Receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted to predict disease progression in patients with TS via inflammatory markers.The areas under the curve for IL-6,CRP,and TNF-αwere 0.894(95%CI:0.817-0.969),0.793(95%CI:0.694-0.893),and 0.728(95%CI:0.614-0.843)respectively,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).According to the Youden index,the optimal cutoff values were IL-6=3.775 ng/L(sensitivity 68.1%and specificity 68.4%),CRP=6.650 mg/L(sensitivity 60.6%and specificity 68.4%),and TNF-α=0.666(sensitivity 60.6%and specificity 71.1%).CONCLUSION We found a certain correlation between DII and the severity,recurrence,and inflammatory levels of TS in children.Reasonable reduction in the intake of pro-inflammatory foods may be beneficial in reducing the risk of disease progression in children with TS.

Glycemic index and glycemic load of selected Chinese traditional foods

AIM:To determine the glycemic index(GI)and glycemic load(GL)values of Chinese traditional foods in Hong Kong.METHODS:Fifteen healthy subjects(8 males and 7 females)volunteered to consume either glucose or one of 23 test foods after 10-14 h overnight fast.The blood glucose concentrations were analyzed immediately before,15,30,45,60,90 and 120 min after food consumption using capillary blood samples.The GI value of each test food was calculated by expressing the incremental area under the blood glucose response curve(IAUC)value for the test food as a percentage of each subject's average IAUC value for the glucose.The GL value of each test food was calculated as the GI value of the food multiplied by the amount of the available carbohydrate in a usual portion size,divided by 100.RESULTS:Among all the 23 Chinese traditional foods tested,6 of them belonged to low GI foods(Tuna Fish Bun,Egg Tart,Green Bean Dessert,Chinese Herbal Jelly,Fried Rice Vermicelli in Singapore-style,and Spring Roll),10 of them belonged to moderate GI foods(Baked Barbecued Pork Puff,Fried Fritter,"Mai-Lai"Cake,"Pineapple"Bun,Fried Rice Noodles with Sliced Beef,Barbecue Pork Bun,Moon Cakes,Glutinous Rice Ball,Instant Sweet Milky Bun,and Salted Meat Rice Dumpling),the others belonged to high GI foods(Fried Rice in Yangzhou-Style,Sticky Rice Wrapped in Lotus Leaf,Steamed Glutinous Rice Roll,Jam and Peanut Butter Toast,Plain Steamed Vermicelli Roll,Red Bean Dessert,and Frozen Sweet Milky Bun).CONCLUSION:The GI and GL values for these Chinese traditional foods will provide some valuable information to both researchers and public on their food preference.

Food-Security Indexes Related to Combined Pollution of Chromium and Phenol in Soil-Rice Systems

The pot-culture method combined with chemical and statistical analyses was used to get basic data for determination of the food-security indexes related to combined pollution of Cr and phenol in soil-rice systems.Regression analyses according to the experimental result indicated that the critical concentrations of Cr andphenol in brown rice were 0.37 and 0.33 mg kg-1, respectively, under the condition of Cr-phenol combined pollution.

Relationship of Food Craving Behavior with Body Mass Index and Body Composition in Reproductive Age Females

Objective: To estimate the relationship of Food Craving (FC) behavior with females’ Body Mass Index (BMI), and body-composition. Design, setting and participants: A cross-sectional study of 302 reproductive-age women from middle-socioeconomic class was conducted at the Health & Occupational-Environmental Laboratory. Variable Measures: A FC behavior questionnaire (FCQ) was designed and validated in 151 female subjects. This questionnaire evaluated five dimensions: FC-leisure, FC-psychological reactance, FC-depression, FC-anxiety/stress, and FC-anger. Dependent variables were Body Mass Index (BMI, kg/m2) and the body fat mass. Interventions: A second group of 151 women completed the FCQ. Anthropometrical variables were recorded using the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry procedure. Analysis: A multiple regression-analysis using STAT- ISTICS version 7 was performed to determine the relationship of FC behavior with anthropometrical variables described. Results: We demonstrated that 98.7% of women had FC behavior. Women with higher BMI had higher scores of FC-depressions (p = 0.02) and FC-anger (p = 0.007). Food craving behavior (p < 0.0008), and food psychological-reactance (p = 0.006), were positive predictors of BMI;food psychological reactance was also a positive predictor of upper and lower-body fat mass (p = 0.005) and (p = 0.008), respectively. Conclusion and Implications: The food craving behavior is a common problem in the female population. Food psychological reactance, in addition to another affective alteration that present the population of women are predictor variables for the increase in BMI and in body-fat mass. It is important that health professionals are aware of the affective states of their patients.

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Droughts and Floods in Shandong Province,China and Their Relationship with Food Loss

Mastering the pattern of food loss caused by droughts and floods aids in planning the layout of agricultural production,determining the scale of drought and flood control projects,and reducing food loss.The Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index is calculated using monthly meteorological data from 1984 to 2020 in Shandong Province of China and is used to identify the province’s drought and flood characteristics.Then,food losses due to droughts and floods are estimated separately from disaster loss data.Finally,the relationship between drought/flood-related factors and food losses is quantified using methods such as the Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression.The results show that:1)there is a trend of aridity in Shandong Province,and the drought characteristic variables are increasing yearly while flood duration and severity are decreasing.2)The food losses caused by droughts in Shandong Province are more than those caused by floods,and the area where droughts and floods occur frequently is located in Linyi City.3)The impact of precipitation on food loss due to drought/flood is significant,followed by potential evapotranspiration and temperature.4)The relationship between drought and flood conditions and food losses can be precisely quantified.The accumulated drought duration of one month led to 1.939×10^(4)t of grain loss,and an increase in cumulative flood duration of one month resulted in1.134×10^(4)t of grain loss.If the cumulative drought severity and average drought peak increased by one unit,food loss due to drought will increase by 1.562×10^(4)t and 1.511×10^(6)t,respectively.If the cumulative flood severity and average flood peak increase by one unit,food loss will increase by 8.470×103t and 1.034×10^(6)t,respectively.

Financial Innovation Way of Avoiding Risk of Climate Disasters in Food Production:Weather Index Insurance

Climate change will lead to a variety of climate disasters, and climate disasters have a greater impact on China＇s food production. Weather index insurance is a new financial way to avoid risk of climate disasters effectively in China＇s food production. Firstly, the relationship between weather index insurance and food production in China was elaborated, and then the development status, advantages and disadvantages of weather index insurance in China at present were analyzed. Finally, some countermeasures against the problems of weather index insurance in China were put forward.

Determinates of Regain in Body Mass Index among Malnourished Aids Patients on Therapeutic Food in Amhara National Regional State, Northwest Ethiopia: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Although its utilization is greatly disputed, ready-to-use therapeutic food has been started as clinical nutrition care and treatment for malnourished adult AIDS patients since 2011 in Amhara National Regional State. However, factors determining the intended outcome (weight gain) have not been properly investigated. The main objective of the study was to assess improvement in body mass index and to identify its determinant factors. A retrospective cohort study design was conducted. Cluster sampling was employed to select health facilities in which the service was provided in the region. Of the 44 health facilities, nine were selected using lottery method, and all patients receiving the care in these health institutions were included in the study. Using tailored structured checklist, data were collected, organized and cleaned. Using paired T-test existence of difference between the mean of body mass index at admission and at 3rd visit was measured. Finally analysis of association between some selected independent variables with the outcome variable was done using logistic regression model at 95% CI and p 2). Paired T-test revealed that there was a statistically significant difference between mean of body mass index at admission and at the 3rd visit. Good ready-to-use therapeutic food treatment adherence (AOR 11.145;95% CI 6.556, 18.946), moderate acute malnutrition at admission (AOR 6.71;95% CI 2.618, 17.195), good ART adherence (AOR 2.136;95% CI, 1.269, 3.595) and being male (AOR 1.73;95% CI 1.052, 2.850) have a statistically significant contribution for body mass index improvement. The study identifies factors that determine gain in body mass index among AIDS patients on ready-to-use therapeutic food. However, although the study revealed a statistically significant difference between body mass index during enrolment, and after three months, we disagreed with the right and left utilization of imported food because of lack of sustainability, and aid dependency. We rather recommend interventions that encourage households to produce food with similar outcomes from locally available food staff.

Construction of Performance Evaluation Index System for Enterprises Implementing Green Food Certification Based on BSC

According to the investigation results of 70 green food enterprises in Sichuan Province,the strategic targets of enterprises implementing green food certification are discussed by borrowing ideas from the Balanced Score Card.Balanced Score Card index system is selected and improved according to the changes of enterprises before and after implementing the green food certification system.Then,the performance evaluation index system of enterprises implementing green food certification is established.This index system has five strategic directions of finance,customer,internal management,social ecology,and learning and growth,and has 11 strategic targets,such as increasing operating profit,expanding market,improving the quality of staff,improving the production technology level,enhancing the core competence of enterprises,ensuring food safety,improving the physical quality of human,and protecting ecological environment.According to the principles of guidance,scientificity,comparability,feasibility,and significance,a total of 24 evaluation indices are established,including the change of product cost,change of product sales revenue,change of profit rate,change of return on investment,change of internal and external lost cost,change of the proportion of certified products in total sales and so on.

Potential contributions of the methodology to the variability of glycaemic index of foods

Glycaemic index(GI)testing provides a useful point of comparison between carbohydrate sources.For this comparison to be meaningful,the methods used to determine GI values need to be rigorous and consistent between testing events.This requirement has led to increasing standardization of the GI methodology,with an international standard developed in joint consultation with FAO/WHO(ISO 26642:2010)currently the most up to date document.The purpose of this review is to compare the international standard to methods of published studies claiming to have performed a GI test.This analysis revealed that the international standard permits a wide range of choices for researchers when designing a GI testing plan,rather than a single standardized protocol.It has also been revealed that the literature contains significant variation,both between studies and from the international standard for critical aspects of GI testing methodology.The primary areas of variation include;what glucose specification is used,which reference food is used,how much reference food is given,what drink is given during testing,the blood sampling site chosen and what assay and equipment is used to measure blood glucose concentration.For each of these aspects we have explored some of the methodological and physiological implications of these variations.These insights suggest that whilst the international standard has assisted with framing the general parameters of GI testing,further standardization to testing procedures is still required to ensure the continued relevance of the GI to clinical nutrition.

Effect of the Various Processed Food of the Far North Cameroon on the Glycemic Index

Metabolic Syndrome (MS) has reached a pandemic proportion and has an impact on the incidence and severity of cardiovascular pathologies. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different processed food commonly consumed in Maroua (Far North Region, Cameroon) on the Glycemic Index (GI). To ameliorate the follow up of MS and population’s nutrition education, a survey was conducted among 200 families. The ten most consumed meals were selected after a food survey among 200 families. The meals were mostly made of a vegetable soup associated to a high carbohydrate staple. Vegetables and cereals were processed according to the food survey results. Then, a food tolerance test was performed on 30 male volunteers living in the same region. Among them, 12 were selected with an average age of 28.25 and a mean BMI of 19.63. They were studied on separate occasions in the morning after an overnight fast. After fasting, blood glucose was taken before and (15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 minutes) after eating a test meal compared to sucrose and glucose solution (33.33%) used as reference. Glycemic response curves were used to calculate the gi of each meal. Results show that GI of the tested meals varied significantly (p < 0.05) between 20 and 79. Red millet porridge with kelenkelen-beans (Cochorus oletorius-Vigna unguiculata) sauce and red millet porridge with kelenkelen-peanut (Cochorus oletorius-Arachis hypogea) sauce exhibited the lowest GI. The highest GI was observed in corn porridge associated with fresh okra (Hibuscus esculentus) or with tasba (Cassia tora)-okra-beans sauce.

The Response of Consumer Food Price Index(CFPI)due to the Impact of Pandemic COVID-19 on Indian Agriculture Sector

India is an agricultural country and a core source of income for the world population.The Indian economy is greatly depending on agriculture that is decrease day by day due to pandemic COVID-19.India is a major exporter of many crop foods.India,Thailand,and Vietnam are the major exports of rice if these stopped exports it reduces the economy up to 15%.A related circumstance is built up with diverse yields too like wheat,sunflower whose fare has been stationary by Kazakhstan,Serbia individually.In India,the end of April is the main source of income to farmers because they sell their rabi crops(wheat,mustard,maize,lentil,chilies,gram,tomatoes)in the market drastically decreases of CFPI may lead to the distress of Indian agricultural economy.The change over time in the price of options on wheat futures reveals increased price volatility in response to growing uncertainty about the COVID-19 impacts.

基于文献计量学分析的全球食品追溯研究进展

食品追溯是确保食品质量与安全的重要手段,本文对2001—2022年科学引文索引数据库收录的食品追溯论文进行计量分析和可视化呈现,以便为国内食品追溯的进一步研究和开发提供参考。结果发现:全球共有80个国家/地区、1 136个研究机构、3 020名作者、255种期刊开展了食品追溯研究,跨国家/地区合作、多学科交叉融合频繁;中国、意大利、美国、西班牙、荷兰等表现出较大的研究体量与较强的合作关系,意大利、美国、荷兰、西班牙食品追溯研究的总体质量较高,研究领域集中在食品科学技术、化学、农业、工程学上,在计算机科学、生态学与环境学、饮食与营养学领域也有较多研究成果。研究热点有食品质量与安全、食品供应链管理、原产地、追溯技术、食品鉴别与认证、支付意愿等。未来学术前沿将围绕基于工业4.0的智能食品追溯系统、以全基因组学和下一代测序技术为代表的食品真实性检测鉴别技术以及食品追溯系统主体参与动力、利益博弈和溢价支付的机制3个方面展开。

高质量发展视角下京津冀地区WEF系统综合评价研究

为综合评价京津冀地区的高质量发展水平,从创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享等5个维度构建高质量发展评价指标体系,采用熵值-变异系数综合赋权法计算指标权重,利用线性加权法构建综合评价指数模型测度京津冀地区WEF系统高质量发展的水平,并基于灰色关联度模型探究影响WEF系统高质量发展的关键因子与维度。结果表明:2011—2021年京津冀地区WEF系统综合评价指数呈现上升趋势,空间尺度上3个省市的均值排序为北京市>河北省>天津市;京津冀地区WEF系统各维度指数表现出不同的时空特征,其中共享维度表现出下降趋势,创新维度的空间差异性最显著;粮食产量、生活耗能占比、万元GDP耗能量、生活用水量占比、第三产业耗能占比等指标是影响WEF系统高质量发展的关键因子,协调与共享是影响WEF系统高质量发展的关键维度,本研究可为区域资源高水平管理提供科学的理论依据。

食品检验用木糖赖氨酸脱氧胆盐琼脂质量差异分析

为丰富我国食品微生物检验用培养基验收时的质控菌株,提高商品化培养基质量,该实验采用GB 4789.28-2013中规定的验收方法,以鼠伤寒沙门氏菌ATCC14028、福氏志贺氏菌CMCC 51572、金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC 6538和大肠埃希氏菌ATCC 25922为参照,选取6株鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、1株福氏志贺氏菌、4株金黄色葡萄球菌和5株大肠埃希氏菌对4个品牌的木糖赖氨酸脱氧胆盐培养基(XyloseLysineDesoxycholateAgar,XLD)的外观、pH值、水分含量等物理指标以及生长率、选择性等微生物指标进行实验评价。结果显示A、B、C、D4个品牌培养基干粉颜色分别为粉红色,淡粉色、土黄色、粉白色;水分含量分别为5.55%,5.92%、5.46%、5.94%;配置100 mL添加量分别为5.54、5.89、5.69、5.70 g;pH值均符合7.4,6株鼠伤寒沙门氏菌和1株福氏志贺氏菌在4个品牌培养基上生长率均≥0.7,4株金黄色葡萄球菌均不生长,5株大肠埃希氏菌生长指数G均<5。综上,4个品牌的XLD培养基全部符合GB4789.28-2013,该实验所选菌株可用作验收XLD培养基质控菌株的补充菌株。

膳食炎症潜能与急性冠脉综合征患者冠状动脉病变严重程度的关系研究

背景急性冠脉综合征(ACS)的发生、发展与炎症反应密切相关,但膳食炎症潜能与ACS患者冠状动脉病变严重程度之间的关系尚不清楚。目的采用膳食炎症指数(DII)评估ACS患者膳食炎症潜能,并探讨其与ACS患者冠状动脉病变严重程度之间的关系。方法采用方便抽样法,选取2022年4月—2023年3月在哈尔滨医科大学第二附属医院心内科经冠状动脉造影首次确诊为ACS的患者309例,依据DII四分位数分为4组:DII-1组(-8.35~-4.56)、DII-2组(-4.55~-0.77)、DII-3组(-0.76~3.02)、DII-4组(3.03~6.81),依据Gensini评分四分位数分为4组:Q1组(4~32分)、Q2组(34~52分)、Q3组(54~84分)、Q4组(86~192分)。比较不同冠状动脉病变严重程度ACS患者人口学特征、临床特征、总体DII、营养素DII,并采用多因素Logistic回归分析探究DII与ACS患者冠状动脉病变严重程度之间的关系。结果不同冠状动脉病变严重程度ACS患者文化程度、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平、脂蛋白a(LP-a)水平、总体DII及总脂肪、饱和脂肪酸、维生素E、胡萝卜素DII比较,差异有统计学意义(P≤0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,校正混杂因素文化程度及LDL-C、LP-a水平后,DII-4组是Q2组(OR=15.389,95%CI=1.595~148.432)、Q3组(OR=15.102,95%CI=1.620~140.788)、Q4组(OR=17.319,95%CI=1.901~157.807)的影响因素(P<0.05);总脂肪(OR=3.831,95%CI=1.195~9.094)、饱和脂肪酸(OR=8.562,95%CI=1.519~48.258)、维生素E(OR=0.640,95%CI=0.460~0.890)DII是Q4组的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论膳食炎症潜能及营养素总脂肪、饱和脂肪酸、维生素E炎症潜能是ACS患者冠状动脉病变严重程度的影响因素,临床工作者应进一步加强ACS患者的合理抗炎膳食指导。

2023年佛山市禅城区果蔬中腐霉利残留及膳食风险评估

目的:调查掌握佛山市禅城区市售不同种类果蔬的腐霉利残留情况,及时发现食品安全隐患,进行风险预警,为开展食品安全风险评估、食品安全标准制(修)订和采取针对性控制措施提供科学依据。方法:在佛山市禅城区4个镇街道不同销售流通环节随机采集6种果蔬样品共200份,使用QuEChERS法进行净化处理,参照GB 23200.113-2018采用气相色谱质谱联用法测定腐霉利的含量,根据检测结果运用急性和慢性膳食风险评价法以及食品安全指数法对其残留情况和由其引发的居民健康风险进行评价。结果:采集的样品中,43份样品检出腐霉利,检出率为21.50%,不同类型样品中腐霉利检出率差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=46.735,P<0.01);不同流通环节样品中的腐霉利检出率差异不具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=3.251,P=0.196>0.05);4个镇街道采集到的蔬菜水果腐霉利检出数总体上无显著性差异(χ^(2)=7.436,P=0.063>0.05);经急性和慢性膳食风险评价,受检产品的%ARfD和%ADI值均小于100%,表示摄入风险可接受;食品安全指数法评价本次受检农产品的结果为质量安全风险处在可接受范围。结论:佛山市禅城区果蔬农产品尚未发现腐霉利超标情况,食品安全风险可控,但有关部门需持续开展动态监控。

中国城乡居民健康饮食评价研究

2023年中央一号文件首次提出“提倡健康饮食”,识别中国居民的健康饮食状况是首要任务。本文从结构差异和异质标准的视角提出了一个新的健康饮食评价体系,通过测算基于膳食推荐标准的食物消费结构相似度(CSI),评价了1981—2020年中国城乡居民的健康饮食状况,并识别了食物政策的最佳干预窗口期。研究发现,城乡居民的健康饮食状况呈现伴随经济发展水平变化的阶段性特征,在常态时期,城镇居民的健康饮食水平先逐渐优化而后又逐步恶化,从营养改善阶段发展到营养失衡阶段;农村居民的健康饮食水平不断提高,但发展阶段明显滞后于城镇居民,仍处于营养改善过程。食物政策的最佳干预窗口期是存在的,“十四五”结束时约2/3的省份进入干预窗口期,如果能在窗口期内及时对农村居民的膳食结构进行“未雨绸缪”式的政策干预,那么农村居民有可能避免经历城镇居民从营养改善到营养失衡的转折性发展过程。

校园餐厨垃圾初期降解生物气溶胶释放特征及健康风险研究

校园餐厨垃圾处理过程无组织释放的生物气溶胶会对校内学生和工作人员的健康构成潜在威胁。研究采用安德森六级采样器及中流量总悬浮颗粒物采样器采集了某大学餐厨垃圾暂存过程的空气样品,通过培养法和高通量测序法分析了其中的可培养和非培养生物气溶胶。结果表明,餐厨垃圾是重要的生物气溶胶释放源,生物气溶胶中真菌浓度(224.78±27.69) CFU/m^(3)大于细菌浓度(116.95±23.01) CFU/m^(3)且高于环境背景浓度,即细菌环境背景值为(32.80±3.61) CFU/m^(3)、真菌环境背景值为(54.57±17.24) CFU/m^(3)。粒径分布上,细菌气溶胶主要分布在Ⅰ级(≥7.0μm),真菌气溶胶在Ⅳ级(2.1~3.3μm)。细菌气溶胶的优势菌门主要有变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes),前者气溶胶化水平较高;真菌气溶胶优势菌门主要有子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和担子菌门(Basidiomycota),两者均易气溶胶化。健康风险方面,呼吸与皮肤接触的非致癌健康风险可满足美国环保署规定的最大可接受水平;但假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)和镰刀菌属(Fusarium)的年感染风险和疾病负担均高于相应的基准值。

2020—2022年安阳市食品安全监督抽检不合格情况分析

2020—2022年河南省食品安全监督抽检共检出安阳市不合格食品186批次,201项次,涉及食品大类17个。不合格问题突出的食品大类有食用农产品、糕点、餐饮食品,不合格批次分别为71、25、19批次,分别占不合格总批次的38.17%、13.44%、10.22%;不合格项目较多的项目类别有农药兽药、质量指标、食品添加剂,不合格项次分别为74、57、41项次,分别占不合格总项次的36.82%、28.36%、20.40%。食用农产品农药兽药不合格问题,糕点、餐饮食品等食品质量指标不达标、超限量、超范围使用食品添加剂问题,应引起重视。