Progresses on Personalized Nutritional Evaluation and Recommendation

Health is maintained by a state of dynamic homeostasis in which nutrient intake and ex- penditure are of good balance. Therefore, it is important to know exactly the nutritional value of food sources, as well as the nutritional requirements of individuals, in order to achieve optimal nutrition. Considering the interaction between diet and individual back- ground, nutritional evaluation and recommendation has become a complicate issue needing further investigations. While traditional nutrition research has made significant progress in population nutrition, modern nutrition research is now becoming possible to focus on personalized nutrition in health promotion, disease prevention, performance improvement, and risk assessment of individual with the development of emerging omics technologies. This review tried to summarize the methods used in nutritional evaluation and recom- mendation as well as their applications. Though personal nutrition evaluation and recommendation are still not well-established, utilization of these advanced technologies may expand our knowledge in bioavailability and bioefficacy of diet ingredients, pathophysiological changes in response to dietary intervention, as well as nutrition-associated disease biomarkers discovery, and thus contributing to personalized nutrition.

Investigation of Dominant Populations of Late-summer Phytoplankton and Comprehensive Nutritional Evaluation of Water Quality in Bailang Lake

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the dominant populations of late-summer phytoplankton and conduct comprehensive nutritional evaluation of water quality in Bailang Lake. [Method] A series of water quality survey and phytoplankton sampling was conducted in Bailang Lake in September 2011, a total of four sam- pling points were set, to detect and analyze the total nitrogen, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and permanganate index in water samples and further conduct comprehensive nutritional evaluation of the water quality factors using comprehensive nutritional state index method. [Result] Water in Bailang Lake was neutral to slightly alkaline with pH of 8.57. The average water trans- parency was 0.4 m, with relatively high content of dissolved oxygen. The content of total nitrogen was relatively high of 3.043 mg/L averagely. Comprehensive nutritional evaluation showed that the water quality of Bailang Lake belonged to moderate eu- trophication. As can be seen from various comprehensive nutritional state indices TLI, the contribution of transparency, chlorophyll a and total nitrogen to the eutrophi- cation in Bailang Lake was the greatest, followed by the permanganate index and total phosphorus. Statistical analysis showed that the average weight-biomass of phy- toplankton in Bailang Lake was 6.442 mg/L, and the average was 146.46x104 individuals/ml. There were eight dominant species in Bailang Lake, including Scenedesmus, Tetraedron, Merismopedia sinica, Phormidium, Merismopedia, Tribonema, Chroomonas and Synedra. [Conclusion] This study provided data informa- tion for the environmental protection and fisheries production in Bailang Lake.

Nutritional evaluation,fatty acid analysis and anticancer properties investigation of seeds from kan-zaw,a potential diet oil and medicinal plant

Payenapara lleloneura Kurz.(Kan-zaw),an endemic medicinal plant only found in Tanintharyi Region of Myanmar,is widely used in the treatment of various cancer and different ailments.In the present research,the seeds were phytochemical investigated for their nutritional potential for their use as functional foods or novel diet oil resources.Nutritional evaluation showed that the seeds are rich in fats and carbohydrates(soluble sugars and starch).Fatty acid analyses showed that the seeds accumulate very richα-eleostearic acid(α-ESA,18:3^(Δ9 cis,11-trans),13 trans),an important conjugated fatty acid,up to more than 70% of total fatty acids.The seed oil derived from the Kan-zaw tree contains approximately 3.25% β-eleostearic acid(18:3^(Δ9 trans,11 trans,13 trans)),an unusual conjugated fatty acid that imparts a potent anticancer application and industrially important drying qualities to Kan-zaw oil.Physicochemical properties of the Kan-zaw seeds were examined;petroleum ether(60–90℃)extract of seed oils were also investigated for the saponification value,iodine value and estimation of acid value.Further,the present study investigated cytotoxic potential of ethanol,methanol,acetone,chloroform Kan-zaw seed extracts and commercial Kan-zaw oil against human cervical cancer cell line(HeLa).The Kan-zaw extracts and oil have shown significant anticancer activity on HeLa cells.

Nutritional Evaluation of Complementary Food Formulations from Maize, Soybean and Peanut Fortified with <i>Moringa oleifera</i>Leaf Powder

Nutritional evaluation of complementary food formulations from maize, soybean and peanut fortified with Moringa oleifera leaf powder was carried out. Maize, soybean and peanut were blended in a ratio of 60:30:10 to produce a complementary food, which was then fortified. While the unfortified food product (sample A) served as control, the other three formulations were fortified with 5%, 10% and 15% Moringa leaf powder to give three samples (B, C and D respectively) of fortified food. Nutritional composition determination and feeding trials were then carried out, using two weeks old male albino rats to determine the performance of the food formulations. While the crude protein, crude fibre, and ash contents of the diets increased significantly (p with fortification, with values ranging from 16.04% to 17.59%, 2.25% to 4.42% and 1.40% to 2.50% respectively, crude fat and carbohydrate decreased significantly (p < 0.05), with concomitant decrease in energy, with values ranging from 23.48% to 20.80%, 49.32% to 47.63% and 472.76% to 448.08 kcal/100g respectively in samples A to D. PER values significantly (p < 0.05) improved up to 10% substitution, from 1.77 in unfortified (sample A) to 1.90 in 10% fortified (sample C), but declined at 15% substitution (sample D) to 1.69. Similarly, NPR values increased from 0.71 to 0.76 and 0.68. However, all the PER values including that of Nestle Cerelac (2.04) were lower than, though within the same range, with the value of 2.10 recommended by the Protein Advisory Group (PAG) for complementary foods. Sample C (10% Moringa flour blend) gave the best performance after rat feeding trials.

Inflammatory and nutritional markers in colorectal cancer: Implications for prognosis and treatment

The prognosis of colorectal cancer(CRC)patients with peritoneal metastasis remains poor despite advancements in detection and treatment.Preoperative inflammatory and nutritional markers have emerged as significant predictors of prognosis in CRC,potentially guiding treatment decisions and improving patient outcomes.This editorial explores the prognostic value of markers such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio,hemoglobin,and serum albumin levels.By integrating these markers into prognostic models,clinicians can better stratify patients,personalize treatment strategies,and ultimately enhance clinical outcomes.This review highlights the importance of these markers in providing a comprehensive assessment of patient condition and underscores the need for further research to validate their clinical utility and uncover underlying mecha-nisms.

Sensory Evaluation and Nutritional Composition of Developed Papaya-Gooseberry Jam

Jams are delicious and nutritious spreads typically made from fruit, sugar and pectin that ensure availability of fruits in off-season. The study aimed to develop papaya-gooseberry jam and to evaluate sensory and nutritional parameters. Six variations of papaya: gooseberry jam was prepared besides the control T0 (100% papaya). The successive variations were T1 (95:5), T2 (90:10), T3 (85:15), T4 (80:20), T5 (75:25) and T6 (70:30). T-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were applied to find the significant difference in sensory and nutritional parameters in different variations. Among different variations, the treatment (T4) was found to be the best on the basis of sensory evaluation with incorporation levels of 80 percent papaya and 20 percent gooseberry. The identified treatment (T4) was analyzed for nutritional composition in comparison to control (T0). Nutritional analysis showed that treatment (T0) contained maximum energy (353 Kcal/100g), protein (0.50 g/100g), carbohydrate (87.14 g/100g), fat (0.19 g/100g) and beta-carotene (195.0 g/100g) whereas the treatment (T4) was found to be high in nutrients such as fiber (1.32 g/100g), calcium (92.0 mg/100g), phosphorus (14.13 mg/100g), vitamin C (19.16 mg/100g) and antioxidant activity (98.0%). Thus, results signified that treatment (T4) was considered best in sensory and nutritional qualities and gooseberry could be successfully incorporated in fruit jams to enhance the nutritional properties of the food products.

Gut Bacteria and Nutritional Status of Nigerian Children at an Internally Displaced Persons’ Camp in Benue State, Nigeria: A Pilot Study

This study was conducted to determine the gut bacteria and nutritional status of children (n = 30) aged 2 - 11 in Benue’s largest internally displaced persons (IDP) camp since information on this is lacking. Gut bacteria were identified using culture techniques, while Body Mass Index (Kg/m2), Weight-for-Height (WHZ), and Weight-for-Age (WAZ) z scores were computed from anthropometric measurements. Socio-demographic and economic variables were collected via structured questionnaires. IBM SPSS v25 was used to analyze the data, with p Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., and Escherichia coli compared to children from a nearby private school (n = 10), except for E. coli, where the prevalence was equal. The results for BMI revealed that 23 (57.5%) of the children had a healthy weight while 17 (42.5%) were underweight.WAZ z-scores were between (-0.02 - 2.51) with evidence of mildly underweight (20%) and mildly overweight (5%) children. WHZ z-scores were between -0.03 - 2.37, with moderately wasted (30%) and severely wasted (5%) found. To ensure better health outcomes for residents, conditions in the camp must be improved.

Research progress regarding the nutritional status and assessment methods of cerebral palsy patients

Cerebral palsy is a group of clinical disorders characterized by persistent central motor deficits and postural abnormalities due to non-progressive damage to the fetal or infant brain.Malnutrition is one of the most common clinical comorbidities in children with cerebral palsy and is the result of a combination of internal factors,such as the child’s structural and functional abnormalities,and external factors,such as the child’s feeding habits and family/social factors.The nutritional status of children with cerebral palsy is closely related to their development,quality of life,social participation,and life expectancy;thus,an objective and accurate understanding of the nutritional status of these children through rehabilitation assessment is essential for their growth and development.The current nutritional assessments include routine measurements of human nutritional parameters,scale-based assessments,and instrumental assessments.It is important to detect malnutrition in children with cerebral palsy at an early stage,reduce the prevalence of malnutrition,and improve the quality of survival.Therefore,this review aimed to analyze and summarize the nutritional status and assessment methods of children with cerebral palsy,to assess the nutritional status of children with cerebral palsy from multiple perspectives,indicators and directions,and to provide reference for the early detection of co-morbid malnutrition in children with cerebral palsy.

Analysis and Evaluation of Nutritional Quality in Chinese Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)

Radish （Raphanus sativus L.） is an important vegetable crop worldwide. High nutritional quality was critical in its genetic improvement and production. The nutritional quality of 42 Chinese radish cultivars was analyzed in this study. The contents of six nutritional facts, dry matter （DM）, crude fiber （CF）, total soluble sugar （TSS）, vitamin C （Vc）, protein, and nitrate, ranged from 29.7 to 88.2, 4.507 to 18.546, 2.233 to 15.457, 0.1416 to 0.3341, 0.34 to 1.15, and 1.81 to 5.89 g·kg^-1 fresh weight （FW）, respectively. Significant differences among the 42 radish cultivars were detected in the contents of nutritional facts. The data were subjected to cross-correlation analysis and principal component analysis （PCA）. It was found that DM content was positively correlated with the content of TSS （r=0.7104）, Vc （r=0.4011） and protein （r=0.4120）. Vitamin C （Vc） content of radish showed a positive correlation （r = 0.3300） with the protein content. According to the principal component analysis, out of the 42 radish cultivars, Nau-17, Nau-28, Nau-6, Nau-11, Nau-10, Nau-27, and Nau-31 were detected with very high scores in comprehensive evaluation. It could be concluded that abundant diversity of nutritional fact content occurred in different radish genotypes, and PCA analysis was effective for selecting radish germplasm with high quality. The results could contribute useful knowledge of nutritional quality, and provide important germplasms for the elite cultivar development and the inheritance study of nutritional facts in radish.

Nutritional and Safety Evaluation of Local Weight-Gain Formulas in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) Markets

This study was conducted to examine the nutritional content, contamination levels, and biological effects of 3 local prepared formulas. Formula (1) contained mixed nuts;formula (2) contained moghat, honey and royal jelly, while formula (3) contained honey, fenugreek and royal jelly. Groups of albino rats (90 rats) were randomly allocated to diets of control group or 1 - 3 treatment groups. The tested diets contained 15% carbohydrate. The weight and food intake were recorded. Blood tests were conducted to determine total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, urea, creatinine, white blood cell count (WBC), red blood cell count (RBC), haemoglobin (HB), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and haematocrit (HCT). Results showed that bacterial contamination was found in formula (1) and formula (3). Fungal contamination was detected in formula (2) and formula (3). Body weight increased significantly in the rats fed treatment formulas compared to the control group. The blood tests indicated significant increases in the levels of glucose, WBC, HCT, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides as well as a significant decrease in HDL level in the group (2) was fed formula (1) the control. In conclusion, these findings indicate that these local formulas may not be safe, and further studies are required to understand the consequences of a long-term consumption of these formulas.

Evaluation of the prognostic nutritional index for the prognosis of Chinese patients with high/extremely high-risk prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy

BACKGROUND The incidence of prostate cancer(PCa)is on the rise in China.The risk level of patients with PCa is associated with disease-free survival rate at 10 years after radical prostatectomy.Predicting prognosis in advance according to the degree of risk can provide a reference for patients,especially treatment options and postoperative adjuvant treatment measures for high-risk/extremely high-risk patients.AIM To explore the predictive value of the prognostic nutritional index(PNI)for biological recurrence in Chinese patients with high/extremely high-risk PCa after radical prostatectomy.METHODS The biochemical test results and clinical data of 193 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy for the first time from January 2015 to December 2020 were retrospectively collected.The PNI value of peripheral blood within 1 wk before surgery was calculated,and during the follow-up period,prostate-specific antigen≥0.2 ng/mL was considered to have biological recurrence.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to calculate the optimal critical value and area under the curve(AUC)of the patients.According to the critical value,the progression-free survival of the high PNI group and low PNI group was compared.The independent influencing factors of the patients’prognosis were obtained by the Cox proportional hazards regression model.RESULTS The non-biological recurrence rates at 1,3,and 5 years were 92.02%,84.05%,and 74.85%,respectively.The optimal critical value for PNI to predict biological recurrence was 46.23,and the AUC was 0.789(95%confidence interval:0.651-0.860;P<0.001).The sensitivity and specificity were 82.93%and 62.30%,respectively.In accordance with the optimal critical value of the ROC curve(46.23),193 patients were further divided into a high PNI group(PNI≤46.23,n=108)and low PNI group(PNI>46.23,n=85).The incidence of postoperative complications in the high PNI group was lower than that in the low PNI group(21.18%vs 38.96%).Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the overall survival rate at 5 years in the low PNI group was 87.96%(13/108),which was lower than that in the high PNI group(61.18%,33/85;P<0.05).Low PNI[hazard ratio(HR)=1.74;P=0.003]and positive incisal margin status(HR=2.14;P=0.001)were independent predictors of biological recurrence in patients with high/extremely high-risk PCa.CONCLUSION The PNI has predictive value for the prognosis of patients with high/extremely high-risk PCa,and is an independent prognostic factor.Patients with low PNI value have a shorter time of nonbiological recurrence after prostatectomy.It is expected that the combined prediction of other clinicopathological data will further improve the accuracy and guide postoperative adjuvant therapy to improve the quality of prognosis.

Nutritional Value Evaluation of Saccharum spontaneum L. Germplasm Resources

The contents of dry matter, crude fat, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, crude ash, Ca and P in 43 Saccharum spontaneum L.germplasms during the vegetative period were determined. Among them, the crude protein, crude fat, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, P and Ca contents were treated as the judging indicators. The nutritional value evaluation was carried out with the analytic hierarchy process(AHP). The results showed A49(Guangxi)had the highest nutritional value. Its dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash,neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, Ca and P contents were 32.35%,7.20%, 4.06%, 8.07%, 75.81%, 50.72%, 0.23% and 0.16% respectively. While A3(Guangdong) had the lowest nutritional value. Its dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, Ca and P contents were32.24%, 4.62%, 0.51%, 6.38%, 46.40%, 40.02%, 0.15% and 0.09% respectively.The crude protein content differed significantly among different germplasms. A48 had the highest crude protein content(9.11%), and A14 had the lowest crude protein content(3.72%). Based on the evaluation results, the 43 Saccharum spontaneum L.germplasms were divided into 3 groups: high-nutritional value type, moderate-nutritional value type and low-nutritional value type. We hoped to provide a theoretical reference for the application of Saccharum spontaneum L. as a forage grass.

Physiochemical, Nutritional and Technological Properties of Instant Porridge Supplemented with Mung Bean

The present study was undertaken to prepare instant porridge from some useful and available ingredients such as bulgur powder, potato, tomato, carrot, mung bean (unsoaked, soaked and germinated), then seasoned with onion, garlic, salt, black pepper, cumin and coriander to make B1, B2 and B3 formulas. Chemical, physical properties, amino acids and sensory evaluation of instant porridge formulas were determined. The data showed that B2 formula which contained soaked mung bean had the highest calories value, total essential amino acids, biological value and water absorption index (WAI) compared to the other formulas, also it is recorded the highest degree of lightness L* values (82.39 and 56.65), least redness a* values (0.98 and 1.45) and intermediate in yellowness b* values (25.91 and 24.45) before and after rehydrated, respectively. Regarding to sensory evaluation, there was a significant increase in color, taste and overall acceptability in B2 compared to the other formulas. Based on these results, revealed that the soaked mung bean was a good source of essential amino acid and calories to enhance nutritional and technological quality of the resultant porridge.

Assessment of Microbial Changes and Nutritional Qualities of Extruded White Yam (<i>Dioscorea rotundata</i>) and Bambara Groundnut (<i>Vigna subterranean</i>) Blends

Two flavoured extruded products were developed by co-extruding yam grits (750 μm) obtained from white yam (Dioscorea rotundata) and bambara groundnut flour (250 μm) in 160:40 respectively obtained from white bambara groundnut with added flavouring agents of salt (1% - 3%) and sugar (4% - 6%) in the feed blends at screw speed of 70 rpm, 17.5%, feed moisture and at the barrel temperature of 145℃. The extruded products were packaged in low density polyethylene bag (0.02 μm gauge size) and stored at room temperature (28℃ ± 2℃) and at refrigeration temperature (9℃ ± 2℃) for a period of twenty weeks. The microbiological changes in the extruded products as determined by the total plate under both storage conditions showed that maximum total plate counts were 0.5 × 104 and 5.4 × 104 cfu/g at 9℃ ± 2℃ and 28℃ ± 2℃ respectively. Nutritional evaluation studies of extrudates were comparable (p ≥ 0.05) with standard casein diet with minimum crude protein content of 13.51% providing 1707.2 KJ energy per 100gof diet and supported weight gain and growth of laboratory animals.

Nutritional Status of Students in Poverty-Stricken Areas

Objective: In this study, we aim to understand the nutritional status of students in poverty-stricken areas of Inner Mongolia and their links with academic performance and to provide a scientific basis for the designated nutrition intervention and health education in students. Methods: In Zhalaiteqi County students’ physical health survey data and learning achievement scores from 2012 to 2013 were selected as research data, and the nutritional status of the students was judged by statistical analysis of physical data. Results: The malnutrition rate was 22.21%, the overweight rate was 6.0%, and the obesity rate was 3.81% in 2012. The detection rate of the male normal group was 80.22%, and the detection rate of the female normal group was 75.63%. The difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 27.036 P Conclusion: The nutritional status of students in poverty-stricken areas in Inner Mongolia cannot be neglected. Weight loss and obesity have a negative impact on students’ academic performance. Effective measures should be taken to control the present situation.

Biochemical Composition and Nutritional Value of the Muscle Tissue of Yellowback Seabream, Evynnis Tumifrons, from the East China Sea

Biochemical composition and nutritional value of muscle tissue of wild-caught yellowback seabream （Evynnis tumifrons） from the East China Sea were determined. The yellowback seabream muscle contained 18.30% crude protein and 0.47% crude lipid. The contents of biochemical, moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, and ash were analyzed using AOAC standard methods. The compositions and contents of amino-acid and fatty-acid were determined by Amino Acid 20 Analyzer and Agilent 6890 Gas Chromatograph. The total essential amino acids （EAA; those required by humans） accounts for 46.96% of the total amino acids in E. tumifrons, higher than FAO/WHO standard but lower than whole-egg protein standard. In E. tumifrons, the first limiting amino acids were threonine （Thr）, based on amino acid score （AAS）, and methionine （Met） and cysteine （Cys）, based on chemical score （CS）. A total of 19 fatty acids were identified; together, eicosapentaenoic acid （EPA） and docosahexaenoic acid （DHA） contributed 22.65% of the total fatty-acid content, with 17.25% from DHA. The nutritional-requirement characteristics of this fish, which tumifrons mariculture. composition data provided useful information on the food quality and may facilitate the development of appropriate feed formulation in E.

Identification and evaluation of high nitrogen nutrition efficiency in rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)germplasm

To establish identification and evaluation methods of N(nitrogen)absorption and utilization of rapeseed(Brassica napus L.),difference of N nutrition efficiency(NNE)among rapeseed germplasms and relationship between NNE and plant traits under various N application rates were analyzed in this research.Pot cultivating experiments were conducted to investigate NNE with 3 N application rates in soil(0.05,0.2 and 0.3 g/kg).A total of 12 rapeseed germplasms were planted,nitrogen absorption efficiency(NAE)and nitrogen utilization efficiency(NUE)in seedling stage,bolting stage,initial flowering stage,final flowering stage,and maturity stage were obtained.Results showed that bolting stage was the best period for NAE identification and evaluation.Low N application rate in soil(0.05 g/kg)was the best for NAE,and the indirect indexes were basal stem diameter,plant root dry weight and above ground plant dry weight.Maturity stage was the best period for NUE identification and evaluation.High N application rate in soil(0.3 g/kg)was the best for NUE,and indirect indexes were above ground plant dry weight and basal stem diameter.N application rates of 0.05 g/kg in soil was the best for nitrogen harvest index at maturity stage,and indirect indexes was number of pods per plant.Plant traits of rapeseed germplasms affected NNE.Higher basal stem diameter,plant root dry weight and above ground plant dry weight at bolting stage under low N application rate were important characteristics of N absorption in rapeseed.Higher above ground plant dry weight and basal stem diameter at maturity stage under high N application rate were important characteristics of N utilization.Higher number of pods per plant at maturity stage under lowe N application rate was an important characteristic of N harvest index.These results provided a reliable index for N management and provided theoretical basis for guiding rapeseed breeding.

From Human Genome and Gut Microbiome to Personalized Cancer Nutrition

In attempts to improve the quality of life for both healthy and diseased patients,dietary and lifestyle guidelines have been formulated by numerous organizations.However,dietary and lifestyle changes are often insufficient to prevent or cure diseases.Of note,the development of cancer has been shown to be closely related to an individual’s dietary and xenobiotic intake.Interestingly,studies have shown that different people have different reactions to the same dietary interventions.The development of genomic and gut microbiome technologies has started to illuminate internal causes of many of the above phenomena.Variations in the genome affect an individual’s metabolism and the bioavailability of nutrients.Variations in the bacterial colonization lead to different functional potentials for the microbe,differences in metabolite production and modulation of the host’s metabolism.Quantifying and incorporating these factors into a comprehensive individualized nutrition plan may enable cancer patients to receive rational and effective nutritional treatment.

Performance evaluation of IoT-based service system for monitoring nutritional deficiencies in plants

This study aimed to develop and evaluate the performance of a service system platform based on the Internet of Things(IoT)for monitoring nutritional deficiencies in plants and providing fertilizer recommendations.There are two distinct differences between this work and previous ones;namely,this service system platform has been developed based on IoT using a system engineering approach and its performance has been evaluated using dependability.We have successfully developed and integrated a service system platform and chlorophyll meter that is based on IoT.We have also successfully tested the performance of the service system platform using the JMeter software.The dependability value measured from the five tested variables(reliability,availability,integrity,maintainability,and safety)showed a value of 0.97 which represents a very good level of system confidence in not failing to deliver services to users under normal operational conditions.From a future perspective,this platform can be used as an alternative service to monitor nutrient deficiencies in plants and provide fertilization recommendations to increase yields,reduce fertilizer costs,and prevent the use of excessive fertilizers,which can cause environmental pollution.

黄芪药渣与全株玉米混合青贮对饲料感官、发酵品质及营养成分的影响

本试验探讨黄芪(Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.) Bunge)药渣和全株玉米(Zea mays L.)混合青贮对青贮饲料感官、发酵品质及营养成分的影响,旨在为黄芪药渣及其它中药渣饲料资源化应用提供新途径。共设4个混合水平,黄芪药渣分别占全株玉米鲜重的0%,5%,10%,15%。青贮饲料发酵240 d后,取样检测评定。结果表明:黄芪药渣和全株玉米混合青贮有利于改善青贮饲料的气味和结构;0%混合水平的饲料pH值、乙酸(Acetic acid, AA)和氨态氮(Ammoniacal nitrogen, NH3-N)含量显著高于其他混合水平(P<0.05);乳酸(Lactic acid, LA)含量显著低于其他混合水平(P<0.05);0%混合水平饲料粗蛋白(Crude protein, CP)、磷(Phosphorus)含量显著低于其他混合水平(P<0.05),5%混合水平CP、粗脂肪(Ether Extract, EE)、P含量显著高于其它混合水平(P<0.05);随着混合水平升高,干物质(Dry matter, DM)、中性洗涤纤维(Neutral detergen fiber, NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(Acid detergent fiber, ADF)含量显著升高(P<0.05)。综上所述,5%混合水平饲料青贮品质较好。