Overlapping approach Proton Pump Inhibitors/Nux vomica-Heel as new intervention for gastro-esophageal reflux management:Delphi consensus study

BACKGROUND Gastro-esophageal reflux disease(GERD)may affect the upper digestive tract;up to 20%of population in Western nations are affected by GERD.Antacids,histamine H2-receptor antagonists,and Proton Pump Inhibitors(PPIs)are considered the referring medications for GERD.Nevertheless,PPIs must be managed carefully because their use,especially chronic,could be linked with some adverse effects.An effective and safe alternative pharmacological tool for GERD is needed.After the identification of potentially new medications to flank PPIs,it is mandatory to revise and improve good clinical practices even through a consensus process.AIM To optimize diagnosis and treatment guidelines for GERD through a consensus based on Delphi method.METHODS The availability of clinical studies describing the action of the multicomponent/multitarget medication Nux vomica-Heel,subject of the consensus,is the basic prerequisite for the consensus itself.A modified Delphi process was used to reach a consensus among a panel of Italian GERD specialists on the overlapping approach PPIs/Nux vomica-Heel as a new intervention model for the management of GERD.The Voting Consensus group was composed of 49 Italian Medical Doctors with different specializations:Gastroenterology,otolaryngology,geriatrics,and general medicine.A scientific committee analyzed the literature,determined areas that required investigation(in agreement with the multiple-choice questionnaire results),and identified two topics of interest:(1)GERD disease;and(2)GERD treatment.Statements for each of these topics were then formulated and validated.The Delphi process involved two rounds of questioning submitted to the panel experts using an online platform.RESULTS According to their routinary GERD practice and current clinical evidence,the panel members provided feedback to each questionnaire statement.The experts evaluated 15 statements and reached consensus on all 15.The statements regarding the GERD disease showed high levels of agreement,with consensus ranging from 70%to 92%.The statements regarding the GERD treatment also showed very high levels of agreement,with consensus ranging from 90%to 100%.This Delphi process was able to reach consensus among physicians in relevant aspects of GERD management,such as the adoption of a new approach to treat patients with GERD based on the overlapping between PPIs and Nux vomica-Heel.The consensus was unanimous among the physicians with different specializations,underlying the uniqueness of the agreement reached to identify in the overlapping approach between PPIs and Nux vomica-Heel a new intervention model for GERD management.The results support that an effective approach to deprescribe PPIs through a progressive decalage timetable(reducing PPIs administration to as-needed use),should be considered.CONCLUSION Nux vomica-Heel appears to be a valid opportunity for GERD treatment to favor the deprescription of PPIs and to maintain low disease activity together with the symptomatology remission.

LINUX操作系统的教学探讨

针对高职院校计算机操作系统课程的现状,结合LINUX操作系统的优势和辽宁信息职业技术学院校开设的LINUX课程的教学体会,对LINUX操作系统在高职院校计算机课程体系中的重要性做了阐述。

DHCP中继代理在虚拟机linux系统中的研究与实现

DHCP是一种用于简化计算机IP地址配置管理的协议,企业使用DHCP可以解决手工分配地址的失误和IP地址管理不善而造成的问题。本文从初学者的角度出发,在虚拟机linux环境中,研究了大型网络如何跨越子网分配IP地址的技术。

无线mesh网络路由算法设计及Linux实现

本文介绍了基于Linux平台的NS2仿真器针对Mesh网络路由协议的仿真过程,分别从分组投递率、平均时延、平均跳数三个方面比较了目前两种典型的路由协议——AODV和DSR的性能,详细介绍了整个仿真过程的步骤。最后,在Linux操作系统上实现了AODV路由协议,并通过视频业务验证了方案的可行性。

基于Linux的PC路由器

目前大多数常见的低端商用路由器一般都有 1～ 2个WAN口 ,LAN口通常都只有一个 ,无法进行两个局域网的路由交互连 ,而不购买专用路由器设备 ,而是以Linux作为操作系统 ,利用Linux的路由功能去构筑IP中由器 ,以实现设计目标的技术方案是比较经济可行 ,这种方案充分利用了lin操作系统的稳定性、安全性和高性价比 ,不仅比硬件路由器价格低廉 。

Microstructure, Content and in vitro Release of Brucine and Strychnine in Strychnos Nux-Vomica Powder with Different Particle Sizes

To explore the effect of particle size on the quality uniformity and in vitro release performance of Strychnos nux-vomica powder, seven samples of Strychnos nux-vomica powder with different particle sizes were prepared.Microstructures and particle sizes were analyzed, and high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) was used to test the contents and in vitro release performances of brucine and strychnine in the samples. Results showed that the contents and the in vitro release rates of brucine(or strychnine) in different samples were different since there are different proportions of endosperms to epidermal cells in Strychnos nux-vomica powder with different particle sizes. Brucine and strychnine in each sample were promptly released in the first ten minutes and their cumulative release rates were higher than 70% after ten minutes. Eighty minutes later, the cumulative release rate tended to be a constant. Considering the quality uniformity and safety of Strychnos nux-vomica powder used as traditional Chinese medicine, it would be better to control the particle size of Strychnos nux-vomica powder between 100 and 140 mesh in which the maximum cumulative release rate in vitro of brucine and strychnine can be relatively low within this range.

让娱乐更简单,快乐更纯粹! NUX SA-25音箱真的来了!

NUX品牌(纽克斯)的原声弹唱音箱这几年一直针对更专业、更简单、更轻便的方向不断更新,从前几年惊艳登场的Stageman开始,再到2019年火遍全网的Street Artist系列SA-40音箱。今天,Street Artist系列又添一员大将——SA-25可充电便携式弹唱蓝牙音箱!SA-25沿袭了NUX原声音箱的经典外观,木制外壳以及简洁的设计语言让它看起来更像是一件优雅的艺术品。

The mechanism of hepatotoxicity of Nux Vomica:a network-pharmacology-based study

Objective:To explore the potential mechanism of hepatotoxicity induced by Nux Vomica through network toxicology.Methods:The active components and targets of Nux Vomica were identified and screened by Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform Database(TCMSP),literature research,PubChem Database,Swiss Target Prediction database,etc.Genecards,pharmGKB and OMIM databases were used to collect hepatotoxicity related targets,then,cross them with active component targets to obtain potential targets of hepatotoxicity caused by Nux Vomica.A"Nux Vomica-Potential active components-Potential targets-Hepatotoxicity"network was constructed with Cytoscape 3.8.0 software.The String 11.0 database was used to construct the protein-protein interaction(PPI)network of the targets and to screen out the core targets.In addition,Gene Ontology(GO)function enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis were conducted by R software,and then the obtained pathways directly related to hepatotoxicity were integrated.Results:In this study,37 active components were screened via TCMSP and literature research,468 targets for the active components of Nux Vomica were obtained.There were 533 hepatotoxicity-related targets,73 potential targets for hepatotoxicity caused by Nux Vomica,and 26 potential active components,among which Ferulic acid,Novacine,Icajine,Simiarenol were the key active components for hepatotoxicity caused by Nux Vomica,and JUN,RELA,and STAT3 were the core target proteins of hepatotoxicity caused by Nux Vomica.There were 1859 GO entries(P-value<0.05),including 1709 entries of Biological Process(BP),39 entries of Cellular Component(CC),and 111 entries of Molecular Function(MF).KEGG enrichment analysis revealed 145 pathways(value<0.05),of which PI3K/AKT signaling pathway,HIF-1 signaling pathway,EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance were strongly correlated with the hepatotoxicity caused by Nux Vomica.Conclusion:Through network toxicology analysis,it was found that lots of potential components in Nux Vomica may be involved in the activation of the excessive inflammatory response,oxidative stress,and the LPS response through multiple targets and multiple pathways,resulting in the generation of hepatotoxicity.

Cytotoxicities of alkaloids from processed and unprocessed seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica

目的：测定６种中药马钱子生品及不同炮制品的总生物碱以及１３个单体生物碱的细胞毒性．方法：采用细胞培养法观察马钱子生物碱对Ｖｅｒｏ细胞增殖抑制和［３Ｈ］胸腺嘧啶核苷酸参入法对宿主细胞内ＤＮＡ合成的影响．结果：砂炒炮制品的ＩＣ５０值分别是生品的１５５％和２１２％．１３个化合物的ＩＣ５０值分别是０．４５－０．８０ｍｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１和０．５０－１２ｍｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１．马钱子中异型生物碱及氮氧化合物在砂炒炮制品中含量最高，但这些生物碱显示出较小的细胞毒性．其中异马钱子碱氮氧化物毒性最低．砂炒炮制品与其它传统炮制品及生品比较具有更宽的安全范围．结论：马钱子的炮制对其毒性起关键性作用．

Zebrafish model for assessing induced organ toxicity by Strychnos nux-vomica

OBJECTIVE:To assess the acute organ toxicity of Strychnos nux-vomica with zebrafish model visually.METHODS:To assess acute toxicity,we initially determined the lethal concentration after Strychnos nux-vomica treatment for 24 h.Zebrafish was treated with five concentrations Strychnos nux-≦vo LC10 for 24 h,and the effects ofmica on morphology,function of heart,central nervous system,liver,kidney and organ-specific cell death were assessed.Next,we assessed the reversibility of toxic effect.RESULTS:Strychnos nux-vomica has an effect on the different organs of zebrafish,including heart,central nervous system,liver,and kidney,and cadiotoxicity induced by Strychnos nux-vomica was reversible to some extent.CONCLUSION:Zebrafish model is suitable for confirming the toxic target organs for Chinese traditional medicine.

基于“络以通为用”探讨马钱子在特发性肺纤维化治疗中的应用

特发性肺纤维化属于“肺痹”“肺痿”范畴,其发病核心病机为顽痰瘀血阻于肺络,导致肺络痹阻不通。叶天士提出“络脉以通为用”,在特发性肺纤维化急性发作期应用通络药物可疏通肺络,减轻急性发作。马钱子走窜通络,善剔除沉积于肺络中痰瘀之邪。李光熙认为,马钱子虽有毒性,但其疏通络脉之力迅猛,临床多用于治疗痰瘀阻络证,在安全剂量内应用马钱子治疗特发性肺纤维化急性发作可明显改善患者临床症状,降低发作频率。从“络以通为用”论述特发性肺纤维化急性发作的病机,并从中西医角度讨论马钱子对于特发性肺纤维化急性发作的作用机理及临床应用马钱子的注意事项,以其为临床治疗特发性肺纤维化提供新的思路。

Effect Evaluation of Strychnos nux-vomica L.with Integrative Methods for Bortezomib-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Multiple Myeloma Patients:A Self-Controlled Clinical Trial

Objective:To explore the clinical effect and adverse reactions of Strychnos nux-vomica in bortezomib-induced peripheral neuropathy(BIPN)of patients with multiple myeloma(MM).Methods:A total of 19 MM patients with BIPN were enrolled and Nux Vomica Capsule(NVC,0.4 g,thrice daily)were orally administrated for 30 days.Comparative analysis on parameters between pre-and post-therapy,including peripheral neuropathy(PN)grade,neurotoxicity score,Chinese medicine(CM)syndrome score,total neuropathy score(TNS),coagulation function,and serum nerve growth factor(NGF)levels were conducted.The adverse events were monitored.Results:In BIPN of MM patients who received NVC,PN grade was lowered,neurotoxicity score was obviously decreased(P 0.01),and both CM syndrome score and TNS were remarkably decreased(P<0.01).After the therapy,activated partial thromboplastin time was prolonged(P<0.01)and fibrinogen was declined(P<0.05),showing improvement in the hypercoagulable state of patients.No significant difference of NGF recovery degrees was detected between pre-and post-therapy(P>0.05).No evident adverse reactions were observed during the course of treatment.Conclusion:Strychnos nux-vomica L.has significantly effect with a good safety in treatment of BIPN in MM patients.

马钱子胶囊治疗缺血性脑卒中后认知功能障碍的疗效

目的观察马钱子胶囊治疗缺血性脑卒中后认知功能障碍的疗效。方法回顾性分析2020年1月至2022年12月90例急性期和恢复期的缺血性脑卒中患者的临床资料,观察组45例予马钱子胶囊联合常规治疗,对照组45例仅予常规治疗,比较急性期和恢复期两组患者治疗前后NIHSS、mRS、ADCS-ADL评分及综合疗效。结果急性期、恢复期两组治疗后NIHSS、mRS、ADCS-ADL评分优于治疗前(P<0.05);观察组NIHSS、mRS、ADCS-ADL评分治疗前后差值优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论观察组能改善缺血性脑卒中后认知功能障碍,但其机制仍待进一步探讨。

基于遗传算法优化绿豆煮马钱子的加压炮制工艺

目的优选绿豆煮马钱子的加压炮制工艺。方法采用最小二乘法建立炮制时间、炮制压力、绿豆用量和加水量4个因素对士的宁、马钱子碱含量的一元模型函数,通过对一元模型函数进行分析提出多元模型假设;基于正交实验,利用遗传算法对模型中的未定系数进行求解,构建基于士的宁、马钱子碱含量的双目标优化模型,求解模型函数得到最佳工艺,并对其进行验证。结果最佳炮制工艺为:马钱子与绿豆在2.393 MPa饱和蒸汽压力下煮5.5 h,捞出;冲洗除去绿豆,并刮去马钱子皮毛,切顶刀片0.6mm厚;每500g马钱子用绿豆180g、水15L。结论优化后的加压炮制工艺稳定、可行,可为绿豆煮马钱子炮制工艺优化提供参考。

hERG钾通道介导马钱子碱和士的宁对癌细胞的增殖抑制作用

目的探讨马钱子碱和士的宁通过阻断hERG通道发挥抗肿瘤作用。方法采用脂质体转染及选择性培养基构建hERG转染CHO细胞和载体转染CHO细胞的稳定细胞株;CCK-8检测共培养24、48、72 h后马钱子碱及其结构类似物对癌细胞增殖的影响,以及共培养48 h后马钱子碱及其结构类似物对hERG-CHO细胞增殖的影响,以载体转染CHO细胞作为对照;流式细胞术检测马HT29、A549细胞周期;免疫印迹法检测HT29、PC9、A549细胞中hERG蛋白表达。结果马钱子碱和士的宁呈时间和浓度依赖性抑制HT29、PC9、A549细胞增殖,这种抗增殖作用与癌细胞中hERG蛋白表达正相关;而马钱子碱和士的宁的氮氧化物仅在高浓度对hERG通道有较弱的阻断活性,对肿瘤细胞也仅在高浓度表现出较弱的增殖抑制作用。马钱子碱对稳定表达hERG的CHO细胞的增殖抑制作用显著高于载体转染的CHO细胞。马钱子碱和士的宁将HT29细胞周期阻滞于G0/G1期,对A549细胞周期没有明显影响。马钱子碱不影响癌细胞的hERG蛋白表达。结论马钱子碱和士的宁对癌细胞的增殖抑制作用可能与hERG通道阻断相关,该研究将为hERG通道阻断剂在肿瘤治疗方面的应用提供重要的指导和依据。

基于PI3K/Akt/mTOR通路探究马钱子总生物碱对类风湿性关节炎大鼠的作用及机制

目的:分析马钱子总生物碱对类风湿性关节炎(RA)大鼠的作用及对磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(Akt)/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶点(mTOR)通路的影响。方法:50只Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组、RA组、RA+马钱子总生物碱组(100 mg·kg^(-1))、RA+PI3K抑制剂组(20 mg·mL^(-1)LY294002)、RA+马钱子总生物碱+PI3K激活剂组[100 mg·kg^(-1)马钱子总生物碱+20μg·kg^(-1)胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF-1)],除对照组外,其余各组均构建RA模型并根据剂量给药,计算每只大鼠关节评分,测定大鼠血清抗瓜氨酸化蛋白抗体(ACPA)、丙二醛(MDA)水平;苏木精-伊红(HE)染色观察评估大鼠膝关节滑膜组织病理,比较各组Mankin评分、炎细胞浸润数、软骨厚度;测定滑膜组织白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、核转录因子(NF)-κB受体活化因子配体(RANKL)水平;蛋白免疫印迹(Western blot)测定大鼠滑膜组织PI3K/Akt/mTOR通路相关蛋白表达。结果:1)对照组大鼠关节软骨组织结构正常,表面光滑完整,腔隙内组织有良好的完整软骨细胞;RA组关节表面广泛侵蚀,形态无规则,软骨细胞明显丢失,炎性细胞大量浸润,关节软骨厚度低,细胞间基质显著丢失,滑膜中单核炎性细胞浸润可见;RA+马钱子总生物碱组、RA+PI3K抑制剂组呈现保护性体征,关节表面侵蚀降低,炎性细胞浸润减轻,关节软骨厚度增加;与RA+马钱子总生物碱组相比,RA+马钱子总生物碱+PI3K激活剂组关节软骨损伤加重。2)与对照组相比,RA组大鼠关节炎症评分、血清ACPA及MDA水平、Mankin评分、炎细胞浸润数、滑膜组织IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、RANKL升高(P<0.05),软骨厚度降低(P<0.05);与RA组相比,RA+马钱子总生物碱组、RA+PI3K抑制剂组大鼠关节炎症评分、血清ACPA及MDA水平、Mankin评分、炎细胞浸润数、滑膜组织IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、RANKL降低(P<0.05),软骨厚度升高(P<0.05);与RA+马钱子总生物碱组相比,RA+马钱子总生物碱+PI3K激活剂组大鼠关节炎症评分、血清ACPA及MDA水平、Mankin评分、炎细胞浸润数、滑膜组织IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、RANKL升高(P<0.05),软骨厚度降低(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,RA组大鼠滑膜组织磷酸化(p)-PI3K/PI3K、p-Akt/Akt、p-mTOR/mTOR升高(P<0.05);与RA组相比,RA+马钱子总生物碱组、RA+PI3K抑制剂组大鼠滑膜组织p-PI3K/PI3K、p-Akt/Akt、p-mTOR/mTOR降低(P<0.05);与RA+马钱子总生物碱组相比,RA+马钱子总生物碱+PI3K激活剂组大鼠滑膜组织p-PI3K/PI3K、p-Akt/Akt、p-mTOR/mTOR升高(P<0.05)。结论:马钱子总生物碱可能通过抑制PI3K/Akt/mTOR通路缓解RA大鼠炎症。

智能家居系统嵌入式家庭服务器设计与实现

该文设计了一种基于嵌入式系统的家庭服务器,采用ARM11平台作为硬件控制器,软件平台采用Linux操作系统、SQLite数据库和BOA服务器。文中先概括性的介绍了本实验室开发的智能家居系统和家庭服务器的硬件平台,再详细地介绍了家庭服务器设计方案。在ARM-Linux平台上移植了SQLite数据库、BOA服务器、CGIC库,在此基础上实现家庭服务器网络通信、SQLite数据库操作、Web监控功能。实现了与移动监控终端的信息交互和基于ARM-Linux的Web监控,并在本实验室开发的智能家居系统成功应用。

嵌入式数据库在振动监测系统中的应用

随着嵌入式系统的发展,嵌入式数据库在信息采集与监控系统中得到了日益广泛的应用。该文在对嵌入式数据库技术进行分析的基础上介绍了基于嵌入式数据库技术的汽轮机振动监测系统的设计与开发。整个振动监测系统以ARM处理器LPC2292为硬件平台,以μCLinux为嵌入式操作系统,以SQLite为数据库管理系统,对系统的设计方案及软硬件配置、SQLite的移植及嵌入式数据库的访问与操作进行了详细分析。所设计的振动监测系统得到了成功应用,具有较高的数据存储、管理与使用效率。

基于QT/Embedded的动物细胞悬浮培养过程远程监控系统

针对动物细胞悬浮培养过程这一复杂的非线性时变系统,具有影响因素较多、参数之间关联性严重、要求系统的实时性强等特点,为有效实时监测并控制动物细胞悬浮培养过程,设计了基于ARM-Linux和QT/Embedded的嵌入式远程监控系统。该系统实现了对动物细胞悬浮培养过程的温度、p H值、溶解氧和搅拌电机转速等环境参数的实时监控;当参数值出现异常时发出语音报警,并短信通知安全管理人员,远程监控中心可利用QT/Embedded监控界面实现对培养过程的控制。试验结果表明,监控系统能满足系统的实时性要求,可靠性高。

马钱子中16个生物碱类化合物13CNMR谱的数据分析

从炮制前后的马钱子中，提取分离和鉴定了１６个生物碱，其中异马钱子碱、异马钱子碱氮氧化物、异番木鳖碱、氮氧化物、２－羟基，３－甲氧基番木鳖碱为新生物碱。经光谱（１３ＣＮＭＲ，１ＨＮＭＲ，ＩＲ，ＵＶ和ＭＳ）解析，确定其结构。通过实验发现，用１３ＣＮＭＲ谱测定马钱子中生物碱的结构，具有简便、快速等优点，且各化合物及其衍生物的共振峰呈现一定的规律。