A sustainable process to 100%bio-based nylons integrated chemical and biological conversion of lignocellulose

Considerable progress has been made in recent years to the development of sustainable polymers from bio-based feedstocks.In this study,100%bio-based nylons were prepared via an integrated chemical and biological process from lignocellulose.These novel nylons were obtained by the melt polymerization of 3-propyladipic acid derived from lignin and 1,5-pentenediamine/1,4-butanediamine derived from carbohydrate sugar.Central to the concept is a three-step noble metal free catalytic chemical funnelling sequence(Raney Ni mediated reductive catalytic fractionation-reductive funnelling-oxidative funnelling),which allowed for obtaining a single component 3-propyladipic acid from lignin with high efficiency.The structural and thermodynamic properties of the obtained nylons have been systematically investigated,and thus obtained transparent bio-based nylons exhibited higher Mw(>32,000)and excellent thermal stability(Td5%>265℃).Considering their moderate Tg and good melt strength,these transparent bio-based nylons could serve as promising functional additives or temperature-responsive materials.

NILIT enabling nylon recycling through products and partnership

Migdal Haemek,Israel,April 2,2024.NILIT,the global market leader,and a producer of high quality Nylon 6.6 for apparel and owner of the SENSIL?brand,introduces SENSIL?Flow,a new approach to Nylon 6.6 circularity that enables yarn,fabric,and,ultimately,apparel recycling to eliminate waste and further reduce apparel’s environmental impact.SENSIL?Flow is more than just a sustainable performance product.It is an innovative approach that engages the entire supply chain to truly attain circularity through product design and partnership.

Ionic porous polyamide derived N-doped carbon towards highly selective electroreduction of CO_(2)

Electrochemical CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2) RR) has attracted growing attention in energy storage and sustainable production of fuels and chemicals. N-doped carbon materials are preferred metal-free electrocatalysts, but it remains one challenge to finely engineer the active sites and porosity. Herein, we demonstrated that ionic porous polyamides were a kind of versatile precursors to prepare functional carbon materials in a one-step pyrolysis process. The polyamide precursors allowed the maintenance of abundant N species at high temperatures. The existence of ionic moieties and large specific surface area of the precursors promoted the formation of larger porosity carbon with a large specific surface area and sufficient active graphitic-N species by controlling the pyrolysis temperature. The catalyst was highly selective in the CO_(2) RR to produce CO with a maximum Faraday efficiency above 99%, attributable to the improved mass transfer in a large porosity system. This work shows that ionic polyamides are promising carbon precursors for the fabrication of metal-free electrocatalysts for CO_(2) RR.

Ultrathin polyamide nanofiltration membrane prepared by triazine-based porous organic polymer as interlayer for dye removal

Separation membrane with high flux is generally encouraged in industrial application,because of the tremendous needs for decreasing membrane areas,usage costs and space requirements.The most effective and direct method for obtaining the high flux is to decrease membrane thickness.Polyamide(PA)nanofiltration membrane is conventionally prepared by the direct interfacial polymerization(IP)on substrate surface,and results in a thick PA layer.In this work,we proposed a strategy that constructing triazine-based porous organic polymer(TRZ-POP)as the interlayer to prepare the ultrathin PA nanofiltration membranes.TRZ-POP is firstly deposited on the polyethersulfone substrate,and then the formed TRZ-POP provides more adhesion sites towards PA based on its high specific surface areas.The chemical bonding between terminal amine group of TRZ-POP and the amide group of PA further improves the binding force,and strengthens the stability of PA layer.More importantly,the high porosity of TRZPOP layer causes the higher polymerization of initial PA owning to the stored sufficient amino monomer;and H-bonding interaction between amine groups of TRZ-POP and piperazine(PIP)can astrict the release of PIP.Thus,IP process is controlled,and the thinnest thickness of prepared PA layer is only<15 nm.As expected,PA/TRZ-POP membrane shows a more excellent water flux of 1414 L·m^(-2)·h^(-1)·MPa^(-1)than that of the state-of-the-art nanofiltration membranes,and without sacrificing dye rejection.The build of TRZPOP interlayer develops a new method for obtaining a high-flux nanofiltration membrane.

Regulating the Localization of Intumescent Flame Retardant for Improving the Flame Retardancy of Ethylene-vinyl Acetate Copolymer Using Polyamide 6 as a Charring Agent

Polyamide 6 (PA6) was employed as a charring agent of intumescent flame retardant (IFR) to improve the flame retardancy of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA). Different processing procedures were used to regulate the localization of IFR in the EVA matrix. Localizations in which IFR was dispersed in the PA6phase or in the EVA phase were prepared. The effect of the localization of IFR on the flame retardancy of EVA was investigated. The limited oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning (UL 94) and cone calorimeter test (CCT)showed that the localization of IFR in the EVA matrix exhibited a remarkable influence on the flame retardancy.Compared with EVA/IFR, a weak improvement in the flame retardancy was observed in the EVA/PA6/IFR blend withthe localization of IFR in the PA6 phase. When IFR was regulated from the PA6 phase to the EVA matrix,a remarkable increase in the flame retardancy was exhibited. The LOI was increased from 27.8%to 32.7%, and the UL 94 vertical rating was increased from V-2 to V-0. Moreover, an approximately 41.36%decrease in the peak heat release rate was exhibited. A continuous and compact intumescent charring layer that formed in the blends with the localization of IFR in the EVA matrix should be responsible for its excellent flame retardancy.

Nylon innovation to a new height!The digital person“Rong”lights up the fiber highlight moment

Fujian Eversun Jinjiang Co.,Ltd.(hereinafter referred to as“Eversun Jinjiang”)and China International Fabrics Design Competition once again jointly set up the“Nylon Product Development&Application Prize”in 2023.After three consecutive years of growth,the award has brought together high-quality nylon products and high-level fabric development enterprises,and accelerated the process of industrial chain coordination and high-quality development.At the 2023 China International Fabrics Design Competition award ceremony held on August 28,fabrics from six outstanding textile enterprises respectively won the Fashion Color Award for Nylon Fabric,Innovation Award for Nylon Fabric Development,and Market Application Award for Nylon Fabric.The six award-winning fabrics in color,style,feel,technology,function,product fancy application has reached a new level compared to previous years.

超声振动对玻璃纤维增强聚酰胺6注塑制件力学性能的影响

为提高纤维增强复合材料的力学性能,对玻璃纤维增强聚酰胺6(PA6/GF)复合材料进行了矩形平板制件超声辅助注射成型实验。通过对制件进行X射线衍射测试、扫描电子显微镜观测、傅里叶红外光谱分析以及拉伸性能测试,研究了超声施加时间和超声功率对制件的结晶度、玻璃纤维的取向程度、玻璃纤维与基体的结合强度以及制件力学性能的影响;并研究了经过超声振动的制件在吸水后其内部结晶度及力学性能的变化。结果表明,施加400 W超声振动,可以明显提高制件的结晶度;施加560 W超声时,玻璃纤维的取向形态得到改善,纤维与基体的结合强度有所提高,充填阶段施加超声所得制件的拉伸强度与弯曲强度比无超声振动的情形分别提高了11.9%与10.1%;但是如果继续增加超声功率,将会使制件的力学性能开始变差。制件吸水后,结晶度和力学性能下降,对制件的成型引入超声振动则能减小这种下降的幅度。

Surlyn树脂改性PA6/CaCl_(2)材料的制备及性能

本文通过双螺杆挤出制备了沙林(Surlyn)树脂改性尼龙6(PA6)/CaCl_(2)材料,通过红外光谱(FTIR)、拉曼光谱(Raman)研究了Surlyn树脂改性对复合材料的分子链结构的影响,并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和扫描电镜(SEM)对改性材料的结晶性能和微观结构进行了分析。结果表明,Surlyn树脂能够促使PA6分子链间氢键减弱,但是PA6/CaCl_(2)/Surlyn复合材料的结晶度变化并不明显,改性后复合材料的γ晶型在总结晶度中所占的比例随Surlyn树脂用量的增加而逐渐增大,添加20%质量分数的Surlyn树脂后PA6/CaCl_(2)/Surlyn复合材料结晶度基本不变,但α晶型的比例由38.43%下降至30.52%。加入15%质量分数的Surlyn树脂后PA6/CaCl_(2)/Surlyn复合材料出现了明显的脆-韧转变;添加20%质量分数的Surlyn树脂后复合材料拉伸强度为58.12 MPa,与纯PA6相比复合材料的拉伸强度仅下降10.42%,而断裂伸长率和缺口冲击强度达到152.14%和10.27 kJ/m^(2),分别增加了135.98%和66.72%。

阻燃永久抗静电型TPAE复合材料的制备

研究将聚酰胺弹性体(TPAE)、氮磷系阻燃剂和聚季铵盐永久抗静电剂,通过双螺杆挤出机进行共混、熔融、挤出,制备得到阻燃抗静电的TPAE复合材料,考察其导电、阻燃和力学性能。结果表明:随着抗静电剂的增加,TPAE材料的表面电阻率呈降低趋势;氮磷系阻燃剂可使TPAE材料的阻燃等级达到UL94-V0级。

不同阻燃剂对尼龙材料加工改性的研究进展

尼龙具有优异的力学性能以及耐腐蚀、耐油性、耐热性等优点,可广泛应用于军工、深海等高端领域。但尼龙材料具有可燃性,在燃烧过程中会产生大量的烟雾、有毒气体和熔体滴落,对人类的生命和财产造成损害。总结了阻燃尼龙基体的加工方式和卤系阻燃剂、磷系阻燃剂、氮系阻燃剂等常用传统阻燃剂改性尼龙材料的技术发展、应用和困境,分析不同种类阻燃剂对尼龙性能的影响机制,并重点论述了生物基阻燃剂及碳基阻燃剂2种先进尼龙阻燃改性方法的优势、发展及潜在应用。

锦纶标准贴衬的质量控制

以商品化的锦纶标准贴衬为研究对象,通过各维度对锦纶贴衬表征。结果表明:不同批次锦纶贴衬材质不同,部分为锦纶6,部分为锦纶66;锦纶贴衬之间线密度差异较大,纬纱线密度最大值是最小值的3.18倍;耐汗渍和耐皂洗色牢度测试结果均存在≥1级的差异;不同批次锦纶标准贴衬毛细效应差距较大,最差的不具有毛细效应。建议聚酰胺纤维标准修订时将考核指标进一步细化,将纤维含量、线密度等指标进行考核,从而保证标准物质的稳定性。

长碳链尼龙研究进展

介绍了长碳链尼龙熔融缩聚法和溶液缩聚法工艺技术的研究状况,分析总结了相关研究思路和工艺路线。概述了近年来长碳链尼龙在增强、增韧及阻燃改性方面的研究进展。分析了长碳链尼龙的市场现况,涵盖了国内外主要的生产厂家,并对长碳链尼龙的改性研究未来趋势进行了展望。

我国聚酰胺6的市场分析

分析了我国聚酰胺6的供需现状及发展前景。截至2023年9月底,我国聚酰胺6的生产能力为6800 kt/a,2022年的消费量为4038.2 kt,预计2027年的生产能力和消费量将分别达到11000 kt/a和4600 kt。文章还指出了聚酰胺6行业的发展趋势,并提出了今后的发展建议。

不同软段的长碳链聚酰胺弹性体的合成与性能

为研究软段种类对聚酰胺(PA)弹性体性能的影响,合成了具有不同性能的热塑性PA弹性体(TPAE)。以十二碳二元酸、十二碳二元胺和三种不同种类的聚醚[聚环氧乙烷(PEO)、聚环氧丙烷(PPO)和聚四氢呋喃(PTHF)]为原料,采用一步法分别合成了三个系列的PA1212基热塑性弹性体。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱确定了TPAE的成功合成,通过差示扫描量热分析、热失重分析、动态力学分析(DMA)、力学性能测试、吸水性能测试和电阻率测试对TPAE的性能进行了表征。结果表明,合成的TPAE的熔点高于170℃,热分解温度高于410℃,其中PEO系列弹性体的熔点和结晶温度较高。DMA测试结果表明PEO软段与PA硬段相容性最好,而PPO系列弹性体在-50~-40℃之间的tanδ大于0.3,表明此种材料在低温下具有良好的阻尼性能。PEO系列弹性体力学性能最优,拉伸强度在30~38.5 MPa之间,断裂伸长率高于620%,且拥有较高的吸水性能,饱和吸水率可达到30.2%,体积电阻率相对于PA1212降低了6个数量级。而PTHF系列弹性体有着最低的吸水率,饱和吸水率低至1.4%。三种材料可以应用于不同场景。

生物基聚酰胺510弹性体的制备及表征

以生物基戊二胺和癸二酸为单体采用熔融缩聚制备全生物基聚酰胺510。以双端羧基的聚酰胺510作为硬段,聚乙二醇为软段,采用两步熔融缩聚法制备生物基聚酰胺510弹性体。采用核磁共振氢谱和傅里叶变换红外光谱表征聚酰胺510弹性体的化学结构;通过差示扫描量热仪和热重分析仪测试聚酰胺510弹性体的热性能;利用万能试验机测试力学性能。结果表明,聚酰胺510弹性体的熔点、结晶温度、起始热分解温度、最大分解速率温度分别为210,163,395,452℃,低于聚酰胺510的217,177,410,456℃;在热学性能表征中,与聚酰胺510相比,聚酰胺510弹性体具有宽的加工窗口;在力学性能上,聚酰胺510弹性体的拉伸强度为42.7 MPa,低于聚酰胺510的拉伸强度60.3 MPa,断裂伸长率为224%,高于聚酰胺510的172%,聚酰胺510弹性体的柔韧性要高于聚酰胺510;在流变性能分析中,聚酰胺510弹性体低于聚酰胺510的储能模量、损耗模量及复数黏度,这是因为聚乙二醇影响了聚酰胺510的晶型结构及晶型的完整性。

聚酰胺弹性体对生物基聚酰胺56和聚酰胺66共混物的增韧改性及其发泡行为研究

采用聚酰胺弹性体MH2030对生物基聚酰胺56/聚酰胺66(PA56/PA66)混合物进行增韧改性,并采用超临界CO_(2)间歇发泡技术制备了一系列不同的生物基PA56泡沫。研究了MH2030含量对PA56/PA66结晶性能、流变性能、力学性能及发泡性能的影响。结果表明,MH2030的加入提高了PA56/PA66材料的黏弹性和发泡性能,使结晶峰向高温方向移动,可能作为了体系的成核剂促进了结晶。MH2030使PA56/PA66材料的韧性增加、刚性降低,在添加20%(质量分数,下同)时材料的抗冲击强度最高,比未增韧时提高了30.4%。对MH2030增韧的PA56/PA66样品进行发泡及泡沫压缩测试,在MH2030含量为10%时,基于其较高的泡孔密度和较好的基体力学性能,得到了具有较小泡孔尺寸(19.24μm)和较高压缩强度(0.71 MPa)的微孔泡沫,比未增韧PA56泡沫的压缩强度高29.1%。

聚酰胺酸大分子偶联剂乳液的合成及其在回收玻璃纤维增强高温尼龙的界面改性中的应用

为提升回收玻璃纤维(Recycled glass fiber,rGF)在增强高温尼龙复合材料中的应用价值,制备用于rGF表面处理的耐高温型玻璃纤维浸润剂。以4,4′-联苯醚二酐(ODPA)为二酸酐单体、4,4′-二氨基二苯醚(ODA)为二胺单体,合成聚酰胺酸(PAA),然后与γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH550)反应得到聚酰胺酸大分子偶联剂(PAA-KH550);通过调控ODPA与ODA单体比例,制备得到稳定分散的自乳化PAA-KH550乳液。通过激光粒度分析仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪及热失重分析仪对乳液的粒径、化学结构及PAA-KH550乳液固化膜的耐高温性能进行测试;并采用扫描电子显微镜、单纤维强力机、全自动表面张力仪及复合材料界面评价装置对乳液涂覆的GF进行形貌观察、单丝性能测试、浸润性测试及与聚酰胺46(PA46)的界面剪切强度测试。结果表明:乳液平均粒径均为110~125 nm,且粒径分布较小;PAA-KH550乳液固化膜耐高温性能优于PAA乳液固化膜,其5%热分解温度(T_(d5))在350℃以上;制得的乳液能在rGF表面均匀成膜,有效弥补纤维表面缺陷,从而提升rGF的力学性能。此外,乳液涂敷固化后在纤维表面形成的涂层可有效提高纤维表面能,有助于改善GF与PA46的界面结合性能;实验测得经PAA-KH550乳液处理的GF/PA46复合材料的界面剪切强度(IFSS)最高达到(31.29±6.39)MPa,相比未经乳液处理的样品提高了37%。制备的水体系分散稳定的PAA乳液和PAA-KH550乳液,将其应用于rGF表面可有效恢复rGF的综合性能,同时可改善与PA46的界面结合,提高rGF/PA46复合材料的耐高温性能及力学性能,为rGF在高性能复合材料中的应用提供了新方案。

高黏尼龙66的合成工艺及性能研究

高黏尼龙66在力学性能、化学稳定性等方面均优于一般尼龙66,具有广阔的市场空间和发展前景。采用分段滴加的方法制备出了高纯度的尼龙66盐,探究了预缩聚温度、预缩聚时间、预缩聚压力、盐溶液pH以及催化剂用量对尼龙66聚合过程及相对黏度的影响,确定了生产高黏尼龙66的工艺条件为预聚温度210℃、预聚时间1h、预聚压力1.8MPa、尼龙盐液pH为7.7、催化剂用量0.1%。所合成的尼龙66的黏度可在2.8~4.7间调节,该高黏尼龙66综合性能优异,热稳定性好,耐磨损,能够满足高黏工程用尼龙66的使用要求。

聚酰胺/银纺丝SERS基底的制备与应用研究

表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)是通过吸附在粗糙金属表面或金属纳米结构上的分子与金属表面发生的等离子共振相互作用而引起的拉曼散射增强。为提高基底的比表面积,选择具有良好化学稳定性的聚酰胺(PA),将其通过静电纺丝的方式制备出纳米纤维膜。该试验采用静电纺丝方式制备了PA纳米纤维膜,探究13%~20%之间4种不同浓度的PA溶液的纺丝效果,获得稳定性较好且纤维直径约为100 nm的PA纺丝膜。再利用化学结合的方法,在PA纤维上负载不同粒径的银纳米粒子(Ag NPs),进而得到PA/Ag纺丝膜。将30 nm和58 nm的PA/Ag纺丝膜分别用于拉曼分析,以罗丹明6G(R6G)为探针分子衡量PA/Ag纺丝膜材料的SERS性能,检测限约为10-10 M。58 nm PA/Ag纺丝膜基底拥有更出色的重现性,进一步将其用于叶酸的拉曼检测,基底能够检测到低浓度10-8 M的叶酸,具有良好的SERS效果。

热塑性聚酰胺弹性体合成研究进展

热塑性聚酰胺弹性体(TPAE)是一种由聚酰胺为硬段和聚醚或聚酯等为软段构成的多嵌段共聚物,具有密度低、热稳定性好和耐磨性优等优异性能。TPAE的硬段和软段主要通过它们之间不同类型的端基反应连接,包括羧基与羟基、羧基与氨基、异氰酸酯基与羧基、酰氯与氨基、异氰酸酯基与氨基等官能团之间的缩合反应。本文综述了TPAE合成的研究进展,系统介绍了缩聚反应法、聚加成反应法、原位聚合反应法及其它合成TPAE的方法的反应机理与特点,并分析讨论了它们的优缺点。