Aging in oak barrels is widely used in enology which could bring flavor changes and aromatic complexity to wines.In the present study,the aroma compounds were analyzed from the‘Merlot’dry red wines,which were fermen...Aging in oak barrels is widely used in enology which could bring flavor changes and aromatic complexity to wines.In the present study,the aroma compounds were analyzed from the‘Merlot’dry red wines,which were fermented in two types of fermenters(stainless steel tank and rotated oak barrel)and aged in six types of oak barrels(three geographic origins×two toasting degrees)for different time(0,3,6 and 9 months,respectively).Results showed that 30 volatiles were associated with barrels and increased during oak aging.The fermenters could influence the intensities of the toast,leathery,smoky,fruity,floral and caramel aromas.The concentration of whisky lactone,eugenol,cis-isoeugenol,and the intensities of the toast and spicy aromas were highest in the wines aged in American oak and were lowest in the wines aged in French oak barrels.The concentrations of guaiacol,syringol,trans-isoeugenol,furfural alcohol,vanilla,cis-whisky lactone enabled the medium toasting barrels to be distinguished from the light toasting ones.The compounds originating from the barrels could be used to distinguish the types of different barrels,but the other general grape-derived and fermentation-derived volatiles could not.The fermenters,oak species and toasting degrees of the barrels all had significant effects on the aroma profiles of the aged‘Merlot’dry red wines,but the influence of the geographic origin was not obvious.展开更多
目的分析不同年份白兰地的挥发性香气成分差异,建立陈酿白兰地年份酒快速判别预测模型。方法基于气相色谱-离子迁移谱法(gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry,GC-IMS),利用指纹图谱判别各年份白兰地挥发性香气成分差异和特征...目的分析不同年份白兰地的挥发性香气成分差异,建立陈酿白兰地年份酒快速判别预测模型。方法基于气相色谱-离子迁移谱法(gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry,GC-IMS),利用指纹图谱判别各年份白兰地挥发性香气成分差异和特征性标记物,结合化学计量学方法对各物质吸收峰体积进行数据降维分析和可视化操作,建立年份判别模型。结果共定性出50种挥发性香气成分,指纹图谱显示,不同年份白兰地中挥发性香气成分含量及种类存在显著差异。主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)结果显示,PC1和PC2累计贡献率可达85%,表明不同年份白兰地样品具有良好的聚类效果。通过偏最小二乘回归分析(partialleastsquares-discriminantanalysis,PLS-DA)建立年份酒判别模型,得到不同年份酒样的特征性标记物,筛选出22种变量投影重要性(variable important for the projection,VIP)>1的对陈酿白兰地年份判别贡献较大的挥发性香气成分。结论利用GC-IMS结合多元统计学可快速判别年份白兰地的特征性标记物,并且建模效果良好,可为白兰地的年份鉴别和质量控制提供经验借鉴和应用思路。展开更多
基金the financial support received from The Key Project of R&D Program of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China(2022BBF01003)China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-29).
文摘Aging in oak barrels is widely used in enology which could bring flavor changes and aromatic complexity to wines.In the present study,the aroma compounds were analyzed from the‘Merlot’dry red wines,which were fermented in two types of fermenters(stainless steel tank and rotated oak barrel)and aged in six types of oak barrels(three geographic origins×two toasting degrees)for different time(0,3,6 and 9 months,respectively).Results showed that 30 volatiles were associated with barrels and increased during oak aging.The fermenters could influence the intensities of the toast,leathery,smoky,fruity,floral and caramel aromas.The concentration of whisky lactone,eugenol,cis-isoeugenol,and the intensities of the toast and spicy aromas were highest in the wines aged in American oak and were lowest in the wines aged in French oak barrels.The concentrations of guaiacol,syringol,trans-isoeugenol,furfural alcohol,vanilla,cis-whisky lactone enabled the medium toasting barrels to be distinguished from the light toasting ones.The compounds originating from the barrels could be used to distinguish the types of different barrels,but the other general grape-derived and fermentation-derived volatiles could not.The fermenters,oak species and toasting degrees of the barrels all had significant effects on the aroma profiles of the aged‘Merlot’dry red wines,but the influence of the geographic origin was not obvious.
文摘目的分析不同年份白兰地的挥发性香气成分差异,建立陈酿白兰地年份酒快速判别预测模型。方法基于气相色谱-离子迁移谱法(gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry,GC-IMS),利用指纹图谱判别各年份白兰地挥发性香气成分差异和特征性标记物,结合化学计量学方法对各物质吸收峰体积进行数据降维分析和可视化操作,建立年份判别模型。结果共定性出50种挥发性香气成分,指纹图谱显示,不同年份白兰地中挥发性香气成分含量及种类存在显著差异。主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)结果显示,PC1和PC2累计贡献率可达85%,表明不同年份白兰地样品具有良好的聚类效果。通过偏最小二乘回归分析(partialleastsquares-discriminantanalysis,PLS-DA)建立年份酒判别模型,得到不同年份酒样的特征性标记物,筛选出22种变量投影重要性(variable important for the projection,VIP)>1的对陈酿白兰地年份判别贡献较大的挥发性香气成分。结论利用GC-IMS结合多元统计学可快速判别年份白兰地的特征性标记物,并且建模效果良好,可为白兰地的年份鉴别和质量控制提供经验借鉴和应用思路。