The Organization of Multimedia Information in Electronic Map

On the basis of an electronic map_based hypermedia data model (EMBHDM),this paper makes a study on the technologies of nonlinear storage,organization,management and browsing of information as well as organization of data on the basis of the relationship between multimedia information of electronic maps. This paper first analyzes some features of electronic maps and hypermedia technology,and then illustrates the creation of EMBHDM with some examples.The tests show that this model can efficiently organize and express multimedia data.

Visualization issues in the development of electronic atlas in China

In this paper, we discuss the development of electronic atlas in China, with focus on the issues of visualization. We particularly categorise this development into four periods, and then analyse the characters in each period and discuss the visualization issues. The four periods are highlighted: 1) Infant period (<1990) characterized as computer assisted mapping with products of screen maps; 2) Starting period (1991-1995) characterized as object-oriented mapping with products of interactive maps/atlases; 3) Advancing period (1996-2000) characterized as integrated mapping with products of multimedia cartographic maps; 4) New era (> 2001) characterized as web mapping and adaptive map design with products of Internet maps and atlas as well as adaptive maps. It is obvious that the development follows the logical way from static to dynamic, and even real time visualization, from single user to multiple users, from presentation to exploration for effective communication and knowledge construction. Current research and development projects are focused on customisation of atlas information systems for real-time tasks, Internet operability, small displays and mobile environments. The major challenges involved in each of such customisation processes are identified and commented in relation to the further development of visualization.

DESIGN AND COMPILATION OF AGRICULTURAL ELECTRONIC ATLAS AT COUNTY-LEVEL

:With the rapid development and application of new techniques,cartograp hy has entered the 21st centu-ry’s digital period from computer-a ssist mapping in the 1970s,traditio nal map representation has transformed from 2-D,mono-medium,static into 3-D,multi-media,dynamic and network(including internet),and gradually is developing to-wards 4-D(time,space).There appeared digital map,electr onic map,soft map,hard map,interac tive map,mingle map etc.Agricultural map needs to in clude much more contents in 3-D,multi-media than other types of map.Only electron-ic mapcanrepresentcompletely these contents.Compiling agricultural electronic atlas atcounty-levelaims to reflectscientifi-cally China’s modernization agricu lture development level,the new ach ievements of agricultural science a nd technology.Agricultural electronic atlas at county-level should take“sustainable development as the theme;systematically reflec t the natural resources and natural en vironment in a county;the spatial an d temporal distribution and changin g lawof agricultur-al resources(including climate,soil and water).In the paper the authors introduce t he concrete contents of agricultura l electronic atlas,their compilatio n process,and corresponding software and hard ware as well as an example.In agricul tur-al electronic atlas design the most advanced multi-media techniques must be used.The procedure of agricultu ral electron-ic atlas includes the study on compilation aim,content selection analysis,overall framework and data organ ization,determin-ing compilation program.Agricultu re includes many contents;each county has its own emphasis.In designing we set up a county’s theme according to its con crete situation,the atlas contents are selected around the theme.For example,the main problems faced by the agricultu re of Da’an City in Jilin Province is l and desertification,so land desertification and its control are the theme of agricult ural electronic atlas of Da’an City.When we compile other county’s agric ultural electron-ic atlas,only changing theme conten ts,can we get another county’s agric ultural electronic atlas.

Magnetic Properties and Electronic Structure of ThCo₄B

We present density functional theory DFT ab initio calculation of the electronic and magnetic properties of ThCo4B compound using the self-consistent full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FPLAPW) method as implemented in the Wien2k package. The influence of the local environment on the Co magnetic moments is discussed by comparing the magnetic and electronic properties of ThCo4B to its parent ThCo5 compound. The total magnetic moment in these two compounds is dominated by the Co moment. The Spin orbit interaction affects the electronic structure and spin-density maps of the p-state of Th.

Uncovering the internal structure of five-fold twinned nanowires through 3D electron diffraction mapping

Five-fold twinned nanostructures are intrinsically strained or relaxed by extended defects to satisfy the space-filling requirement.Although both of metallic and semiconductor five-fold twinned nanostructures show inhomogeneity in their cross-sectional strain distribution,the evident strain concentration at twin boundaries in the semiconductor systems has been found in contrast to the metallic systems.Naturally,a problem is raised how the chemical bonding characteristics of various five-fold twinned nanosystems affects their strain-relieving defect structures.Here using three-dimensional(3D)electron diffraction mapping methodology,the intrinsic strain and the strain-relieving defects in a pentagonal Ag nanowire and a star-shaped boron carbide nanowire,both of them have basically equal radial twin-plane width about 30 nm,are nondestructively characterized.The non-uniform strain and defect distribution between the five single crystalline segments are found in both of the five-fold twinned nanowires.Diffraction intensity fine structure analysis for the boron carbide five-fold twinned nanowire indicates the presence of high-density of planar defects which are responsible for the accommodation of the intrinsic angular excess.However,for the Ag five-fold twinned nanowire,the star-disclination strain field is still present,although is partially relieved by the formation of localized stacking fault layers accompanied by partial dislocations.Energetic analysis suggests that the variety in the strain-relaxation ways for the two types of five-fold twinned nanowires could be ascribed to the large difference in shear modulus between the soft noble metal Ag and the superhard covalent compound boron carbide.

An Edge-assisted, Object-oriented Random Forest Approach for Refined Extraction of Tea Plantations Using Multi-temporal Sentinel-2 and High-resolution Gaofen-2 Imagery

As a consumed and influential natural plant beverage,tea is widely planted in subtropical and tropical areas all over the world.Affected by(sub)tropical climate characteristics,the underlying surface of the tea distribution area is extremely complex,with a variety of vegetation types.In addition,tea distribution is scattered and fragmentized in most of China.Therefore,it is difficult to obtain accurate tea information based on coarse resolution remote sensing data and existing feature extraction methods.This study proposed a boundary-enhanced,object-oriented random forest method on the basis of high-resolution GF-2 and multi-temporal Sentinel-2 data.This method uses multispectral indexes,textures,vegetable indices,and variation characteristics of time-series NDVI from the multi-temporal Sentinel-2 imageries to obtain abundant features related to the growth of tea plantations.To reduce feature redundancy and computation time,the feature elimination algorithm based on Mean Decrease Accuracy(MDA)was used to generate the optimal feature set.Considering the serious boundary inconsistency problem caused by the complex and fragmented land cover types,high resolution GF-2 image was segmented based on the MultiResolution Segmentation(MRS)algorithm to assist the segmentation of Sentinel-2,which contributes to delineating meaningful objects and enhancing the reliability of the boundary for tea plantations.Finally,the object-oriented random forest method was utilized to extract the tea information based on the optimal feature combination in the Jingmai Mountain,Yunnan Province.The resulting tea plantation map had high accuracy,with a 95.38%overall accuracy and 0.91 kappa coefficient.We conclude that the proposed method is effective for mapping tea plantations in high heterogeneity mountainous areas and has the potential for mapping tea plantations in large areas.

Electron Energy Spectroscopic Mapping of Surface Plasmon by Parallel Scanning Method

In this work,electron energy spectroscopic mapping of surface plasmon of Ag nanostructures on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite is reported.Benefitting from the angular dispersive feature of the present scanning probe electron energy spectrometer,a multi-channel detection mode is developed.By scanning along one direction,the two-dimensional intensity distribution of Ag surface plasmon excitation due to the collision of electron emitted from the tip can be obtained in parallel.The spectroscopic spatial resolution is determined to be around 80 nm.

Lithium mapping in a Mg-9Li-4Al-1Zn alloy using electron energy-loss spectroscopy

Magnesium-lithium alloys with high lithium content have been attracting significant attention because of their low density,high formability and corrosion resistance.These properties are dependent on the distribution of lithium,which is difficult to map in the presence of magnesium.In this work,a ratio spectrum-imaging method with electron energy-loss spectroscopy(EELS)is demonstrated,which enables the mapping of lithium.In application to LAZ941(Mg-9Li-4Al-1Zn in wt.%),this technique revealed that a key precipitate in the microstructure,previously thought by some to be Mg_(17)Al_(12),is in fact rich in lithium.This result was corroborated with a structural investigation by high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy(HAADF-STEM),showing this phase to be Al_(1-x)Zn_(x)Li,with x<<1.This work indicates the potential offered by this technique for mapping lithium in materials.

Environmental Effects on Electronic Devices in Mexico

This paper shows the results of the assessment of impairment suffered by elements of electronic equipment by environmental effects in different climatic zones of Mexico. For this study, evaluated devices were evaluated that are mostly exposed under different climatic conditions of operation, to determine the degree of damage suffered which leads to malfunction, reduced service life and loss of information in some cases. The main contribution is to identify the causes of the deterioration to delay the effect of atmospheric corrosion deterioration in electronic components. The Mexican Republic has a wide range of climates and subclimates over its territory, sampling was performed for each one of the most representative regions, by their nature tend to be more conducive to the release of corrosive effect on the computer and electronic devices. For the determination of existing impairment in electronic equipment, a methodology is proposed for the evaluation of samples taken from each region, determining the degree of corrosion that exists in these devices. It should be noted that according to the literature, the main pollutants that lead to the deterioration caused by corrosive environmental phenomena are SO2, NOx, CO, CO2, coupled with the presence of ozone and chloride, characteristic of the coastal region, combined with the percent relative humidity (% HR), and temperature cycles as reported by environmental monitoring systems in Mexico. With the study of atmospheric corrosivity in electronic devices has been determined: 1) Design and operation of chamber to accelerated atmospheric corrosion testing. 2) Identification of electronic components with increased susceptibility to corrosive phenomena under typical environmental different regions of Mexico. 3) Correlation of damage suffered in electronic equipment under typical operating conditions and accelerated tests. 4) Determining the degree of atmospheric corrosion on electronic equipment. 5) Construction of atmospheric corrosivity map for Mexico in electronic devices.

Assessment of International GNSS Service Global Ionosphere Map products over China region based on measurements from the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China

The global ionosphere maps(GIM)provided by the International GNSS Service(IGS)are extensively utilized for ionospheric morphology monitoring,scientific research,and practical application.Assessing the credibility of GIM products in data-sparse regions is of paramount importance.In this study,measurements from the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China(CMONOC)are leveraged to evaluate the suitability of IGS-GIM products over China region in 2013-2014.The indices of mean error(ME),root mean square error(RMSE),and normalized RMSE(NRMSE)are then utilized to quantify the accuracy of IGS-GIM products.Results revealed distinct local time and latitudinal dependencies in IGS-GIM errors,with substantially high errors at nighttime(NRMSE:39%)and above 40°latitude(NRMSE:49%).Seasonal differences also emerged,with larger equinoctial deviations(NRMSE:33.5%)compared with summer(20%).A preliminary analysis implied that the irregular assimilation of sparse IGS observations,compounded by China’s distinct geomagnetic topology,may manifest as error variations.These results suggest that modeling based solely on IGS-GIM observations engenders inadequate representations across China and that a thorough examination would proffer the necessary foundation for advancing regional total electron content(TEC)constructions.

基于MAPINFO电子地图制作方法研究

研究利用 Map Info商用 GIS软作制作电子地图的方法 ,分析在制作过程中的关键技术问题 。

基于MapGIS-IMS的WebGIS应用研究

通过与传统的GIS技术进行比较,介绍了WebGIS的概念、特点和体系结构模型,并介绍基于MapGIS IMS的旅游电子地图的开发流程、各项功能实现的原理和一些技术难点的解决方法。

基于MapInfo与MapX的电子地图

随着GIS(地理信息系统)的发展与完善,它的开发工具也日趋成熟。MapInfo公司顺应这发展潮流,开发了MapInfo以及MapX控件,可以实现复杂的GIS系统设计。根据桂林市规划地图,首先利用MapInfo 9.5构建地图数据,然后通过Geoset Manager生成Geoset格式文件,最后在Visual Studio 2008编程环境下、利用C#编程语言对MapX控件进行二次开发,最终实现桂林市电子地图。

基于多维模型的电喷汽油机MAP图的数值生成

将DPIK点火模型和单步燃烧模型集成在K IVA-3V中,构建汽油机MAP研究的多维模型。对汽油机工作过程进行数值模拟,并以动力性、经济性和指示功为控制条件,结合试验数据对点火提前角和喷油脉宽进行优化。研究表明:用多维模型模拟的方法生成的MAP可以作为电喷汽油机的初始MAP。

用MapInfo数据生成导航电子地图道路网络

提出一种为车辆导航系统生成具有拓扑结构道路网络的方法 ,并以北京市部分地图为例 。

基于Visual C++环境的MapObjects组件开发

分析了MapObjects组件的特点和功能,介绍了在VisualC++环境下基于MapObjects组件开发地理信息系统的方法,并结合一个车辆定位监控系统探讨了图层处理、实时跟踪、地理要素拾取、图层标注、交互式提示等功能的具体实现,给出了该系统的设计原理、组成、功能、主要技术特点及其应用。实践表明,系统编程体现了地图组件处理地理信息的优势和面向对象编程的灵活性。

基于MapObjects开发电子地图的应用实例

介绍了ESRI公司开发研制的MapObjects地理信息系统控件的特点，并基于MapObjects开发了长沙市电子地图应用软件。研究表明，该控件能满足一般GIS功能的需求，是开发具有GIS功能软件的较好的开发工具。

基于MapX控件的鹰眼图实现方法

介绍了在MFC中创建MapX控件的原理,讨论了使用VC++6.0和MapX控件实现鹰眼图的方法,分析了用 不同的创建方式创建的MapX控件之间进行信息交流的问题,并给出了相应的解决方案。解决该问题的思路具有较强的实 用性和通用性。

基于嵌入式Linux的MapInfo格式地图显示

本文实现MapInfo格式的地图在嵌入式arm-linux平台下的显示。首先通过建立交叉编译环境和平台运行环境,完成MiniGUI到arm-linux平台的移植,使平台支持图形显示。接着根据MapInfo的tab,id,dat,map等格式文件内部特有的结构编程得到的地理坐标数据和坐标系的信息,再按需要通过椭球坐标系转换向平面坐标系的转换,对应到MiniGUI的显示区,最后在平台的LCD上显示地图。整体系统流程简单清晰,显示效果较好。

AutoCAD图到MapInfo图转换过程中区域对象的处理

本文给出了AutoCAD图到MapInfo图的转换过程中区域对象的处理方法,详细描述了选择构成闭合回路的线(折线)对象的算法,并指出了方法中存在的问题。