Association of adiponectin genotype polymorphisms at positions 45 and 276 with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome

Objective： To investigate the relationship between adiponectin genotype polymorphisms and obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome （OSAHS）. Methods： Using the TaqMan polymerase chain reaction（PCR） method, the single nucleotide polymorphisms（SNP） at positions 45 and 276 in the adiponectin gene were determined in Chinese of the Han nationality in the Nanjing district. The OSAHS group consisted of 78 patients, and the control group contained 40 subjects. The association of adiponectin genotype polymorphisms at positions 45 and 276 with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome was analyzed. Results： No evidence of a direct association was found between OSAHS and adiponectin genotype SNP at positions 45 and 276（P〉 0.05）. However, compared with those OSAHS patients having G/T＋T/T genotype at position 276, the OSAHS patients with the G/G genotype showed a greater neck circumference（NC）, a prolonged duration of the longest apnea event, and elevated levels of blood cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol（P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion： No direct association was detected between OSAHS and adiponectin genotype distribution at positions 45 and 276 in Chinese of Han nationality in the Nanjing district. However, OSAHS patients with the adiponectin G/G genotype at position 276 had a larger NC and the longest apnea event compared to those having the adiponectin SNP276 G/T ＋T/T genotype. This may have an indirect influence on the development of OSAHS,

A preliminary study on correlation between adiponectin genotype polymorphisms and obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome

Background Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome （OSAHS） is regarded as a disease with strong genetic background and associated with hypoadiponectinemia. It is worthwhile to investigate the possible correlation between the single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） in the adiponectin gene and OSAHS. Methods With the TaqMan polymerase chain reaction （PCR） method, the SNPs at positions 45 and 276 in the adiponectin gene were determined in Chinese of Han nationality in Nanjing district consisting of 103 OSAHS patients （OSAHS group） and 67 normal controls （control group）. The association of adiponectin genotype polymorphisms at positions 45 and 276 with OSAHS was analyzed. Results No evidence of a direct association was found between OSAHS and adiponectin genotype SNP at positions 45 and 276 （P 〉0.05）. However, compared with those OSAHS patients having G/T＋T/T genotype at position 276, the OSAHS patients with GIG genotype showed a longer neck circumference, a prolonged duration of the longest apnea event, and an elevated level of blood cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （P 〈0.05）. Conclusions No direct association was suggested between OSAHS and adiponectin genotype distribution at positions 45 and 276 in Chinese of Han nationality in Nanjing district. However, in OSAHS patients, those with adiponectin G/G genotype at position 276, seemed to have a higher potential dsk in development of OSAHS than those having adiponectin SNP276 G/T ＋T/T genotype.

Clinical analysis of pharyngeal musculature and genioglossus exercising to treat obstructive sleep apnea and hypopnea syndrome

Objective： To evaluate the effect of pharyngeal musculature and genioglossus exercising on obstructive sleep apnea and hypopnea syndrome （OSAHS）. Methods： We conducted a non-randomized retrospective clinical trial of 75 patients with OSAHS. Fifty-four patients were managed by exercising of the pharyngeal musculature and genioglossus （exercising group）. Twenty-one patients, who refused to undertake any treatment, were defined as the control group. We took the Epworth Sleepiness Scale （ESS）, checked patients＇ polysomnography, and took 320- detector computed tomography （CT） before treatment. Six and twelve months later, we made records of apnea hypopnea index （AHI）, lowest arterial oxygen saturation （LSaO2）, body mass index （BMI）, the shortest sagittal diameter, and transverse diameter, and the effective rates of exercising were calculated and compared with the 21 patients without any treatment （control group） at the same time. SPSS 10.0 was used to analyze the data. Results： Before treatment, the ESS value was 7.67; 6 and 12 months later, the values were 3.54 and 3.25, respectively in the exercising group. AHI was decreased to 15.36 after 6 months and 13.79 after 12 months from 22.84 at the beginning. LSaO2 values were up to 81.18% after 6 months and 81.93% after 12 months from 74.05% at the beginning. There were significant differences in ESS scores, AHI, and LSaO2 between pre-treatment and post-treatment in the exercising group （P〈0.05）. However, there was no statistical difference in all the parameters between 6 and 12 months of exercising. The effective rates were 70.37% and 74.07% after 6- and 12-month exercising, respectively. There were significant differences between the exercising and control groups （P〈0.0001）. There was no statistical difference in the effective rate of the exercising group between 6 and 12 months of exercising （P〉0.05）. At 12 months of exercising, the compliance of the anteroposterior pharyngeal wall of the retropalatal area was lower （P〈0.01） than that before treatment. There was no significant change of BMI in either group. Conclusions： Exercising pharyngeal musculature and genioglossus is a kind of non-invasive and cost-effective method to treat some OSAHS patients, especially those who are old, without surgical complications, and especially mild and moderate OSAHS patients who do not want to take surgery and continuous positive airway pressure （CPAP） treatment. In addition, exercising pharyngeal musculature and genioglossus can be considered as remedial treatment of OSAHS to surgery and other therapies.