Site occupations and ordering behaviour of O phase in Ti_2AlNb-based intermetallics

The site occupations of the alloying elements of O phase in Ti 2AlNb based intermetallics are clarified. The ordering behaviours of the O phase in Ti y Al z Nb( y ≥ 25%, mole fraction) orthorhombic alloys are also investigated with a Bragg Williams model. In the temperature range where the O phases exist, the order parameters change with the alloy composition and temperature continuously, and the first order transition character is very "

Proximity to corridors benefits bird communities in vegetated interrow vineyards in Mendoza, Argentina

Management under ecological schemes and increasing habitat heterogeneity,are essential for enhancing biodiversity in vineyards.Birds provide several contributions to agriculture,for example pest control,recreation and enhancing human mental health,and have intrinsic value.Birds are also ideal model organisms because they are easy to survey,and species respond differently to agricultural land use at different scales.Vegetated borders of crops are key for many species of birds,and distance to the border have been found to be an important factor in vineyard-dominated agroecosystems.We evaluate if there are differences in the bird assemblage,between the interior compared to borders within vineyards,using a hierarchical community occupancy model.We hypoth-esized that occupancy of birds is greater in environments with greater heterogeneity,which in this study was considered to be contributed by the proximity to vegetated corridors.We expected that vineyard borders close to corridors will have higher bird occupancy than the center of the vineyard.The research was conducted in three vineyards with biodiversity-friendly management practices,in Gualtallary,Mendoza,Argentina.Bird surveys were conducted over three breeding seasons from 2018 to 2020.Occupancy and richness of the bird community was more closely associated with the borders adjacent to the corridors than with the interior of the vineyards,as we initially predicted,although the assemblage of birds did not differ much.More than 75%of the registered species consume exclusively or partially invertebrates.Biodiversity-friendly management and ecological schemes,together with vegetated corridors provide multiple benefits for biodiversity conservation.These ap-proaches not only minimize the use of agrochemicals but also prioritize soil cover with spontaneous vegetation,which supports a diverse community of insectivorous bird species,potentially contributing to pest control.

基于AHP-DS异质数据融合的建筑空间占用感知算法

智慧建筑智能控制系统旨在优化建筑物的建筑空间舒适度及能源分配,近年来受到了广泛关注,而建筑空间占用信息对智慧建筑管理系统的决策具有重要作用。现有建筑空间占用感知方法尚未针对如何融合具有不确定性、冲突性的多源数据问题提出有效解决方案,基于此,本文将D-S证据理论引入建筑空间占用预测中,并构建了基于建筑空间占用检测的mass函数确保D-S证据理论在该应用中的性能。另外,本文引入层次分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP)解决多源异构数据源间的冲突所导致的建筑空间占用误测的问题,以提升感知精准度和系统性能。

Comparative Analysis between Community and Occupants’ Rating Systems for Sustainable Urban Communities (SUC)

Overpopulation globally is an addressed issue impacting human lives, marine lives, and the surrounding ecosystem;it is adding pressure on the available resources that should be optimized to suit the needs. Yet with improper management of resources and monitoring of daily activities, the environment will be further negatively impacted. With overpopulation higher urbanization rates are noticed with the demand of seeking better health facilities, better education, better jobs and better well-being;this progression is driving more demand into the infrastructure sector to be able to accommodate the growth rates. Hence, the need to having sustainable communities aiming at optimizing the resources used, working towards more feasible, environmentally friendly and cost-effective communities with a better occupant’s experience is in action. Sustainable development goals (SDG) are vital goals developed by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) in 2015 to address and guide through 17 interconnected global goals serving the previously mentioned trend. Out of the 17 goals, Sustainable Cities and Communities (goal #11) and Good Health and Well-Being (goal #3) are the focus of this paper directed towards holding a comparative analysis between the community scale commonly known and mostly used rating system Leadership of Energy and Environmental Design (LEED-Cities and Communities) (USA) versus similar rating systems like Tarsheed-Communities (Egypt) and Estidama-Pearl (UAE) rating systems meeting sustainable development goal #11. Conjointly, another complimenting comparative review of the occupant’s health and wellbeing rating systems, such as Fitwel (USA) and Well (USA) are studied under sustainable development goal #3;however, they are focused on a building scale assessment. Living Community Challenge (LCC, USA) rating system linking community rating system with health & wellbeing credits was first issued in 2006, yet is it not cost effective neither easy to apply acting as a primary step while being affordable, accessible, and easy to implement. The objective of this paper is to highlight the pros and gaps under both categories of studies of community rating system and occupants’ health & wellbeing rating systems based on scientific content and commercial acceptance and do-ability. This comparison is done via comparing credits and sections within each rating system type;this will support in addressing the focal points needed for an integrated rating system between both categories that will serve in meeting SDG Sustainable Cities and Communities (goal #11) and Good Health and Well-Being (goal #3).

基于S-O-R理论的新型公共阅读空间用户流失行为分析——来自大众点评网用户评论

文章以大众点评网站中新型公共阅读空间的评论数据为对象,以S-O-R模型为理论基础,利用Python爬取其“中评”与“差评”的评论数据,运用内容分析法归纳得出新型公共阅读空间用户流失行为的主要因素,并构建新型公共阅读空间用户流失行为模型。在此基础上,提出提高新型公共阅读空间服务效能的相关建议,为提高新型阅读空间的服务质量,降低用户流失率提供参考。

端面密封材料S-07不锈钢滑动摩擦学行为的分子动力学模拟

为探究端面密封材料S-07不锈钢在不同参数下的摩擦学行为,构建纳米尺度下S-07不锈钢的摩擦磨损模型,以对偶件的压入深度和滑动速度作为变量,研究S-07不锈钢表面摩擦学性能及形貌变化。结果表明:随着摩擦相对滑动速度的增加(50、100、150 m/s),S-07不锈钢磨损表面粗糙度降低;随着对偶件压入深度(0.3、0.6、0.9 nm)的增大,摩擦因数呈上升趋势;磨损量随压入深度增大而增大,随滑动速度上升呈下降趋势。在微观尺度上,从位错、塑性变形等角度解释了在不同磨损条件下S-07不锈钢性能变化的原因,为该材料适用摩擦工况的选择提供了理论参考。

Occupational burnout in nurses:a concept analysis

Objective:This paper aims to clarify the concept of occupational burnout(OB)as well as develop appropriate methods to relieve or prevent OB in the nursing profession.Methods:Walker and Avant's eight-step approach of concept analysis was applied.Results:OB was defined as a chronic form of work-related stress.Accurately,it was characterized by emotional exhaustion,depersonalization/cynicism,and reduced personal accomplishment/inefficacy.Antecedents of burnout included(a)demographic characteristics;(b)chronic exposure to work-related stressors;(c)quantitative and qualitative job demands;(d)lack of job resources;and(e)personality traits.Consequences involved(a)individual’s unfavorable quality of life;(b)negative impact on the organization;and(c)poor services quality.Although the Maslach Burnout Inventory(MBI)is perceived as an ideal tool to measure burnout and hence,it is used worldwide,whether this instrument fits to measure this concept for nurses has still not yet been verified and thus further research is needed.Conclusions:By proposing a comprehensive definition of the concept,this analysis contributes to recognition of the process of OB of nurses.All nurses are vulnerable to OB.Hence,burnout in nursing needs to be recognized as a critical factor in the delivery of safe patient care.It proposes that the prevention of OB would be achieved through team communication training,mindfulness group,education,etc.

Tribological Behaviour of Aluminium/Alumina/Graphite Hybrid Metal Matrix Composite Using Taguchi’s Techniques

Tribological behaviour of aluminium alloy (Al-Si10Mg) reinforced with alumina (9%) and graphite (3%) fabricated by stir casting process was investigated. The wear and frictional properties of the hybrid metal matrix composites was studied by performing dry sliding wear test using a pin-on-disc wear tester. Experiments were conducted based on the plan of experiments generated through Taguchi’s technique. A L27 Orthogonal array was selected for analysis of the data. Investigation to find the influence of applied load, sliding speed and sliding distance on wear rate, as well as the coefficient of friction during wearing process was carried out using ANOVA and regression equations for each response were developed. Objective of the model was chosen as ‘smaller the better’ characteristics to analyse the dry sliding wear resistance. Results show that sliding distance has the highest influence followed by load and sliding speed. Finally, confirmation tests were carried out to verify the experimental results and Scanning Electron Microscopic studies were done on the wear surfaces.

Aggressive behavioural interactions between swans(Cygnus spp.)and other waterbirds during winter:a webcam-based study

Background:Our understanding of any impacts of swans on other waterbirds(including other swans),and potential effects on waterbird community structure,remain limited by a paucity of fundamental behavioural and ecological data,including which species swans interact aggressively with and how frequently such interactions occur.Methods:Behavioural observations of aggression by swans and other waterbirds in winters 2018/2019 and 2019/2020,were carried out via live-streaming webcams at two wintering sites in the UK.All occurrence sampling was used to identify all aggressive interactions between conspecific or heterospecifics individuals,whilst focal observations were used to record the total time spent by swans on aggressive interactions with other swans.Binomial tests were then used to assess whether the proportion of intraspecific aggressive interactions of each species differed from 0.5(which would indicate equal numbers of intraspecific and interspecific interactions).Zero-inflated generalized linear mixed effects models(ZIGLMMs)were used to assess between-individual variation in the total time spent by swans on aggressive interactions with other swans.Results:All three swan species were most frequently aggressive towards,and received most aggression from,their conspecifics.Our 10-min focal observations showed that Whooper(Cygnus cygnus)and Bewick’s Swans(C.columbianus bewickii)spent 13.8±4.7 s(means±95%CI)and 1.4±0.3 s,respectively,on aggression with other swans.These durations were equivalent to 2.3%and 0.2%of the Whooper and Bewick’s Swan time-activity budgets,respectively.Model selection indicated that the time spent in aggressive interactions with other swans was best-explained by the number of other swans present for Whooper Swans,and an interactive effect of time of day and winter of observation for Bewick’s Swans.However,the relationship between swan numbers and Whooper Swan aggression times was not strong(R2=19.3%).Conclusions:Whilst swans do exhibit some aggression towards smaller waterbirds,the majority of aggression by swans is directed towards other swans.Aggression focused on conspecifics likely reflects greater overlap in resource use,and hence higher potential for competition,between individuals of the same species.Our study provides an example of how questions relating to avian behaviour can be addressed using methods of remote data collection such as live-streaming webcams.

Modelling occupant behaviour for urban scale simulation:Review of available approaches and tools

Urban building energy modelling(UBEM)is considered one of the high-performance computational tools that enable analyzing energy use and the corresponding emission of different building sectors at large scales.However,the efficiency of these models relies on their capability to estimate more realistic building performance indicators at different temporal and spatial scales.The uncertainty of modelling occupants'behaviours(OB)aspects is one of the main reasons for the discrepancy between the UBEM predicted results and the building's actual performance.As a result,research efforts focused on improving the approaches to model OB at an urban scale considering different diversity factors.On the other hand,the impact of occupants in the current practice is still considered through fixed schedules and behaviours pattern.To bridge the gap between academic efforts and practice,the applicability of OB models to be integrated into the available UBEM tools needs to be analyzed.To this end,this paper aims to investigate the flexibility and extensibility of existing UBEM tools to model OB with different approaches by(1)reviewing UBEM's current workflow and the main characteristics of its inputs,(2)reviewing the existing OB models and identifying their main characteristics and level of details that can contribute to UBEM accuracy,(3)providing a breakdown of the occupant-related features in the commonly used tools.The results of this investigation are relevant to researchers and tool developers to identify areas for improvements,as well as urban energy modellers to understand the different approaches to model OB in available tools.

Frequency of Occupation with Different Objects by Growing Rabbits under Various Conditions

The investigation was carried out with altogether 332 growing rabbits （ZIKA） in six rounds of 8 weeks duration respectively （R1-R6） with the following occupational objects： wooden gnawing stick （WGS）, plastic gnawing stick （PGS） and two iron chains connected by a horizontal stick （ICS）, wooden gnawing limb （WGL） and a horizontal iron chain （HIC）. The feeding system varied from pellet feeding ad libitum （in the first rounds, in the following rounds it decreased pro-rata whereas the proportion of the crude fibre feed （loose or pressed in blocks） increased appropriately） to crude fibre feeding ad libitum. The behavior ＂occupation with the tool＂ was infrared video recorded and continuously analyzed and summarized in hour-values per rabbit. The average frequency of occupation per rabbit and hour ranged from 0,13 to 2.19 concerning the rounds and between 0.12 and 1,30 concerning the tools. Altogether, it could be assumed that different occupational tools had an influence on the engaging behavior but the effect of the round which was affected by the feeding system was higher. The investigation showed that rabbits spent less time occupying with the tool when they were fed with an increasing percentage of crude fibre （less pellets） in the ration.

Influence of Blocking-Stressors on Post-90s Employees’ Occupational Mobility: The Chain Mediating Effect of Psychological Contracts and Negative Emotion

To clarify the mechanism of blocking-stressors,psychological contracts,and negative emotions on post-90s employees’occupational mobility,based on the literature study,a hypothetical model of the relationship was established.Using the blocking-stressor,psychological contract,negative emotion,and occupational mobility scales,317 post-90s employees were selected to investigate their status.It used correlation analysis and intermedi-ary effect tests to verify the hypothesis model.The results showed that:first,there were significant positive cor-relations between blocking-stressors,negative emotions,and occupational mobility,while indicating a significant negative correlation with the psychological contract;second,blocking-stressors can directly and significantly pre-dict occupational mobility;and third,blocking-stressors can indirectly affect occupational mobility through the mediating role of negative emotions and the chain-mediating role of psychological contracts and negative emo-tions.The effective intervention of blocking-stressors,psychological contracts,and negative emotions can reduce the rate of occupational mobility and provide some guidance for enterprises in making rational use of human resources.

Optimisation of Climate Robust Buildings under Summer Conditions with ＂Primero-Comfort＂ Simulation Software Including Detailed User Behaviour and Comfort Expectance

In this paper the possibilities for avoiding active air conditioning by all means of the room itself （window size, glazing, shading system, natural ventilation, and furniture）, artificial light and control strategy of these systems are investigated. A very important component of the system is the user with his ability to adapt to changing conditions in his surrounding and with his possibilities to manipulate the window, the shading system, the light switch etc. All these aspects interact together. It is necessary to optimize them simultaneously. But real planning often separates them into single sections. Simulation tools also handle normally only one or a few aspects, we know for example the thermal simulation or the daylight simulation. Primero-Comfort （2009） is a simulation tool based on energy＋, what is able to consider thermal simulation as well as daylight simulation as well as user behaviour in regard to the probability of window openings. The resulting thermal comfort is rated by an adaptive comfort model, the Dutch ISSO 74 （2004）. This allows designing office rooms more realistic. And it shows that an optimized solution has to include the interactions of aU mentioned aspects. Investigations with Primero-Comfort for a moderate European climate （Hamburg） show that a very good comfort can be reached only by passive means of building design also for hot summer weather just like the summer in the year 2003. The keys for such hot-summer-robust-buildings are night ventilation with height difference, heat protection glazing and good shading system, reduced internal heat gains for artificial light by accepting a threshold of 300 lx of daylight as comfortable and a reduced window size oriented on daylighting and the view out of the window.

Effect of Globalisation on Food Behaviour Among Badagas

An ethnography study was conducted among five villages in Kotagiri district of Tamil Nadu,to identify“how globalisation affects the food behaviour of Badagas”.The research is a qualitative study,having implemented Vygotsky’s socio-cultural theory.The traditional food processed and prepared by women of Badagar community is intimately connected to their socio-cultural,ecological,and spiritual life and health.The processing and preparation of ethnic foods demonstrate not only the creativity and treasure of food heritage of tribal women,but also their incremental learning to sustain the life and ecosystem as a whole.Looking to the diversities in ethnic foods,an attempt has been made to explore the ethnic foods from five different villages in Kotagiri district.The food choices made by people,either as individuals or as a group,can reveal views,passions,background knowledge,assumptions,and personalities.Food choices tell stories of families,migrations,assimilation,resistance,changes over times,and personal as well as group identity.In each place,the processing method of these foods is somewhat different based on the growing international trade,migration,tourism,and globalisation.The food used in the dietary system was found to be nutritionally rich and culturally important in various festivals and ceremonies.Ethnic food prepared and consumed by women in the past cannot be seen in the isolated mode,instead it is a complex dynamics in which nutrition,health,food security,culture,ethics,subsistence economy,and ecological sustainability are integral components.This paper thereby determines and defines the behaviour and practice of food among the respondents,its change,and cause.

Customer Retention: Behaviour Perspective Model of Ghanaian Telecommunication Industry Using Multinomial Regression Analysis

To stay competitive, the mobile telecommunication companies spend millions of Ghana cedi each year on building long-term relationships with their customers. Marketing managers are constantly challenged with the problem of where to channel the limited resources in order to retain existing customers. This study approaches the customer retention problem in the mobile phone sector from a behavioural perspective, applying the Behavioural Perspective Model as the main analytical framework and further exploits some other factors that influence customer retention. The model includes a set of pre-behaviour and post-behaviour factors to study consumer choice, and explains its relevant drivers in a viable and comprehensive way, grounded in radical behaviourism. Data for the analysis were collected from tertiary students from Accra and Takoradi. Data collected were analysed using the multinomial regression technique. Analysis of the data revealed that the Behaviour setting factor is the only significant element in Behaviour Perspective Model. Further exploitation of behaviour situation revealed that the number of networks a customer uses, previous experience of a customer and customer’s intention are significant factors in determining customer retention in Ghana’s mobile telecommunication industry.

Advancing and demonstrating the Impact Indices method to screen the sensitivity of building energy use to occupant behaviour

A critical gap between the occupant behaviour research field and the building engineering practice limits the integration of occupant-centric strategies into simulation-aided building design and operation.Closing this gap would contribute to the implementation of strategies that improve the occupants’well-being while reducing the buildings’environmental footprint.In this view,it is urgent to develop guidelines,standardised methods,and supporting tools that facilitate the integration of advanced occupant behaviour models into the simulation studies.One important step that needs to be fully integrated into the simulation workflow is the identification of influential and non-influential occupant behaviour aspects for a given simulation problem.Accordingly,this article advances and demonstrates the application of the Impact Indices method,a fast and efficient method for screening the potential impact of occupant behaviour on the heating and cooling demand.Specifically,the method now allows the calculation of Impact Indices quantifying the sensitivity of building energy use to occupancy,lighting use,plug-load appliances use,and blind operation at any spatial and temporal resolution.Hence,users can apply it in more detailed heating and cooling scenarios without losing information.Furthermore,they can identify which components in building design and operation require more sophisticated occupant behaviour models.An office building is used as a real case study to illustrate the application of the method and asses its performance against a one-factor-at-a-time sensitivity analysis.The Impact Indices method indicates that occupancy,lighting use and plug-load appliances have the greatest impact on the annual cooling demand of the studied office building;blind operation is influential only in the west and south façades of the building.Finally,potential applications of the method in building design and operation practice are discussed.

A hybrid agent⁃based machine learning method for human⁃centred energy consumption prediction

Occupant behaviour has significant impacts on the performance of machine learning algorithms when predicting building energy consumption.Due to a variety of reasons(e.g.,underperforming building energy management systems or restrictions due to privacy policies),the availability of occupational data has long been an obstacle that hinders the performance of machine learning algorithms in predicting building energy consumption.Therefore,this study proposed an agent⁃based machine learning model whereby agent⁃based modelling was employed to generate simulated occupational data as input features for machine learning algorithms for building energy consumption prediction.Boruta feature selection was also introduced in this study to select all relevant features.The results indicated that the performances of machine learning algorithms in predicting building energy consumption were significantly improved when using simulated occupational data,with even greater improvements after conducting Boruta feature selection.

高固相含量Si_3N_4浆料的研究（Ⅰ）──分散剂对Si_3N_4及助烧结剂胶体

本工作以制备适用于直接凝固注模成型（ｄｉｒｅｃｔｃｏａｇｕｌａｔｉｏｎｃａｓｔｉｎｇ，ＤＣＣ）等胶态成型方法（ｃｏｌｌｏｉｄａｌｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｉｎｇ）的高固相含量低粘度的浆料为目的，研究了氮化硅及助烧结剂的胶体特性。研究采用Ａｌ（ＯＨ）３溶胶及柠檬酸铵作为分散剂，分别改善氮化硅及助烧结剂氧化铝和氧化钇的胶体特性，使氮化硅、氧化铝及氧化钇在水中具有相似的胶体特性，并在适用于ＤＣＣ成型的ｐＨ值范围为９～１０具有最大ＥＳＡ值（ξ电位）。本文讨论了所用分散剂改善氮化硅及助烧结剂胶体特性的机理。

基于IFCM-DEMATEL的海员职业健康与安全风险评价

针对海员工伤事故性质的特殊性和严重性,需全面评价分析其职业健康与安全(OHS)水平。从人-机-环-管4个方面识别相关影响因素,建立海员OHS风险评价指标体系;基于直觉模糊认知图(IFCM)和决策试验与评价试验法(DEMATEL)来建立OHS风险评价模型,综合考虑风险评价信息的不确定性和模糊性等特征;利用D-S证据理论来解决专家信息集成问题;通过IFCM模型推理得出定量数据和评价等级;采用DEMATEL筛选重要指标进行对策模拟,分析对策的效益,从而提出重要的针对性意见。算例分析结果表明:所提的模型具有较好的适用性,可为海员OHS风险管理提供参考建议。

ATS／PEEK共混物的结晶熔融行为

用ＤＳＣ研究了ＰＥＥＫ和ＡＴＳ／ＰＥＥＫ共混物的结晶熔融行为。ＰＥＥＫ的结晶熔融行为取决于其物理状态、熔融、退火结晶和固相处理条件。ＡＴＳ的加入使ＰＰＳ的冷结晶温度Ｔ＿（ｏｃ）提高，Ｔ＿ｃ和Ｔ＿ｍ降低。固相处理引起ＰＥＥＫ无定形区热氧化交联，淬火样品退火结晶后出现双熔融峰，随退火温度提高，高温峰Ｔ＿（ｍ２）基本不变，低温峰Ｔ＿（ｍ１）移向高温，最后与Ｔ＿（ｍ２）重迭成单峰。ＡＴＳ对ＰＥＥＫ的Ｔ＿（ｍ１）影响不大，但使其Ｔ＿（ｍ２）降低。