West Pacific and North Indian Ocean Seafloor and Their Ocean-Continent Connection Zones: Evolution and Debates

The Indian Ocean and the West Pacific Ocean and their ocean-continent connection zones are the core area of ＂the Belt and Road＂. Scientific and in-depth recognition to the natural environment, disaster distribution, resources, energy potential of ＂the Belt and Road＂ development, is the cut-in point of the current Earth science community to serve urgent national needs. This paper mainly discusses the following key tectonic problems in the West Pacific and North Indian oceans and their ocean-continent connection zones （OCCZs）： 1. modern marine geodynamic problems related to the two oceans. Based on the research and development needs to the two oceans and the ocean-continent transition zones, this item includes the following questions. （1） Plate origin, growth, death and evolution in the two oceans, for example, 1） The initial origin and process of the triangle Pacific Plate including causes and difference of the Galapagos and West Shatsky microplates; 2） spatial and temporal process, present status and trends of the plates within the Paleo- or Present-day Pacific Ocean to the evolution of the East Asian Continental Domain; 3） origin and evolution of the Indian Ocean and assembly and dispersal of supercontinents. （2） Latest research progress and problems of mid-oceanic ridges： 1） the ridge-hot spot interaction and ridge accretion, how to think about the relationship between vertical accretion behavior of thousands years or tens of thousands years and lateral spreading of millions years at 0 Ma mid- oceanic ridges; 2） the difference of formation mechanisms between the back-arc basin extension and the normal mid-oceanic ridge spreading; 3） the differentials between ultra-slow Indian Ocean and the rapid Pacific spreading, whether there are active and passive spreading, and a push force in the mid-oceanic ridge; 4） mid-oceanic ridge jumping and termination： causes of the intra-oceanic plate reorganization, termination, and spatial jumps; 5） interaction of mantle plume and mid-oceanic ridge. （3） On the intra- oceanic subduetion and tectonics： 1） the origin ofintra-oceanic arc and subduction, ridge subduction and slab window on continental margins, transform faults and transform-type continental margin; 2） causes of the large igneous provinces, oceanic plateaus and seamount chains. （4） The oceanic core complex and rheology of oceanic crust in the Indian Ocean. （5） Advances on the driving force within oceanic plates, including mantle convection, negative buoyancy, trench suction and mid-oceanic ridge push, is reviewed and discussed. 2. The ocean-continent connection zones near the two oceans, including： （1） Property of continental margin basement： the crusts of the Okinawa Trough, the Okhotsk Sea, and east of New Zealand are the continental crusts or oceanic crusts, and origin of micro-continent within the oceans; （2） the ocean-continent transition and coupling process, revealing from the comparison of the major events between the West Pacific Ocean seamount chains and the continental margins, mantle exhumation and the ocean-continent transition zones, causes of transform fault within back-arc basin, formation and subduction of transform-type continental margin; （3） strike-slip faulting between the West Pacific Ocean and the East Asian Continent and its temporal and spatial range and scale; （4） connection between deep and surface processes within the two ocean and their connection zones, namely the assembly among the Eurasian, Pacific and India-Australia plates and the related effect from the deep mantle, lithosphere, to crust and surface Earth system, and some related issues within the connection zones of the two oceans under the super-convergent background. 3. On the relationship, especially their present relations and evolutionary trends, between the Paleo- or Present-day Pacific plates and the Tethyan Belt, the Eurasian Plate or the plates within the Indian Ocean. At last, this paper makes a perspective of the related marine geology, ocean-continent connection zone and in-depth geology for the two oceans and one zone.

Research advances on transfer zones in rift basins and their influence on hydrocarbon accumulation

Transfer zones are structural areas of faults interactions where fault motion or displacement can be transferred from one fault to another, regional strain maintains laterally constant. Transfer zones are widely developed in rift basins and have significance on hydrocarbon accumulation. In this review article, we attempt to summarize recent advances on the types, distance-displacement curves, evolutionary stages and controlling factors of transfer zones in rift basins and their effects on sedimentary systems, reservoir properties, trap formation and hydrocarbon migration. The formation of transfer zones is genetically related to the segmented growth of normal faults. Depending on the degree of interaction between these normal faults, transfer zones in rift basins could be divided into two types: soft-linked and hard-linked, which are further subdivided into transfer slope, oblique anticline, horst and transfer fault based on the combination patterns of normal faults. In general, the development of transfer zones experiences several stages including isolated normal faulting, transfer slope forming, complicating and breaking. During the interaction and growth of segmented normal faults, stress-strain and spatial array of faults, pre-existing basement structures, and mechanical conditions of rocks have a great influence on the location and development processes of transfer zones. A transfer zone is commonly considered as a pathway for conveying sediments from provenance to basin, and it hence exerts an essential control on the distribution of sandbodies. In addition, transfer zone is the area where stresses are concentrated, which facilitates the formation of various types of structural traps, and it is also a favorable conduit for hydrocarbon migration. Consequently, there exists great hydrocarbon potentials in transfer zones to which more attention should be given.

Ocean-continent Transition to Suprasubduction Zone Origin of the Western Yarlung Zangbo Ophiolites in SW Tibet, China: Multi-stage, Transient Evolution of the Neotethyan Oceanic Lithosphere

The ophiolites that crop out discontinuously along the;000 km Yarlung Zangbo Suture zone（YZSZ）between the Nanga Parbat and Namche Barwa syntaxes in southern Tibet represent the remnants of Neotethyan oceanic lithosphere（Fig.1a）.We have investigated the internal structure and the geochemical makeup of mafic-ultramafic rock assemblages that are exposed in the westernmost segment of the YZSZ where the suture zone architecture displays two distinct sub-belts of ophiolitic and mélange units separated by a continental Zhongba terrane（Fig.1b）.These two sub-belts include the Daba–Xiugugabu in the south（Southern sub-belt,SSB）and the Dajiweng–Saga in the north（Northern sub-belt,NSB）.We present new structural,geochemical,geochronological data from upper mantle peridotites and mafic dike intrusions occurring in these two sub-belts and discuss their tectonomagmatic origin.In-situ analysis of zircon grains obtained from mafic dikes within the Baer,Cuobuzha and Jianabeng massifs in the NSB,and within the Dongbo,Purang,Xiugugabu,Zhaga and Zhongba in the SSB have yielded crystallization ages ranging between130 and 122 Ma.Dike rocks in both sub-belts show N-MORB REE patterns and negative Nb,Ta and Ti anomalies,reminiscent of those documented from SSZ ophiolites.*Harzburgitic host rocks of the mafic dike intrusionsmainly display geochemical compositions of abyssal peridotites（Fig.2）,with the exception of the Dajiweng harzburgites,which show the geochemical signatures of forearc peridotites（Lian et al.,2016）.Extrusive rocks that are spatially associated with these peridotite massifs in both sub-belts also have varying compositional and geochemical features.Tithonian to Valanginian（150–135 Ma）basaltic rocks in the Dongbo massif have OIB-like geochemistry and 138 Ma basaltic lavas in the Purang massif have EMORB-like geochemistry（Liu et al.,2015）.Tuffaceous rocks in the Dajiweng massif are140 Ma in age and show OIB-like geochemistry.We interpret these age and geochemical data to reflect a rifted continental margin origin of the extrusive rock units in both sub-belts.These data and structural observations show that the western Yarluang Zangbo ophiolites represent fragments of an Ocean-Continent Transition（OCT）peridotites altered by fluids in an initial supersubduction setting.We infer that mafic-ultramafic rock assemblages exposed in the SSB and NSB initially formed in an ocean–continent transition zone（OCTZ）during the late Jurassic,and that they were subsequently emplaced in the forearc setting of an intraoceanic subduction zone within a Neotethyan seaway during 130 to 122 Ma.The NSB and SSB are hence part of a single,S-directed nappe sheet derived from a Neotethyan seaway located north of the Zhongba terrane.

Effect of Sand Body Enrichment Under the Restriction of a Tectonic Transfer Zone: A Case Study on the Pinghu Formation in the Kongqueting Region on the Pinghu Slope

Results of long-term explorations in the Kongqueting region,located in an East China Sea depression,suggest that the strong fault activity during the sedimentary period of the Pinghu formation significantly influenced the development of the sedimentary system.However,the aggregation and enrichment of the sand body under a tectonic background has become a problem that requires an immediate solution.Considering research outcomes of previous studies,this study used three-dimensional seismic and logging data to identify Y-or H-type and the en echelon distribution patterns of the fault plane,as well as identify the locations wherein the fault growth index value is greater than 1 in the study region,indicating the tectonic background of the fault transfer zone in the region.Second,the development type of the fault transfer zone was studied,and the sand body enrichment site was identified based on seismic inversion data and the development position of the fault transfer point.This helps clarify the evolution of sedimentary facies of the Pinghu formation combined with the sedimentary environment of the braided-river delta.Finally,after summarizing the coupling relationship between the synsedimentary fault systems and the sand body enrichment patterns,three sand-control models were determined,namely,the flexural-parallel,the en echelon collinear,and the torsional-reformed superimposed transfer zones.The findings of this study lay a foundation for the subsequent search of tectonic lithologic oil and gas reservoirs.

Analysis and Research on Industrial Land Transfer in Hefei City Economic and Technological Development Zone of Anhui Province

In recent years,with high-speed development of economy and society,and fast propulsion of industrialization and urbanization process in the development zone,average annual land demand in the development zone also quickly enlarges,and the contradiction between high-speed growth of economy and shortage of land resources is apparent increasingly. Meanwhile,to guarantee crop safety and stick to 0. 12 billion hm2of farmland red line as a rigid constraint which could not be exceeded,the supply-demand contradiction of industrial land is more and more prominent. With industrial land scale continues to enlarge,land resources become more and more scarce,but there exists the phenomenon of low-efficiency land use and even idle. For land use characteristics of the development zone,taking Hefei City Economic and Technological Development Zone as an example,the countermeasures of perfecting industrial land transfer mechanism in the development zone are proposed.

Load Transfer Test of Post-Tensioned Anchorage Zone in Ultra High Performance Concrete

Researches on ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) have been conducted worldwide owing to its outstanding durability and strength performances. The exploitation of the mechanical properties of UHPC will render it possible to achieve economic design through substantial reduction in the cross sectional dimensions and simplification in the reinforcement arrangement. This paper investigates experimentally the load transfer in the prestressed concrete anchorage zone. To provide distinctive features of UHPC compared to ordinary concrete, the cross sectional dimensions of the member were reduced and the stress distribution, deformation and cracking pattern of the PS anchorage zone were examined experimentally according to the degree of reinforcement of the members chosen. The distributions of the bursting stress, spalling stress and longitudinal edge stress in the specimens were observed according to the various types of reinforcement. All the specimens satisfied the load-bearing capacity criterion specified by the European ETAG-013 guidelines and their stress distributions were similar to those in the PS anchorages of post-tensioned members applying ordinary concrete. The cracks propagated longitudinally with lengths up to twice the cross sectional dimensions and their width was smaller than when applying ordinary concrete owing to the bridging effect of the steel fibers in UHPC. Accordingly, the exploitation of the high strength of UHPC enabled us to secure the resistance of the anchorage with no need for particular reinforcing devices.

Modeling Water Infiltration and Solute Transfer in a Heterogeneous Vadose Zone as a Function of Entering Flow Rates

Due to its rapid movement, preferential flow (PF) in the vadose zone allows much faster contaminant transport, which may have a significant impact on ground-water quality. PF can occur in heterogeneous vadose zones and it strongly depends on hydric and hydraulic conditions like entering flow rates at surface. This study deals with the modeling of the establishment of PF, and related solute transfer during the infiltration phase in a strongly heterogeneous glaciofluvial deposit. This deposit is made of four contrasting lithofacies (sand, gravel, bimodal gravel and matrix-free gravel) and lies underneath an urban infiltration basin (Lyon, France). Previous studies have been carried out on this site and linked the regionalization of soil pollution with the lithological heterogeneity. But none of them clearly demonstrated how heterogeneity could impact flow and solute transfer and may explain such a regionalization. In this study, we model flow and solute transfer at the trench scale for both uniform and heterogeneous profiles in order to characterize the effect of lithological heterogeneity. In addition, such a modeling was performed for two different entering flow rates to depict the influence of condition at surface on PF. A key result is that heterogeneity clearly impacts unsaturated flow and solute transfer. Numerical modeling permitted pointing out the existence of PF paths associated with the sedimentary heterogeneity of the glaciofluvial deposit. For lower surface fluxes, the sand lens and matrix-free gravel were the sources of capillary barrier effects, leading to a funneled flow and a groundwater recharge characterized by earlier and more dispersed wetting fronts. Such a flow pattern enhances solutes transfer and reduces solute retention by soil. Thus, the effect of heterogeneity on solute transfer is significant, especially for the most reactive solutes.

Effects of Seasons on Embryo Transfer of Cattle in Different Climatic Zones

The paper was to evaluate the efficient seasons for embryo transfer of cattle in different climatic zones in China. Three climatic zones(mid-temperate zone,warm temperate zone,subtropical zone) were designed,and embryo transfers had been carried out in spring,summer,autumn and winter from 2009 to 2011,respectively. The total number of transplant recipient cattle was 22 208. The results showed that the best seasons for embryo transfers varied with different climatic zones. In mid-temperate zone,summer and autumn were better while summer was the best,and the rate of pregnant was 50. 67%(the number of pregnant cattle was 8 005). In warm temperate zone,spring and autumn were better while autumn was the best,and the rate of pregnant was 54. 99 %(the number of pregnant cattle was 551). In subtropical zone,spring and winter were better while winter was the best,and the rate of pregnant was 56. 94 %(the number of pregnant cattle was 328). The seasonal average temperatures and relative humidity of the best seasons in different climatic zones were concentrated on the same region. In mid-temperate zone,the mean temperature ranged between 22. 4 ℃ and 24. 2 ℃,and the mean relative humidity ranged from 44% to 55. 3%. In warm zone,the mean temperature ranges were between 14. 2 ℃ and 16. 2 ℃,and the mean relative humidity ranges were from 59. 3% to 71. 6%. In sub-tropical zone,the mean temperature ranges were between 3. 26 ℃ and 7. 73 ℃,and the mean relative humidity ranges were from 72% to 80. 6%. Therefore,the optimized conditions of temperature and humidity of season in different zones could be simulated. It is possible that we apply the program to bovine production in the similar agroecological zones,which is of great significance for improving the embryo transfer efficiency of livestock in production.

Strata Architectural Variability and Facies Distribution in a Structural Transfer Zone: A Case Study of Fushan Sag, Northern South China Sea

Structural transfer zones in a half-graben rift basin play a significant role in controlling sandy sediments and providing a target for hydrocarbon exploration. Previous studies have classified the transfer zone in lacustrine environments into two different patterns: synthetic approaching transfer zones and synthetic overlapping transfer zones. However, the evolution of the depositional pattern and the controlling factors of the above transfer zones are still unclear. In the Fushan Sag, the northern South China Sea, an overlapping transfer zone developed in the early Eocene Epoch, while a synthetic approaching transfer zone developed in the late Eocene, due to tectonic uplift. This evolutionary process provided an opportunity to study the stacking pattern of strata architectural variability and facies distribution in the structural transfer zone of the Eocene lacustrine basin. In this study, following the indications of the oriented sedimentary structures in core samples and heavy mineral assemblages of 18 wells, the evolution of the paleo-hydrodynamic distribution during the early and late Eocene has been reconstructed. The sequence-stratigraphy was then divided and the sand body parameters calculated, according to the seismic data and well log interpretations. During the early Eocene, the lake level was at a low stand, the faults broken displacement in the East block being over 50 m. The prograding delta and turbidites are oriented perpendicular to the structural transfer zone. According to the quantitative analysis of the flow rate and the depositional parameters, we speculate that gravity transportation of the sediment and the sediment-supply are the dominating factors during this period. Up to the late Eocene, the rising lake level and the decreased fault displacement leads the flow to divert to a NE-direction, resulting in it being parallel to the axis of the transfer zone. Thus, we speculate that the accommodation space is predominant in this period. In comparison with the above two periods, a braided river delta with an isolated sand body and turbidites developing in the deep area is prominent in the overlapping transfer zone, while a meandering river delta is characteristic of the synthetic approaching transfer zone.

Ocean-Continent Subduction within the Paleotethyan Archiopeligic Ocean from Mineralogical Evidence of Muztag Ophiolite, Eastern Kunlun Mountain, China

Former studies show that the Muztag ophiolite, outcropped in the East Kunlun area of Xinjiang, formed in a supra-subduction zone environment. This study is to gain more information about the type of subduetion zone. Through field work, thin section observation and microprobe analysis, petrological and mineralogical characteristics of the metamorphic peridotites of this ophiolite are obtained. Although the olivines of metamorphic peridotites appear in three textures of metamorphic relict, metamorphic recrystallizations and orthopyroxene-melting crystallizations by thin-section observations, they have stable and low Fo range of 87.8- 89.5 by microprobe analysis. The orthopyroxenes show metamorphic relict and melting relict textures, with a low En of 88-90 and a wide range of Al2O3 content, from 2.90 wt% to 5. 13 wt%. The spinels develop anhedral-subhedral textures, with Cr^# （=Cr/（Cr＋AI）） focusing on two ranges of 0. 508-0. 723 and 0. 100-0. 118, respectively. Based on these petrological and mineralogical observations, and combined with the era and tectonic setting for the Muztag ophiolite, it can be concluded that the ophiolite formed in a supra-subduction zone where the oceanic crust subducted down to the continental are with a thick continental crust, and resulted from ocean-continent subducion within the Paleotethyan arehiopelagic ocean in the East Kunlun area of Xinjiang.

Oil source and migration process in oblique transfer zone of Fushan Sag,northern South China Sea

The oblique transfer zone in the Fushan Sag, a syndepositional dome sandwiched between the Bailian and Huangtong sub-sags, has been the most important exploration target. The major oil observation occurs in the E_2l_1^(L+M) and the E_2l_3~U. 46 oil and rock samples reveal that the oil in the transfer zone is mostly contributed by the Bailian sub-sag, though the source rock conditions, hydrocarbon generation and expulsion histories of the Bailian and Huangtong sub-sags are similar. The E_2l_3~U oil, characterized by high maturity, Pr/Ph ratio and oleanane/C_(30)-hopane ratio, shows a close genetic affinity with the E_2l_3~b source rocks, while the E_2l_1^(L+M) oil, characterized by lower maturity, Pr/Ph ratio and oleanane/C_(30)-hopane ratio, is suggested to be derived from the E_2l_(1+2)~b source rocks. The homogenization temperatures of aqueous fluid inclusions, taking the burial history of the reservoirs into account, reflect that the oil charge mainly occurred from mid-Miocene to Pliocene in the oblique transfer zone. The oil transporting passages include connected sand bodies, unconformities and faults in the Fushan Sag. Of these, the faults are the most complicated and significant. The faults differ sharply in the west area, the east area and the oblique transfer zone, resulting in different influence on the oil migration and accumulation. During the main hydrocarbon charge stage, the faults in the west area are characterized by bad vertical sealing and spatially dense distribution. As a result, the oil generated by the Huangtong source rocks is mostly lost along the faults during the vertical migration in the west area. This can be the mechanism proposed to explain the little contribution of the Huangtong source rocks to the oil in the oblique transfer zone. Eventually, an oil migration and accumulation model is built in the oblique transfer zone, which may provide theoretical and practical guides for the oil exploration.

On the Effect of Mist Flow on the Heat Transfer Performances of a Three-Copper- Sphere Configuration

The cooling of a(pebble bed)spent fuel in a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor(HTGR)is adversely affected by an increase in the temperature of the used gas(air).To investigate this problem,a configuration consisting of three copper spheres arranged in tandem subjected to a forced mistflow inside a cylindrical channel is considered.The heat transfer coefficients and related variations as a function of Reynolds number are investigated accord-ingly.The experimental results show that when compared to those with only airflow,the heat transfer coefficient of the spherical elements with mistflow(j=112 kg/m2 hr,Re=55000)increases by 180%,75%,and 20%,respec-tively for thefirst,second,and third spherical element(the corresponding heat transfer enhancement ratio being 2.3,1.4,and 1.1).Additional numerical simulations reveal that the presence of stagnant zones with intense vortex formation around each spherical element contributes significantly to determine the heat transfer behavior.

太阳辐射作用下不同活动水平的室内人体传热特性及热舒适研究

太阳辐射是影响室内空调负荷的重要因素,当阳光直射人体时,影响人体与周围环境热交换,进而影响热感觉,人体处于热中性的环境温度的变化关乎空调系统能耗和人体热舒适。本研究在人工气候室进行冬季实验,利用太阳辐射模拟装置控制太阳辐射强度,受试者穿着典型服装,分别进行静坐与两种步速(3.2、5 km/h)活动,测试生理参数并进行热感觉问卷调查,分析太阳辐射与活动水平共同作用下,人体与周围环境间的传热特性,研究热舒适区偏移规律。结果表明:有太阳辐射时,随着活动强度增加,蒸发传热量占比增加,对流传热与辐射传热占比减小,热舒适区向下偏移,冬季人体维持舒适状态所需的环境温度降低。为该条件下空调室内设计参数的设定提供一定参考,使空调系统更节能。

基于桩-土界面剪切特性的单桩沉降和承载问题研究

近年来,西北地区出现了许多高填方场地,为减小建筑物基础的不均匀沉降,基础类型广泛使用桩基础。与一般场地不同,黄土填方场地中的单桩桩周土受力后仍会产生较大的变形,该类场地单桩沉降机制复杂。桩顶总沉降计算是桩基设计的重要依据,为此,建立了高填方黄土场地单桩桩顶总沉降计算模型。基于传统的荷载传递法和剪切位移法,分别考虑桩-土界面的桩-土相互作用和桩-土界面外剪切带土体的剪切变形。依据桩端边界,将单桩类型分为摩擦桩和端承摩擦桩,分别建立桩周土弹性阶段和塑性阶段的桩身位移控制微分方程,结合边界条件进行求解,得到桩身位移、轴力、侧摩阻力,并通过弹塑性理论求解了桩周土剪切带土体剪切变形,进而通过叠加原理求得桩顶总沉降。用桩长与桩周土塑性发展深度的比值,定义了桩基承载力安全系数K。通过算例分析与现场试验数据对比分析,研究结果表明:使用新的模型计算得到的桩顶总沉降与现场试验结果相近;当桩顶荷载较小、桩周土处于弹性阶段时,桩端边界对桩身轴力、位移和侧摩阻力影响很小,但桩周土进入塑性滑移阶段后,桩端边界的影响开始变大,考虑桩端土的承载能力会极大提高单桩极限承载力;建立了将荷载传递法和剪切位移法综合起来的计算模型,不仅可以考虑桩-土界面的相对滑移,还可以计算桩-土界面外土体剪切带的剪切变形,使得桩顶总沉降计算更加精确,可为类似场地中单桩沉降的分析与控制提供一定的参考。

泰兴市非饱和带与饱和带间固液界面传质模型的推导

非饱和带与饱和带紧密相联,建立两者交界处的固液界面传质模型,可以为非饱和带耦合饱和带模型提供一定理论基础,对更好地预测地下水污染趋势也非常有意义。文章以江苏省泰兴市为研究对象,将吸附与解吸、颗粒薄膜扩散、分配作用、稀释作用4种固液界面反应和非饱和带、饱和带的特性结合,推导出将非饱和带与饱和带联系在一起的固液界面传质模型。使用Matlab模拟模型参数改变时,地下水中污染物浓度的变化。结果表明,该模型是可行的,但是污染场地、污染物种类可能会对模型模拟结果造成影响。

遏制地方政府隐性债务增量的路径优化研究

遏制地方政府隐性债务增量,是防范化解地方政府债务风险,统筹发展与安全的重要方面。文章选取2002—2019年有发债记录的511个县区,其中包括被划为重点生态功能区的53个县区、接受生态补偿的113个县区,选择全部未接受生态补偿的样本设立生态功能区研究组、选择全部未划为国家重点生态功能区的样本设立生态补偿研究组,分别以国家重点生态功能区制度(减负)和生态补偿制度(补偿)作为两种不同的政策冲击,通过PSM方法进行一对一近邻匹配和多期DID回归,实证研究减负与补偿这两种不同路径对遏制地方政府债务增长的影响。研究发现,国家重点生态功能区制度显著降低了地方政府的举债规模,而生态补偿制度的效果则恰恰相反。经过平行趋势检验、重新构造研究组、更换被解释变量的度量方式、改变样本范围、安慰剂检验等多种稳健性检验结论保持不变。机制分析表明,两种路径的效果差异与对基础设施投资的激励效应有关。异质性分析发现,重点生态功能区制度对地方政府举债规模的影响在工业发达的县和县级市更为明显;而生态补偿制度对地方政府举债规模的影响在普通县更为明显,与工业发展水平没有显著关系。文章的研究对建立防范化解地方债务风险长效机制,推进人与自然和谐共生的现代化等具有较强的政策启示。

热示踪在潜流带中的研究进展

潜流带是地表水—地下水生态系统中的重要部分,它对供水滞洪、水污染控制、河流生态保护均具有巨大作用。在潜流带的研究中,热示踪技术可以很好地应用于渗流速度、有效热扩散系数等参数估计,揭示潜流带中的物质与能量交换的过程。热示踪有着装置布置简单、环境效益友好、时间跨度优越等优点。传热机制作为热示踪基础理论中的重要部分,在以往国内的研究中缺乏深入的阐述。本文以传热机制为切入点,介绍不同河道中热传递方式的差异,简述传热方程及历来研究中解析解、数值解发展,最后探讨该技术面临的挑战及未来可能的发展方向。

辽东湾北部潜山走滑转换带特征及其对规模性储层的控制

潜山走滑转换带在渤海海域发育较为广泛,但其发育特征及控储作用研究薄弱。利用钻井、测井、三维地震等各类资料,对辽东湾北部地区构造转换带发育特征、成因机制及其对潜山规模型储层控制作用进行分析。研究认为,燕山末期左旋走滑背景下,辽东湾北部潜山发育多种类型转换带;根据走滑断层的相互作用以及转换带的形态,可以将辽东湾北部潜山转换带分为单支弯曲型和双支叠覆型两种类型;根据局部应力状态可以进一步细分为单支反“S”型、单支“S”型、双支左旋右阶以及双支左旋左阶转换带4个亚类,其中单支反“S”型和双支左旋右阶型转换带属增压型转换带,单支“S”型和双支左旋左阶型转换带属释压型走滑转换带。增压型走滑转换带提供的压扭性动力破碎作用使得潜山发育大规模裂缝型储集层,是潜山规模型储层发育的关键。

计算辐射换热的Monte-Carlo-Zone方法

本文提出了Ｍｏｎｔｅ－Ｃａｒｌｏ方法和Ｚｏｎｅ方法相结合的一种新的用于辐射传热的计算方法，简称为Ｍｏｎｔｅ－Ｃａｒｌｏ－Ｚｏｎｅ方法。并用此方法对充满均匀和非均匀吸收辐射灰介质的无限大平板间的辐射换热进行了计算，得出平板间的无量纲辐射热流及无量纲“跳跃”温度，并与有关文献的分析计算结果进行了比较。

构造转换带源汇系统控储作用——以珠江口盆地惠州凹陷惠州26转换带为例

为明确惠州26转换带源汇系统对沉积砂体储层物性的控制作用,基于钻测井、地震、岩心等资料,刻画源汇系统的要素特征,分析沉积砂体储层物性特征,进而明确惠州26转换带不同时期源汇耦合模式及其控储作用。结果表明,在物源体系上,惠州26转换带在文昌期—恩平期持续受到南部东沙隆起的物源供给;在搬运体系上,沟谷形态发生了由文昌期V型向恩平期U型的转换;在沉积体系上,惠州26转换带经历了深水窄盆小扇—浅水广盆大扇—浅水广盆辫状三角洲的沉积演化过程。认为研究区储层质量受搬运距离和沉积相带等控制,在相同沉积体系内,搬运距离越长,越容易发育优质储层;经转换斜坡入湖并远距离搬运的辫状河三角洲内前缘水下分流河道微相为最优势相带,砂体储层物性最优。