Interleukin-17(IL-17),a prototype member of IL-17 family,plays an important role in defending against extracellular pathogens as a pro-inflammatory cytokine.The function and distribution of IL-17 have been extensively...Interleukin-17(IL-17),a prototype member of IL-17 family,plays an important role in defending against extracellular pathogens as a pro-inflammatory cytokine.The function and distribution of IL-17 have been extensively studied in many vertebrates.However,few study has focused on the role of IL-17 in invertebrates,especially in mollusks.In this study,an IL-17 homolog was identified in Octopus ocellatus,which was designated as OoIL-17.The phylogenetic analysis showed that OoIL-17 is clustered well with other invertebrate IL-17,indicating it is highly similar with the IL-17 of other invertebrates.The expression of OoIL-17 gene was analyzed with qRT-PCR in a variety of healthy tissues and the hemocytes infected with Vibro anguillarum or Micrococcus luteus.The mRNA of OoIL-17 gene is constitutively expressed at different levels in all examined tissues of healthy O.ocellatus,including mantle,stomach,hemocytes,muscle,gonad,hepatopancreas,systemic heart and gill.The lowest expression was observed in mantle while the highest was observed in hepatopancreas.The expression level of OoIL-17 gene is significantly up-regulated in O.ocellatus hemocytes upon infection with V.anguillarum and M.luteus,indicating its active involvement in the host immune response against bacterial pathogens.The results laid the foundation for further understanding the innate immune mechanisms of IL-17 in O.ocellatus and mollusks.展开更多
The effects of exposure to UV-B radiation, 280-315 nm, and dark or dark repair conditions on the early development of Chondrus ocellatus Holm collected from Qingdao coast were studied under the laboratory condition. A...The effects of exposure to UV-B radiation, 280-315 nm, and dark or dark repair conditions on the early development of Chondrus ocellatus Holm collected from Qingdao coast were studied under the laboratory condition. After being exposed to different doses [0, 36, 72, 108, 144 and 180 J/（m2.d）] of UV-B radiation, one treatment of tetraspores were put back to normal culture condition （PAR）, the other treatment were put into dark condition to repair for 2 h. During the cultivation, the diameter of the tetraspores were recorded every 4 d till the 50th day when vertical branches formed in all treatments. Then at the 50th day, CPDs, phycoerythrin, chlorophyll a and MAAs （Palythine and asterina-330） were measured. The results showed that low doses UV-B radiation could significantly accelerate the growth rate of the rate reduced gradually with UV-B radiation keep on tetraspores of C. ocellatus and the growth increasing. The variation trend of both the phycoerythrin and chlorophyll a concentration reduced significantly （P 〈0.05） once given the UV- B radiation. Under UV-B stress, the CPDs were induced, and the concentrations of CPDs were significant low in dark repair groups. The data of MAAs analyzed by LC/MS in the tetraspores of C. ocellatus suggested that there were two MAAs formed （palythine and asterina-330） after UV-B radiation induced, and low dose of UV-B irradiation could significantly induced the concentration of MAAs. From the growth and development state of the tetraspores, negative effects of UV-B radiation on the dark repair groups were more serious than PAR.展开更多
Chondrus is a type of commercially produced red seaweed that widely used for food and carrageen extraction. Although the natural life history of the alga had been well understood, the factors influencing development o...Chondrus is a type of commercially produced red seaweed that widely used for food and carrageen extraction. Although the natural life history of the alga had been well understood, the factors influencing development of the tetraspore and carpospore remain poorly understood. In the perspective of seedling resources, the regulation of early development is crucial for the seedling nursing; therefore, it is necessary to understand the physiological influences during its early development. In this study, we studied the effects of temperature and irradiance on the early development of Chondrus ocellatus Holm under laboratory conditions. The released tetraspores and carpospores were cultivated at different temperatures (10–28°C) and irradiances (10, 60 μmol photons m-2s-1) with a photoperiod of 12L:12D. The results indicate that both tetraspores and carpospores are tolerant to temperatures of 10–25°C, and have the highest relative growth rate at 20°C. Irradiance variances influenced the growth of the discoid crusts, and the influence was more significant with increasing temperature; 60 μmol photons m-2s-1 was more suitable than 10 μmol photons m-2s-1. The optimum temperature and irradiance for the development of seedlings was 20°C and 60 μmol photons m-2s-1, respectively.展开更多
We evaluated the effects of red and blue light on the repair of UV-B radiation-induced damage in tetraspores of Chondrus ocellatus Holm. Tetraspores of C. ocellatus were treated with different UV-B radiation levels(0,...We evaluated the effects of red and blue light on the repair of UV-B radiation-induced damage in tetraspores of Chondrus ocellatus Holm. Tetraspores of C. ocellatus were treated with different UV-B radiation levels(0,36,72,108,144 and 180 J/m2),and thereafter subjected to PAR,darkness,or red or blue light during a 2-h repair stage,each day for 48 days. The diameters and cellular contents of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimmers(CPDs),chlorophyll a(Chl a),phycoerythrin,and UV-B-absorbing mycosporinelike amino acids(MAAs) contents of the tetraspores were determined. Our results show that low doses of UV-B radiation(36 and 72 J/m 2) promoted the growth of C. ocellatus; however,increased UV-B radiation gradually reduced the C. ocellatus growth(greater than 72 J/m2). The MAAs(palythine and asterina-330) in C. ocellatus were detected and analyzed by LC/MS. Our results suggest that moderate red light could induce the growth of this alga in aquaculture. In addition,photorepair was inhibited by red light,so there may be some other DNA repair mechanism activated by red light. Blue light promoted the activity of DNA photolyase,greatly improving remediation efficiency. Red and blue lights were found to reduce the capacity of C. ocellatus to form MAAs. Therefore,PAR,red light,and blue light play different roles during the repair processes for damage induced by UV-B radiation.展开更多
Chondrus is an economically important red algae widely used for food and biochemical pur- pose. It early development is crucial for the culture and seedling propagation. We chose tetraspores and car- pospores of Chond...Chondrus is an economically important red algae widely used for food and biochemical pur- pose. It early development is crucial for the culture and seedling propagation. We chose tetraspores and car- pospores of Chondrus ocellatus as examples for experiment of the culture, induction and release in laboratory condition, aiming to understand early development of C. ocellatus and to apply in seedling production. Ma- ture C. ocellatus were collected in Qingdao, China, from Nov. to Dec. 2004. After the gametophyte and tet- rasporophyte were brushed and washed with sterilized seawater, the algal materials were treated in 1.5% KI for 20 min, then were dried for 1h to stimulate the releasing of spores. After the spores released overnight, it were cultured in PES medium, incubated at 18 ℃, 10±2 μmol/(m2·s1) in 12:12h (light: dark). The observation and recording under microscope were carried out. Continuous observation of the early development showed that both tetraspore and carpospore are similar to each other. In general, three stages of the early development were shown being division, discoid crust and seedling stages. To the division stage, the most obvious feature was the increasing of cell number; during the discoid crust stage, the discoid crust had a three-dimensional axis, and it began to differentiate into two types of cells: the basal cells and the apical cells; and to the seed- ling stage, several protuberances-like appeared on the discoid crusts and formed juvenile seedlings. Carpo- spores and tetraspores exhibited a similar development process that included division stage, discoid crust stage and seedling stage.展开更多
基金supported by the earmarked fund for the Modern Agro-Industry Technology Research System (No. CARS-49)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (No. ZR2019BC052)the Marine and Fisheries Science and Technology Innovation Program of Shan-dong Province (No. 2017YY04)
文摘Interleukin-17(IL-17),a prototype member of IL-17 family,plays an important role in defending against extracellular pathogens as a pro-inflammatory cytokine.The function and distribution of IL-17 have been extensively studied in many vertebrates.However,few study has focused on the role of IL-17 in invertebrates,especially in mollusks.In this study,an IL-17 homolog was identified in Octopus ocellatus,which was designated as OoIL-17.The phylogenetic analysis showed that OoIL-17 is clustered well with other invertebrate IL-17,indicating it is highly similar with the IL-17 of other invertebrates.The expression of OoIL-17 gene was analyzed with qRT-PCR in a variety of healthy tissues and the hemocytes infected with Vibro anguillarum or Micrococcus luteus.The mRNA of OoIL-17 gene is constitutively expressed at different levels in all examined tissues of healthy O.ocellatus,including mantle,stomach,hemocytes,muscle,gonad,hepatopancreas,systemic heart and gill.The lowest expression was observed in mantle while the highest was observed in hepatopancreas.The expression level of OoIL-17 gene is significantly up-regulated in O.ocellatus hemocytes upon infection with V.anguillarum and M.luteus,indicating its active involvement in the host immune response against bacterial pathogens.The results laid the foundation for further understanding the innate immune mechanisms of IL-17 in O.ocellatus and mollusks.
文摘The effects of exposure to UV-B radiation, 280-315 nm, and dark or dark repair conditions on the early development of Chondrus ocellatus Holm collected from Qingdao coast were studied under the laboratory condition. After being exposed to different doses [0, 36, 72, 108, 144 and 180 J/（m2.d）] of UV-B radiation, one treatment of tetraspores were put back to normal culture condition （PAR）, the other treatment were put into dark condition to repair for 2 h. During the cultivation, the diameter of the tetraspores were recorded every 4 d till the 50th day when vertical branches formed in all treatments. Then at the 50th day, CPDs, phycoerythrin, chlorophyll a and MAAs （Palythine and asterina-330） were measured. The results showed that low doses UV-B radiation could significantly accelerate the growth rate of the rate reduced gradually with UV-B radiation keep on tetraspores of C. ocellatus and the growth increasing. The variation trend of both the phycoerythrin and chlorophyll a concentration reduced significantly （P 〈0.05） once given the UV- B radiation. Under UV-B stress, the CPDs were induced, and the concentrations of CPDs were significant low in dark repair groups. The data of MAAs analyzed by LC/MS in the tetraspores of C. ocellatus suggested that there were two MAAs formed （palythine and asterina-330） after UV-B radiation induced, and low dose of UV-B irradiation could significantly induced the concentration of MAAs. From the growth and development state of the tetraspores, negative effects of UV-B radiation on the dark repair groups were more serious than PAR.
基金Supported by the Shandong Agriculture Seedstocks Project and the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KSCX2-YW-N-47-02)the National High Techmology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (No.2006AA09Z421)and Experimental Marine Biology Lab, IOCAS
文摘Chondrus is a type of commercially produced red seaweed that widely used for food and carrageen extraction. Although the natural life history of the alga had been well understood, the factors influencing development of the tetraspore and carpospore remain poorly understood. In the perspective of seedling resources, the regulation of early development is crucial for the seedling nursing; therefore, it is necessary to understand the physiological influences during its early development. In this study, we studied the effects of temperature and irradiance on the early development of Chondrus ocellatus Holm under laboratory conditions. The released tetraspores and carpospores were cultivated at different temperatures (10–28°C) and irradiances (10, 60 μmol photons m-2s-1) with a photoperiod of 12L:12D. The results indicate that both tetraspores and carpospores are tolerant to temperatures of 10–25°C, and have the highest relative growth rate at 20°C. Irradiance variances influenced the growth of the discoid crusts, and the influence was more significant with increasing temperature; 60 μmol photons m-2s-1 was more suitable than 10 μmol photons m-2s-1. The optimum temperature and irradiance for the development of seedlings was 20°C and 60 μmol photons m-2s-1, respectively.
基金Supported by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(No.NCET-05-0597)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30270258)
文摘We evaluated the effects of red and blue light on the repair of UV-B radiation-induced damage in tetraspores of Chondrus ocellatus Holm. Tetraspores of C. ocellatus were treated with different UV-B radiation levels(0,36,72,108,144 and 180 J/m2),and thereafter subjected to PAR,darkness,or red or blue light during a 2-h repair stage,each day for 48 days. The diameters and cellular contents of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimmers(CPDs),chlorophyll a(Chl a),phycoerythrin,and UV-B-absorbing mycosporinelike amino acids(MAAs) contents of the tetraspores were determined. Our results show that low doses of UV-B radiation(36 and 72 J/m 2) promoted the growth of C. ocellatus; however,increased UV-B radiation gradually reduced the C. ocellatus growth(greater than 72 J/m2). The MAAs(palythine and asterina-330) in C. ocellatus were detected and analyzed by LC/MS. Our results suggest that moderate red light could induce the growth of this alga in aquaculture. In addition,photorepair was inhibited by red light,so there may be some other DNA repair mechanism activated by red light. Blue light promoted the activity of DNA photolyase,greatly improving remediation efficiency. Red and blue lights were found to reduce the capacity of C. ocellatus to form MAAs. Therefore,PAR,red light,and blue light play different roles during the repair processes for damage induced by UV-B radiation.
基金*Supported by NSFC (No. 40376049) and Shandong Agricultural Seed Stock Breeding Project.
文摘Chondrus is an economically important red algae widely used for food and biochemical pur- pose. It early development is crucial for the culture and seedling propagation. We chose tetraspores and car- pospores of Chondrus ocellatus as examples for experiment of the culture, induction and release in laboratory condition, aiming to understand early development of C. ocellatus and to apply in seedling production. Ma- ture C. ocellatus were collected in Qingdao, China, from Nov. to Dec. 2004. After the gametophyte and tet- rasporophyte were brushed and washed with sterilized seawater, the algal materials were treated in 1.5% KI for 20 min, then were dried for 1h to stimulate the releasing of spores. After the spores released overnight, it were cultured in PES medium, incubated at 18 ℃, 10±2 μmol/(m2·s1) in 12:12h (light: dark). The observation and recording under microscope were carried out. Continuous observation of the early development showed that both tetraspore and carpospore are similar to each other. In general, three stages of the early development were shown being division, discoid crust and seedling stages. To the division stage, the most obvious feature was the increasing of cell number; during the discoid crust stage, the discoid crust had a three-dimensional axis, and it began to differentiate into two types of cells: the basal cells and the apical cells; and to the seed- ling stage, several protuberances-like appeared on the discoid crusts and formed juvenile seedlings. Carpo- spores and tetraspores exhibited a similar development process that included division stage, discoid crust stage and seedling stage.
