It is known that large amounts of Cenozoic high potassium volcanic rocks occur on the Tibetan plateau. The question is where do those high potassium magmas come from? Since the plateau is being compressed by subductio...It is known that large amounts of Cenozoic high potassium volcanic rocks occur on the Tibetan plateau. The question is where do those high potassium magmas come from? Since the plateau is being compressed by subduction and collision from the surrounding continents,it is a puzzle for us what is the formational environment and tectonic setting of these volcanic rocks? In particular,what is the relationship between these special rocks and formation and uplift of the plateau? We recently carried out an investigation on these Cenozoic volcanic rocks in Hoh Xil,northern Tibetan plateau,including volcanic rocks in the Jingyuhu,Xiongyingtai and Shuangquanzi areas. In the region,some older lava flows occur as thick sheets with a flat surface and weathering crust; while some relatively younger lavas remain a relict volcanic cone or vent. Most of the relict cones are small (<100m in diameter) and some are over hundred meters,distributed along faults,particular strike\|slip fault,e.g.,East Kunlun strike slip fault. Relatively,intermediate\|acid volcanic rocks are prominent,and basic\|intermediate and acid are subordinate. Petrological and geochemical results show that these volcanic rocks have many common affinities,characterized by high contents of w (K 2O)+ w (Na 2O) (about 8%),and w (K\-2O)/ w (Na\-2O)>1 or close to 1,and mostly belonged to shoshonite\|trachyte association and some to ultra\|potassic rocks. The K\|Ar dating of whole rock and mica shows that the volcanism lasts from middle Miocene (15 47Ma) to Pleistocene (0 69Ma); they are 0 69Ma,13 77Ma and 15 47Ma in Jingyuhu; 11 05Ma,12 22Ma and 12 83Ma in Xiongyingai,; 1 58Ma,2 24Ma,5 23Ma,5 85Ma,8 20Ma,8 41Ma and 10 67Ma in Shuangquanzi.Two types of xenolith and xenocryst were found in Jingyuhu and Xiongyingtai,i.e..,crustal xenolith and mantle xenocryst.展开更多
The accurate prediction of strength and deformability characteristics of rock mass is a challenging issue.In practice,properties of a rock mass are often estimated from available empirical relationships based on the u...The accurate prediction of strength and deformability characteristics of rock mass is a challenging issue.In practice,properties of a rock mass are often estimated from available empirical relationships based on the uniaxial compressive strength(UCS).However,UCS does not always give a good indication of in situ rock mass strength and deformability.The aim of this paper is to present a methodology to predict the strength and deformability of a jointed rock mass using UDEC(universal distinct element code).In the study,the rock mass is modelled as an assemblage of deformable blocks that can yield as an intact material and/or slide along predefined joints within the rock mass.A range of numerical simulations of uniaxial and triaxial tests was conducted on rock mass samples in order to predict the equivalent mechanical properties for the rock mass under different loading directions.Finally,results are compared with the deformability parameters obtained by analytical methods.展开更多
对取自一拟建核电站地基的细砂岩,在MTS815 Flex Test GT岩石力学试验系统上进行低周循环荷载试验,研究循环荷载下细砂岩的纵横向变形特征,探讨循环荷载周次及动应力幅值对细砂岩动弹性模量、动泊松比、阻尼比和阻尼系数的影响,及与其...对取自一拟建核电站地基的细砂岩,在MTS815 Flex Test GT岩石力学试验系统上进行低周循环荷载试验,研究循环荷载下细砂岩的纵横向变形特征,探讨循环荷载周次及动应力幅值对细砂岩动弹性模量、动泊松比、阻尼比和阻尼系数的影响,及与其相互关系。结果表明,相同应力下纵向应变高于横向应变;低幅值应力下,随循环荷载周次增加,纵向应变增量高于横向应变增量,但高幅值应力下则相反;横向应变滞回环的卸载阶段应力–应变曲线与纵向应变滞回环的加载段和卸载段均表现出向下突出的变化特征,但横向应变滞回环的加载段则相反;随动应力幅值增加,细砂岩动弹性模量和动泊松比分别呈抛物线递增和线性递增,阻尼比和阻尼系数均按幂函数律递减,由第16周次动应力滞回环得到的阻尼参数可表征测试岩石的阻尼特征;阻尼比和阻尼系数均随循环荷载周次增加线性递增,对应低幅值动应力下的增量大于高幅值动应力下的增量。展开更多
文摘It is known that large amounts of Cenozoic high potassium volcanic rocks occur on the Tibetan plateau. The question is where do those high potassium magmas come from? Since the plateau is being compressed by subduction and collision from the surrounding continents,it is a puzzle for us what is the formational environment and tectonic setting of these volcanic rocks? In particular,what is the relationship between these special rocks and formation and uplift of the plateau? We recently carried out an investigation on these Cenozoic volcanic rocks in Hoh Xil,northern Tibetan plateau,including volcanic rocks in the Jingyuhu,Xiongyingtai and Shuangquanzi areas. In the region,some older lava flows occur as thick sheets with a flat surface and weathering crust; while some relatively younger lavas remain a relict volcanic cone or vent. Most of the relict cones are small (<100m in diameter) and some are over hundred meters,distributed along faults,particular strike\|slip fault,e.g.,East Kunlun strike slip fault. Relatively,intermediate\|acid volcanic rocks are prominent,and basic\|intermediate and acid are subordinate. Petrological and geochemical results show that these volcanic rocks have many common affinities,characterized by high contents of w (K 2O)+ w (Na 2O) (about 8%),and w (K\-2O)/ w (Na\-2O)>1 or close to 1,and mostly belonged to shoshonite\|trachyte association and some to ultra\|potassic rocks. The K\|Ar dating of whole rock and mica shows that the volcanism lasts from middle Miocene (15 47Ma) to Pleistocene (0 69Ma); they are 0 69Ma,13 77Ma and 15 47Ma in Jingyuhu; 11 05Ma,12 22Ma and 12 83Ma in Xiongyingai,; 1 58Ma,2 24Ma,5 23Ma,5 85Ma,8 20Ma,8 41Ma and 10 67Ma in Shuangquanzi.Two types of xenolith and xenocryst were found in Jingyuhu and Xiongyingtai,i.e..,crustal xenolith and mantle xenocryst.
文摘The accurate prediction of strength and deformability characteristics of rock mass is a challenging issue.In practice,properties of a rock mass are often estimated from available empirical relationships based on the uniaxial compressive strength(UCS).However,UCS does not always give a good indication of in situ rock mass strength and deformability.The aim of this paper is to present a methodology to predict the strength and deformability of a jointed rock mass using UDEC(universal distinct element code).In the study,the rock mass is modelled as an assemblage of deformable blocks that can yield as an intact material and/or slide along predefined joints within the rock mass.A range of numerical simulations of uniaxial and triaxial tests was conducted on rock mass samples in order to predict the equivalent mechanical properties for the rock mass under different loading directions.Finally,results are compared with the deformability parameters obtained by analytical methods.
文摘对取自一拟建核电站地基的细砂岩,在MTS815 Flex Test GT岩石力学试验系统上进行低周循环荷载试验,研究循环荷载下细砂岩的纵横向变形特征,探讨循环荷载周次及动应力幅值对细砂岩动弹性模量、动泊松比、阻尼比和阻尼系数的影响,及与其相互关系。结果表明,相同应力下纵向应变高于横向应变;低幅值应力下,随循环荷载周次增加,纵向应变增量高于横向应变增量,但高幅值应力下则相反;横向应变滞回环的卸载阶段应力–应变曲线与纵向应变滞回环的加载段和卸载段均表现出向下突出的变化特征,但横向应变滞回环的加载段则相反;随动应力幅值增加,细砂岩动弹性模量和动泊松比分别呈抛物线递增和线性递增,阻尼比和阻尼系数均按幂函数律递减,由第16周次动应力滞回环得到的阻尼参数可表征测试岩石的阻尼特征;阻尼比和阻尼系数均随循环荷载周次增加线性递增,对应低幅值动应力下的增量大于高幅值动应力下的增量。
