Novel succinoylated carboxymethyl guar gum nanocarriers of glimepiride for controlling type-2 diabetes

In this study,guar gum(GG)was chemically modified to its carboxymethyl derivative,which was then esterified with octenyl succinic anhydride(OSA)using a nucleophilic catalyst 4-dimethylaminopyridine(DMAP)to render the derivative amphiphilic characteristics.The carboxymethyl guar gum(CMGG)and succinoylated CMGG was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)spectroscopy.The amphiphilic CMGG synthesized using DMAP/OSA ratio of 0.5:1(CMGGOSA-I),was found to be non-toxic.The amphiphilic guar gum self-assembled in water to form nanocarriers with mean diameter of 430 nm and zeta potential of19.0 mV.Transmittance electron microscope(TEM)image showed spherical nature of the developed CMGGOSA-I nanocarriers.In presence of amphiphilic CMGG,the aqueous solubility of glimepiride was enhanced by about 67-fold.The nanocarriers released glimepiride in simulated gastrointestinal fluids for a period of more than 24 h,following Higuchi's kinetics.Korsmeyer-Peppas modeling of the drug release data revealed that a combination of swelling and diffusion mechanism was operative in the event of drug release.In streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model,the nanocarriers outperformed pure drug suspensions in terms of anti-diabetic activity,which lasted up to 24 h.Overall;the newly synthesized amphiphilic CMGG nanocarriers demonstrated controlled drug release properties and showed promise for controlling type-2 diabetes.