Annona squamosa Linn.fruit is famous for its nutritional value with a long history of medicinal benefits due to the presence of many phytochemicals,including alkaloids,diterpenes,essential oil,phytopeptides,etc.Severa...Annona squamosa Linn.fruit is famous for its nutritional value with a long history of medicinal benefits due to the presence of many phytochemicals,including alkaloids,diterpenes,essential oil,phytopeptides,etc.Several studies envisaged that Annona squamosa possesses cytotoxic,diuretic,antiurolithiatic,antitumor,anti-psoriatic,antioxidant,and hepatoprotective properties.This plant is traditionally used for the treatment of wound infection,dysentery,seizure,tumors,fever,vomiting,parasitic infections,hypertension,thyroid,toothache,acne,heart disease,inflammation,diabetes,hair loss,dandruff,hemorrhage,maggot-infected sores,abortifacient,and cough.However,some chemical constituents isolated from the plant have shown specific toxic effects in human and animal models,such as acute oral toxic effects,genotoxic,neurotoxic,and ocular toxic.The plant has diverse pharmacological actions,the seeds of this plant possess a genotoxic effect but on the contrary,the bark of the plant shows genoprotective activity.A large number of ethnobotanical studies reported the seed of this plant is used to induce abortion in humans,but a scientific study carried out in pregnant rats reported aqueous seed extract of the plant did not interfere with reproductive performance.The presented review summarized the traditional uses,pharmacological,and toxicological activities of the isolated compounds from this plant.Additionally,some patents and commercial products related to Annona squamosa are also brought up in this article to explore its application which would attract the scientific community to search out its hidden side.展开更多
Dear sir,Non-systemic,ocular toxicity caused by medications used in highly active antiretroviral therapy（HAART）for human immunodeficiency virus（HIV）infection is an uncommon adverse event[1].Roe et al[2]reported Ri...Dear sir,Non-systemic,ocular toxicity caused by medications used in highly active antiretroviral therapy（HAART）for human immunodeficiency virus（HIV）infection is an uncommon adverse event[1].Roe et al[2]reported Ritonavir展开更多
Background： Long-term use of benzalkonium chloride （BAC）-preserved drugs is often associated with ocular surface toxicity. Ocular surface symptoms had a substantial impact on the glaucoma patients＇ quality of life...Background： Long-term use of benzalkonium chloride （BAC）-preserved drugs is often associated with ocular surface toxicity. Ocular surface symptoms had a substantial impact on the glaucoma patients＇ quality of life and compliance. This study aimed to investigate the effects of sodium hyaluronate （SH） on ocular surface toxicity induced by BAC-preserved anti-glaucoma medications treatment. Methods： Filly-eight patients （101 eyes）, who received topical BAC-preserved anti-glaucoma medications treatment and met the severe dry eye criteria, were included in the analysis. All patients were maintained the original topical anti-glaucoma treatment. In the SH-treated group （56 eyes）, unpreserved 0.3% SH eye drops were administered with 3 times daily for 90 days. In the control group （55 eyes）, phosphate-butTered saline were administered with 3 times daily for 90 days. Ocular Surface Disease Index （OSDI） questionnaire, break-up time （BUT） test, corneal fluorescein staining, corneal and conjunctival rose Bengal staining, Schirmer test, and conjunctiva impression cytology were pertbrmed sequentially on days 0 and 91. Results： Compared with the control group, SH-treated group showed decrease in OSDI scores （Kruskal-Wallis test： H = 38.668, P 〈 0.001 ）, fluorescein and rose Bengal scores （Wilcoxon signed-ranks test： z = -3.843, P 〈 0.001, and z = 3.508, P 〈 0.001, respectively）, increase in tear fihn BUT （t-test： t - -10.994, P 〈 0.001 ） and aqueous tear production （t-test： t = -10.328, P 〈 0.001 ） on day 91. The goblet cell density was increased （t-test： t = -9.981, P 〈 0.001）, and the morphology of the conjunctival epithelium were also improved after SH treatment. Conclusions： SH significantly improved both symptoms and signs of ocular surface damage in patients with BAC-preserved anti-glaucoma medications treatment. SH could be proposed as a new attempt to reduce ocular surface toxicity, and alleviate symptoms of ocular surface damage in BAC-preserved anti-glaucoma medications treatment.展开更多
文摘Annona squamosa Linn.fruit is famous for its nutritional value with a long history of medicinal benefits due to the presence of many phytochemicals,including alkaloids,diterpenes,essential oil,phytopeptides,etc.Several studies envisaged that Annona squamosa possesses cytotoxic,diuretic,antiurolithiatic,antitumor,anti-psoriatic,antioxidant,and hepatoprotective properties.This plant is traditionally used for the treatment of wound infection,dysentery,seizure,tumors,fever,vomiting,parasitic infections,hypertension,thyroid,toothache,acne,heart disease,inflammation,diabetes,hair loss,dandruff,hemorrhage,maggot-infected sores,abortifacient,and cough.However,some chemical constituents isolated from the plant have shown specific toxic effects in human and animal models,such as acute oral toxic effects,genotoxic,neurotoxic,and ocular toxic.The plant has diverse pharmacological actions,the seeds of this plant possess a genotoxic effect but on the contrary,the bark of the plant shows genoprotective activity.A large number of ethnobotanical studies reported the seed of this plant is used to induce abortion in humans,but a scientific study carried out in pregnant rats reported aqueous seed extract of the plant did not interfere with reproductive performance.The presented review summarized the traditional uses,pharmacological,and toxicological activities of the isolated compounds from this plant.Additionally,some patents and commercial products related to Annona squamosa are also brought up in this article to explore its application which would attract the scientific community to search out its hidden side.
文摘Dear sir,Non-systemic,ocular toxicity caused by medications used in highly active antiretroviral therapy（HAART）for human immunodeficiency virus（HIV）infection is an uncommon adverse event[1].Roe et al[2]reported Ritonavir
文摘Background： Long-term use of benzalkonium chloride （BAC）-preserved drugs is often associated with ocular surface toxicity. Ocular surface symptoms had a substantial impact on the glaucoma patients＇ quality of life and compliance. This study aimed to investigate the effects of sodium hyaluronate （SH） on ocular surface toxicity induced by BAC-preserved anti-glaucoma medications treatment. Methods： Filly-eight patients （101 eyes）, who received topical BAC-preserved anti-glaucoma medications treatment and met the severe dry eye criteria, were included in the analysis. All patients were maintained the original topical anti-glaucoma treatment. In the SH-treated group （56 eyes）, unpreserved 0.3% SH eye drops were administered with 3 times daily for 90 days. In the control group （55 eyes）, phosphate-butTered saline were administered with 3 times daily for 90 days. Ocular Surface Disease Index （OSDI） questionnaire, break-up time （BUT） test, corneal fluorescein staining, corneal and conjunctival rose Bengal staining, Schirmer test, and conjunctiva impression cytology were pertbrmed sequentially on days 0 and 91. Results： Compared with the control group, SH-treated group showed decrease in OSDI scores （Kruskal-Wallis test： H = 38.668, P 〈 0.001 ）, fluorescein and rose Bengal scores （Wilcoxon signed-ranks test： z = -3.843, P 〈 0.001, and z = 3.508, P 〈 0.001, respectively）, increase in tear fihn BUT （t-test： t - -10.994, P 〈 0.001 ） and aqueous tear production （t-test： t = -10.328, P 〈 0.001 ） on day 91. The goblet cell density was increased （t-test： t = -9.981, P 〈 0.001）, and the morphology of the conjunctival epithelium were also improved after SH treatment. Conclusions： SH significantly improved both symptoms and signs of ocular surface damage in patients with BAC-preserved anti-glaucoma medications treatment. SH could be proposed as a new attempt to reduce ocular surface toxicity, and alleviate symptoms of ocular surface damage in BAC-preserved anti-glaucoma medications treatment.
