Clinicopathological analysis of 719 pediatric and adolescents’ ocular tumors and tumor-like lesions:a retrospective study from 2000 to 2018 in China

AIM:To describe the clinicopathologic features and classification of pediatric and adolescent ocular tumors and tumor-like lesionsMETHODS:A total of 719 cases of pathologically confirmed ocular tumors and tumor-like lesions in a pediatric population from two academic institutions over an 18-year period were retrospectively analyzed.The main outcome measures were the clinical and pathological features of the cases.RESULTS:Benign tumors accounted for 92.1%of all cases while malignant tumors accounted for 7.9%.The most common ocular benign tumors were(epi-)dermoid cysts(19.8%),nevi(15.2%),corneal dermoid tumors(9.8%),and calcified epitheliomas(8.8%).The most common ocular malignant tumors were retinoblastoma(80.8%),and rhabdomyosarcoma(3.9%).Eyelid and ocular surface tumors comprised 73.3%of benign tumors while intraocular and orbital cavity comprised 94.2%of malignant tumors.For tumor site,the upper eyelid was up to 1.79 times more than lower eyelid(P<0.05).Age at surgery and sex also had an association with different lesions(P=0.006,P=0.035,respectively).CONCLUSION:Most ocular tumors and tumor-like lesions in children and adolescents are benign.Pediatric ocular tumors are distinct from those in adults in terms of histological origin.(Epi-)dermoid cysts are the most common benign tumors while retinoblastomas the most common malignant tumors.

TNF related apoptosis-inducing ligand and its receptors in ocular tumors

Most of the ocular tumors have poor prognosis, and they remain a difficult problem in the area of ophthalmology. With the rapid development of molecular biology and immunologic techniques and the deep research on ocular tumor related genes, it becomes possible to diagnose and treat malignant tumors from the molecular level. The tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) super family, is a promising candidate, either alone or in combination with established cancer therapies, since it can initiate apoptosis through the activation of their death receptors. The ability of TRAIL to selectively induce apoptosis of transformed, virus-infected or tumor cells but not normal cells promotes the development of TRAIL-based cancer therapy. Here, we will review TRAIL and its receptors' structure, function, mechanism of action and application in ocular tumors therapy.

Guiding function of positron emission tomographycomputed tomography examination in the diagnosis and treatment of ocular adnexal mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma

AIM:To explore the role of positron emission tomographycomputed tomography(PET-CT)examination in the diagnosis and treatment of ocular adnexal mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma(OAML).METHODS:The general clinical data,postoperative PET-CT results,treatment regimens,and the prognosis of 21 histopathologically confirmed OAML patients between October 2017 and September 2021 were collected.Among the 21 patients,five patients underwent surgical treatment alone,13 patients underwent surgical treatment combined with radiotherapy,and three patients underwent surgical treatment combined with chemotherapy.RESULTS:The follow-up period ranged from 8 to 79mo,with four cases of recurrence and no deaths.Through PETCT examination,two patients exhibited both local ocular metabolic elevation and systemic metastasis,and one of these patients had cervical lymph node metastasis,while the other had submandibular and parotid gland metastasis.Nine patients showed only local ocular metabolic elevation,while 10 patients had no abnormal metabolic activity locally.CONCLUSION:PET-CT examination plays a crucial role in detecting residual lesions and recurrence following tumor resection,aiding in precise disease staging,and facilitating the development of personalized treatment plans,ultimately improving patient prognosis.

人工智能深度学习在眼眶病及眼肿瘤疾病诊疗中的应用研究现状

近年来,深度学习作为人工智能机器学习的关键分支,在医学领域的应用取得了显著进展。它通过分析医学图像,实现了多种疾病的准确检测、诊断和预后评估。在眼科领域,深度学习技术已经广泛应用于甲状腺相关眼病、眼眶爆裂性骨折、黑色素瘤、基底细胞癌、眼眶脓肿、淋巴瘤、视网膜母细胞瘤等疾病的诊断和预测。这项技术利用计算机断层扫描、磁共振成像甚至病理切片等获得的图像,能够高度准确地进行眼眶病及眼肿瘤疾病的诊断、鉴别和分期分类,其准确度已足以与专业医师媲美。这一技术的应用前景巨大,有望提升相关疾病的诊疗水平,同时减少临床实践所需的时间和成本。本综述汇总了近年来关于人工智能深度学习在眼眶病及眼肿瘤疾病领域应用的最新研究进展,旨在为临床医师提供有关这一领域的最新信息和发展趋势,并进一步促进该技术的临床应用及普及推广。

Whole Body Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography （PET/CT） in the Evaluation of Ophthalmic Tumors

The clinical value of whole body positron emission tomography/computed tomography （PET/CT） as an imaging tool in diagnosis of ophthalmic tumors was investigated. The retrospective observational case series were performed on the patients with suspected ophthalmic tumors who underwent whole body PET/CT. The golden standard of diagnosis was the final pathological diagnosis or the results of long-term follow-up for patients without surgery/ biopsy. PET/CT findings were compared with the golden standard. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy an^t positive likelihood ratio of PET/CT in the detection of ophthalmic tumors were calculated. The clinical application of PET/CT in different types of ophthalmic tumors was evaluated. The results showed that 30 patients （18 males and 12 females） with a mean age of 43.0 years （range 4-63 years） were collected. The mean sizes of orbital tumors and intraocular tumors were 26.8 mmxl7.8 mm and 11.2 minx6.1 mm, respectively. The overall sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and positive likelihood ratio of whole body PET/CT in ophthalmic tumors were 76.5%, 71.4%, 75.0% and 2.67, and were 62.5%, 100% and 70.0% in intraocular tumors, and those were 100%, 60.0% and 84.6% in orbital tumors, respectively. PET/CT findings were applied to help make appropriate treatment options in 27 out of 30 patients （90.0%）, and 12 （40.0%） patients changed the treatment strategy. False negative results in 4 cases and false positive results in 2 cases were observed in this series. It was suggested that PET/CT was an effective imaging modality in detecting, diagnosing and developing therapeutic schedule for patients with ophthalmic tumors. It was more sensitive and accurate for detecting orbital tumors than for detecting intraocular tumors.

眼部肿瘤术中冰冻切片病理诊断分析

目的通过分析送检冰冻切片检查的眼部肿瘤特点,探究冰冻切片检查在眼部肿瘤诊疗中的应用价值,为临床诊断和治疗眼睑肿瘤提供参考依据。方法选取2015年10月至2023年4月在山东省眼科医院行眼部肿瘤切除治疗且行术中冰冻切片检查和石蜡切片病理检查的41例患者作为研究对象,分析患者的病理诊断结果和所有临床资料。结果41例患者中男18例,女23例;年龄32~85岁,平均(63.15±13.27)岁。恶性肿瘤患者年龄大于良性肿瘤患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。经术中冰冻切片病理诊断确诊34例,准确度为82.9%,其中完全符合19例(46.3%),基本符合15例(36.6%);延迟诊断7例,延迟诊断率为17.1%。本研究中诊断为眼部恶性肿瘤的有26例(63.4%),其中经冰冻切片确诊的有24例,恶性肿瘤中最常见的是基底细胞癌14例(53.8%),其次是皮脂腺癌8例(30.8%);诊断为眼部良性肿瘤的有15例(36.6%),其中经冰冻切片确诊的有10例,良性肿瘤中最常见的是炎性病变5例(33.3%),色素痣3例(20.0%)和真皮纤维组织瘤样增生2例(13.3%)。术中冰冻切片病理诊断平均完成时间为(29.54±8.39)min。结论术中冰冻切片病理诊断准确率相对较高且耗时短,可帮助临床医生术中迅速判断肿瘤性质,确定手术切缘是否残留肿瘤细胞,对手术切缘进行控制,值得在眼部肿瘤术中辅助诊断中推广应用。

Epidemio-Clinical-Histopathological Aspects and Therapeutics of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Conjunctival at the University Hospital Center of Bouake

Introduction: Squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva is one of the most common malignancies in the elderly. Purpose: To describe the specific aspects of squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva and to determine the therapeutic modalities. Materials and Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional retrospective study carried out at the University Hospital Center of Bouake over a period of 9 years (From January 2015 to December 2023). We identified all malignant oculo-adnexal and orbital tumors whose histopathological diagnosis was confirmed;monitoring the sorting of squamous cell carcinomas of the conjunctiva among these cancers and studying the different parameters linked to them. Results: The average age of patients is 44.3 years. Male predominance with a sex ratio of 1.12. HIV was the majority ATCD with 64.7%. The main reason for consultation was exophthalmos (36.11%). The average consultation time was 10 months 13 days. Invasive differentiated conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma was predominant at 55.56%. Enucleation was the most performed surgical method. Conclusion: Squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva is a malignant ocular tumor of the elderly whose frequency increases in young adults infected with HIV-AIDS. Invasive differentiated forms are increasingly encountered, limiting treatment to mutilating surgery.

An Overview of the Control System for Dose Delivery at the UCSF Dedicated Ocular Proton Beam

Since 1978, the University of California San Francisco (UCSF) Ocular Tumor Program has been using particle therapy for treating ocular patients with malignant as well as benign eye disease. Helium ion beams were used initially and were produced by two synchrotron-based systems: first by the 184-inch synchro-cyclotron and later by the Bevalac, at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). Since 1994, protons, produced by a cyclotron-based system at the Crocker Nuclear Laboratory (CNL) Eye Treatment Facility (ETF), have been used for this purpose. The CNL cyclotron produces a 67.5 MeV beam, allowing for a uniquely homogeneous beam for eye treatment, without degradation of the beam or manipulation of the beam line. This paper describes, in detail, the control system for beam delivery, as implemented for measuring and delivering the radiation to ocular tumors at CNL. The control system allows for optimal delivery and rapid termination of the irradiation after the desired dose is achieved. In addition, several safeguard systems are discussed, as these are essential for such a system in the event of failure of software, electronics, or other hardware. The QA analysis shows that the total range of the proton beam is 30.7 ± 1.0 mm in water at iso-center. The beam distal penumbra (80% - 20%) is 1.1 mm for a range-modulated beam at a collimator to iso-center distance of 50 mm. Daily QA checks confirm that the range and modulation is within 0.1 mm. The beam flatness and symmetry in a 25 mm diameter beam are ±1% - 2%. Variation in the daily dosimetry system, as compared to standard dosimetry, is within ±3.5%, with a mean variation of 0.72(±1.9)% and 0.85(±2.3)% for segmented transmission ionization chambers IC1 (upstream) and IC2 (downstream), respectively. From May 1994 to the end of 2015, UCSF has treated 1838 proton ocular patients at the Davis ETF. During this period, no treatments were missed due to any cyclotron or control system failures. The overall performance, maintenance, and quality assurance of the cyclotron and the ocular control system have been excellent.

Targeted therapy for malignant ocular melanomas

In a comprehensive literature review,PubMed,Embasem and Web of Science were searched for studies examining targeted therapy of ocular malignant melanomas to present and discuss targeted therapy treatment options of ocular tumors,mainly conjunctival and uveal melanoma(UM).Conjunctival malignant melanomas showed similarities in clinical and genetic aspects with cutaneous melanomas.Many therapies with checkpoint inhibitors already established for cutaneous melanomas may be a treatment option for conjunctival malignant melanomas with shared traits.Existing targeted therapies are for example checkpoint inhibitors like pembrolizumab or nivolumab.As a corollary,due to marked differences in clinics and genetics between UMs and conjunctival melanomas(CMs)or cutaneous melanomas,it has remained elusive whether the available possibilities of molecular targeted therapy will be an option for the therapy of metastasizing UMs.Possible novel ways of treating UM are being explored.Fotemustine or the inoculation of dendritic cells with tumorous RNA or sunitinib in combination with cisplatin and or tamoxifen may be used in future to treat UM.While CM are treatable using targeted therapies,UM have not been researched enough to find working targeted therapy options.Further research has to be done in order to find acceptable treatment options.

眼眶肿瘤及瘤样病变患者699例的临床组织病理学构成分析

目的:分析眼眶肿瘤及瘤样病变的临床组织病理学构成情况。方法:回顾性系列病例研究。连续收集2010-01/2020-12天津市眼科医院眼眶病眼整形科收治的眼眶肿瘤及瘤样病变患者699例707眼的临床组织病理学资料,参考美国癌症联合会第8版眼肿瘤分期标准和WHO2018版眼部肿瘤分类标准,将诊断结果分为良性、交界性及恶性三类。将全部患者按照年龄划分为0~17、18~39、40~59和60岁及以上共4组。对各组组织病理学诊断构成情况进行分析。结果:纳入699例患者707眼中男311例316眼,女388例391眼。就诊年龄为1~84(平均39.9±2.2)岁。右侧眼眶307例,左侧眼眶384例,双侧8例。良性肿瘤及瘤样病变598例604眼(85.6%),交界性肿瘤7例7眼(1.0%),恶性肿瘤94例96眼(13.4%)。在良性肿瘤及瘤样病变中,位于前5位的依次为海绵状血管瘤(110例,15.7%),皮样囊肿(96例,13.7%),多形性腺瘤(54例,7.7%),炎性假瘤(38例,5.4%),神经鞘瘤(29例,4.1%);交界性及恶性肿瘤中,位于前5位的依次为非霍奇金淋巴瘤(42例,41.6%),孤立性纤维性肿瘤(12例,11.9%),腺样囊性癌(11例,10.9%),转移癌(9例,8.9%),横纹肌肉瘤(8例,7.9%)。在常见的眼眶良性肿瘤及瘤样病变中,海绵状血管瘤和多形性腺瘤中女性患者明显多于男性。在常见的眼眶交界性和恶性肿瘤中,非霍奇金淋巴瘤和间叶性软骨肉瘤中男性患者多于女性。0~17岁患者中最常见的良、恶性肿瘤分别是皮样囊肿和横纹肌肉瘤,18~39岁中最常见的良、恶性肿瘤分别为皮样囊肿和孤立性纤维性肿瘤,40~59岁中最常见的良、恶性肿瘤分别为海绵状血管瘤和非霍奇金淋巴瘤,60岁以上最常见的良、恶性肿瘤分别为海绵状血管瘤和非霍奇金淋巴瘤。结论:眼眶肿瘤及瘤样病变中多数为良性。其中良性肿物以海绵状血管瘤和皮样囊肿多见。恶性肿瘤以非霍奇金淋巴瘤多见。

分子影像技术应用于眼科肿瘤的研究进展

分子影像技术是一种采用非入侵性方式在活体状态下对生物体内的细胞或亚细胞进行可视化和量化分析的技术,目前主要应用于疾病的早期诊断、分期、预后和个性化治疗。眼科肿瘤是一类可致死、致盲、致残的重要眼科疾病,本文基于眼部原发性恶性肿瘤的疾病分类、临床表现及治疗现状,对分子影像技术应用于眼科肿瘤诊断的研究进展进行综述。

眼部恶性肿瘤141例临床病理分析

目的分析141例眼部恶性肿瘤的构成、分布情况、发病特点及治疗方法。方法对河南省肿瘤医院2012年6月至2022年6月收治的141例眼部恶性肿瘤患者的发病年龄、发病部位、病理类型、首发症状及治疗方法进行回顾性分析。结果原发性眼部恶性肿瘤的病理类型与患者的年龄有关,儿童以视网膜母细胞瘤最常见(占儿童患者72.0%),成人以恶性黑色素瘤最常见(占成人患者30.0%)。眼部恶性肿瘤的首发症状以眼部肿物/突出/结节/肿胀、视力下降/视野缺损/眼球活动受限、眼部疼痛为主。原发性眼部恶性肿瘤的治疗多以手术治疗(占84.0%)和放射治疗(占52.8%)为主,以化学治疗、免疫治疗、靶向治疗等作为辅助治疗方法,临床上多采用多种方法联合来治疗原发性眼部恶性肿瘤。转移性眼部恶性肿瘤以乳腺癌转移、肺癌转移和鼻咽癌转移为主。结论原发眼部恶性肿瘤在成人中以黑色素瘤最常见,在儿童中以视网膜母细胞瘤最常见。转移性眼部恶性肿瘤以乳腺癌转移、肺癌转移和鼻咽癌转移为主。临床上多采用多种方法联合来治疗原发眼部恶性肿瘤。

基于临床和超声图像特征的Logistic回归模型鉴别诊断眼眶及眼附件淋巴瘤与炎性假瘤的临床价值

目的探讨基于临床和超声图像特征构建的Logistic回归模型在鉴别诊断眼眶及眼附件淋巴瘤与炎性假瘤中的临床价值。方法选取我院经术后病理证实的眼眶及眼附件淋巴瘤患者79例(淋巴瘤组),以及同期经术后病理证实的炎性假瘤患者40例和临床激素治疗有效、出院诊断为炎性假瘤患者28例(炎性假瘤组,共68例),比较两组临床资料、超声图像特征的差异;多因素Logistic回归分析鉴别淋巴瘤与炎性假瘤的独立影响因素,并构建预测模型。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析预测模型鉴别眼眶及眼附件淋巴瘤与炎性假瘤的诊断效能。结果单因素分析显示,淋巴瘤组与炎性假瘤组年龄、性别比,以及肿瘤最大径、累及象限≥2个、形态规则、边界清晰、纵横比>1、肿瘤呈“铸型”、肿瘤呈“倒三角形”、内部回声极低、内部回声不均匀、内含强回声占比比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄≥57.5岁、性别男、肿瘤呈“铸型”、内部回声极低、内含强回声、内部回声不均匀是眼眶及眼附件淋巴瘤的独立影响因素(OR=4.508、4.361、6.605、5.649、3.880、3.038,均P<0.05);建立鉴别眼眶及眼附件淋巴瘤与炎性假瘤的预测模型:Logit(P)=-4.426+1.506×年龄≥57.5岁+1.473×性别男+1.732×内部回声极低+1.888×肿瘤呈“铸型”+1.356×内含强回声+1.111×内部回声不均匀。ROC曲线分析显示,基于临床和超声图像特征构建的预测模型鉴别淋巴瘤与炎性假瘤的曲线下面积为0.913,灵敏度为83.5%,特异度为82.4%,约登指数为0.659。结论基于临床和超声图像特征构建的Logistic回归模型对鉴别诊断眼眶及眼附件淋巴瘤与炎性假瘤具有一定临床价值。

FBXO38通过PI3K-Akt信号通路调控眼部黑色素瘤增殖

目的·研究F-box蛋白38(F-box only protein 38,FBXO38)对眼部黑色素瘤增殖的作用以及潜在的调控通路。方法·使用FBXO38短发夹RNA(short hairpin RNA,shRNA)和FBXO38过表达质粒构建FBXO38敲低以及过表达的人皮肤黑色素瘤A375和葡萄膜黑色素瘤OMM2.3细胞系,并通过实时荧光定量PCR(quantitative real-time PCR,qRT-PCR)和Western blotting在转录和蛋白水平验证FBXO38的敲低和过表达效率。通过克隆形成实验、BrdU免疫荧光染色和CCK8细胞增殖实验,探究FBXO38对黑色素瘤细胞增殖的影响。使用肿瘤基因组图谱计划数据库(The Cancer Genome Atlas,TCGA),分析FBXO38高表达和低表达组中的差异表达基因,并进行京都基因与基因组数据库(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,KEGG)通路富集,揭示与FBXO38相关的信号通路。进一步通过CCK8细胞增殖实验检测信号通路抑制剂对不同FBXO38表达量细胞的抑制率。同时通过qRT-PCR和Western blotting,验证在敲低FBXO38之后该通路是否激活。结果·qRT-PCR和Western blotting验证A375和OMM2.3细胞系中的FBXO38的mRNA及蛋白质表达水平,发现与对照组相比敲低组的FBXO38表达水平下降,与野生型相比过表达组的FBXO38的表达水平提高(P<0.05)。克隆形成实验、BrdU免疫荧光染色和CCK8细胞增殖实验显示,敲低FBXO38显著增强A375和OMM2.3细胞的增殖能力(P<0.05),反之过表达FBXO38抑制A375和OMM2.3细胞增殖(P<0.05)。KEGG通路富集分析显示,在皮肤黑色素瘤和葡萄膜黑色素瘤中,FBXO38的表达影响磷脂酰肌醇3激酶/蛋白激酶B(phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B,PI3K-Akt)通路激活。与对照组相比,PI3K抑制剂LY294002和mTOR1抑制剂Everolimus对FBXO38敲低组的抑制率显著提升(P<0.05),对FBXO38过表达组的抑制率则显著下降(P<0.05)。Western blotting结果显示,敲低FBXO38之后,与PI3K-Akt通路相关的PTEN、P21和P53蛋白水平下降,而MDM2蛋白水平上升。qRT-PCR结果显示在FBXO38敲低细胞中P53转录水平显著下降(P<0.05),而MDM2转录水平显著上升(P<0.05)。结论·FBXO38通过PI3K-Akt信号通路参与调控眼部黑色素瘤细胞的增殖。

老年人眼肿瘤504例临床病理分析

目的:分析老年人眼部原发肿瘤的构成、分布情况及发病特点。方法:对我院病理科2000-01/2012-12收集的504例老年人眼部原发肿瘤的发病年龄、发病部位和病理类型进行回顾性分析。结果:患者504例眼部原发肿瘤中良性肿瘤346例(68.7%),恶性肿瘤158例(31.3%)。其中良性肿瘤中以乳头状瘤最多见占83例(16.5%),其次为各种囊肿和炎性病变分别为69例(13.7%)和64例(12.7%)。恶性肿瘤中以眼睑上皮来源的肿瘤基底细胞癌最多见,共72例(14.3%),其次为皮肤附件来源的恶性肿瘤39例(7.7%)。从发病部位来看眼睑肿物最多282例(56.0%),其次为眼角结膜肿物157例(31.2%)。结论:老年人眼部原发肿瘤的发病率与普通人群及儿童有明显的差异,而且随着年龄增大,恶性肿瘤比例有增高趋势。

眼部转移癌14例临床分析

目的 :了解眼部转移癌的临床特征和病理类型。方法 :对我科自 1980年 1月～ 2 0 0 2年 7月经手术后病理检查诊断的 14例眼部转移癌患者的资料进行回顾性分析。结果 :眼眶转移癌 7例 ,脉络膜转移癌 6例 ,虹膜睫状体转移癌 1例。 7例眼眶转移癌包括肺癌、甲状腺癌各 2例 ,乳腺癌、肝癌和鼻咽癌各 1例。 6例脉络膜转移癌包括 5例肺癌和 1例肝癌。首先发现眼部转移癌 ,后发现原发癌灶者 4例。肺癌是最常见的原发癌灶。结论

眶内肿瘤的MR与超声比较影像学分析

目的探讨眶内肿瘤的MR和彩色多普勒超声表现,并分析其临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析本院从2008年～2011年26例经病理证实为眶内良恶性肿瘤的MR和彩色多普勒超声图像,所有收集的影像图像由两名不知道病理结果且经验丰富的影像学诊断医师进行重新诊断,他们的诊断结果由另一名专家学者进行再次审阅,最终结果参照专家学者诊断结果。结果眶内良性肿瘤在MRI上呈团块状或较规则状,内部信号均匀,多呈膨胀性生长,彩色多普勒显示良性病变多为等回声,内部回声均匀,除血管瘤外,其余肿瘤血供多不丰富,血管瘤在MRI上可见流空血管影且超声图像上多为高回声;眶内恶性肿瘤的MRI信号不均,边界不规整,彩色多普勒显示肿瘤内部回声不均,边界模糊,瘤体内可检测出丰富的血流信号。MRI正确诊断20例,彩色多普勒超声正确诊断14例,二者对眶内肿瘤的诊断准确率差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 MRI及超声学检查早期均可以发现小肿瘤,而对于位置比较深、尤其是超声学检查不能迅速做出诊断的肿瘤,MRI可以更好的显示出肿瘤的位置、边界、浸润程度,从而更好鉴别良恶性,以利于临床诊治。

PET/CT在眼部肿瘤诊断中的应用

正电子发射断层与计算机断层成像（PET/CT）是将PET与CT 2种图像加以融合,PET提供病灶的代谢信息,CT显示病灶的解剖特征.利用PET/CT进行一次扫描可获得全身断层图像,可以高度敏感地反映体内生理及生化过程并对其精确定位.自1998年PET/CT机用于医疗体系以来,作为临床上重要的影像学诊断工具,近年来已被逐渐应用于检测眼部肿瘤,如脉络膜黑色素瘤、脉络膜转移癌、视网膜母细胞瘤、眼部淋巴瘤、泪腺腺样囊性癌等.就PET/CT的原理、标准摄取值（SUV）在临床中的应用价值以及PET/CT在眼部的临床应用进展进行综述.

超声造影在眼球内肿瘤诊断中的价值

目的:探讨超声造影及造影定量分析软件在眼球内肿瘤中的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析眼球内肿瘤90例90眼的超声造影检查,所有病例均经临床手术病理或综合诊断及随访证实。结果:脉络膜血管瘤、脉络膜黑色素瘤与脉络膜转移癌有明显不同的超声造影增强模式,它们在造影分析软件定量分析指标上均有明显的统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论:应用超声造影检查对眼球内肿瘤的诊断和鉴别诊断中具有重要的临床价值。

儿童眼部肿瘤临床病理分析234例

目的分析儿童眼部肿瘤的发病特点。方法对我院眼科1998年1月至2008年5月收治并经病理学证实的234例儿童眼部肿瘤患者的肿瘤发生部位及病理类型进行回顾性分析。结果按肿瘤的发病部位分为:眼睑肿瘤79例(33.8%),结膜肿瘤44例(18.8%),眼球内肿瘤44例(18.8%),眼眶肿瘤40例(17.1%),角膜肿瘤21例(9.0%),视神经肿瘤6例(2.6%);按肿瘤的性质及病理类型分:良性187例(79.9%),恶性47例(20.1%)。良性肿瘤中常见的有色素痣瘤42例(22.4%),炎性增生瘤32例(17.1%),皮样囊肿25例(13.4%),皮样瘤20例(10.7%),血管瘤17例(9.1%),乳头状瘤8例(4.3%),迷芽瘤7例(3.7%),视神经胶质瘤6例(3.2%);恶性肿瘤常见的有视网膜母细胞瘤37例(78.7%),胚胎型横纹肌肉瘤7例(14.9%)。结论儿童眼部肿瘤的特点和成人明显不同,大多数为先天性和胚胎性;其中眼睑肿瘤发生率最高,眼眶肿瘤的病理类型最多达16种;良性肿瘤中色素痣的发病率最高,其次为炎性增生、皮样囊肿和皮样瘤;恶性肿瘤中视网膜母细胞瘤发病率最高,其次为横纹肌肉瘤。