This paper is presenting a new method for making first-order systems of nonlinear autonomous ODEs that exhibit limit cycles with a specific geometric shape in two and three dimensions, or systems of ODEs where surface...This paper is presenting a new method for making first-order systems of nonlinear autonomous ODEs that exhibit limit cycles with a specific geometric shape in two and three dimensions, or systems of ODEs where surfaces in three dimensions have attractor behavior. The method is to make the general solutions first by using the exponential function, sine, and cosine. We are building up the general solutions bit for bit according to constant terms that contain the formula of the desired limit cycle, and differentiating them. In Part One, we used only formulas for closed curves where all parts of the formula were of the same degree. In order to use many other formulas for closed curves, the method in this paper is to introduce an additional variable, and we will get an additional ODE. We will choose the part of the formula with the highest degree and multiply the other parts with an extra variable, so that all parts of the formula have the same degree, creating a constant term containing this new formula. We will place it under the fraction line in the solutions, building up the rest of the solutions according to this constant term and differentiating. Keeping this extra variable constant, we will achieve almost the desired result. Using the methods described in this paper, it is possible to make some systems of nonlinear ODEs that are exhibiting limit cycles with a distinct geometric shape in two or three dimensions and some surfaces having attractor behavior, where not all parts of the formulas are the same degree. The pictures show the result.展开更多
"Beauty is truth, truth beauty"-the famous line in English romantic poet John Keats'Ode on a Grecian Urn-has triggered wide discussion and numerous interpretations. From the point of"negative capabi..."Beauty is truth, truth beauty"-the famous line in English romantic poet John Keats'Ode on a Grecian Urn-has triggered wide discussion and numerous interpretations. From the point of"negative capability", a phrase first coined by Keats himself, this paper is attempting to display the consistency between that poetic line and the poet's creation and life attitude on the whole. For this purpose, this paper will mainly introduce and interpret five of Keats'famous odes in the order of their display of his"rising acceptance of life": Ode to a Nightingale, Ode on a Grecian Urn, Ode to Autumn, Ode on Melancholy and Ode on Indolence. This paper would like to show in the first three Keats's positive quest in different aspects and on certain levels, the fourth the underlying tone of life's polyphonous song, and the final the"negative capability"that constitutes his healthy attitude toward creation and life. Finally, this paper hopes to demonstrate that it is such capability that enables the poet to growingly accept life, and it is also essential to him as a philosophical poet.展开更多
In this paper, we will present a new method for making first-order systems of nonlinear autonomous ODEs that exhibit limit cycles with a specific geometric shape in two and three dimensions, or systems of ODEs where s...In this paper, we will present a new method for making first-order systems of nonlinear autonomous ODEs that exhibit limit cycles with a specific geometric shape in two and three dimensions, or systems of ODEs where surfaces in three dimensions have attractor behavior. The method is to make the general solutions first by using the exponential function, sine and cosine. We are building up the general solutions bit for bit according to the constant terms that contain the formula of the desired limit cycle, and differentiating them. We will obtain a system of ODEs with the desired behavior. We design the general solutions for a distinct purpose. Using the methods described in this paper, it is possible to make some systems of nonlinear ODEs that are exhibiting limit cycles with a distinct geometric shape in two or three dimensions, and some surfaces having attractor behavior. The pictures show the result.展开更多
In this paper, a 3rd order combination method with three processes and a 4th order combination method with five processes for solving ODEs are discussed. These methods are the Runge-Kutta method combined with a linear...In this paper, a 3rd order combination method with three processes and a 4th order combination method with five processes for solving ODEs are discussed. These methods are the Runge-Kutta method combined with a linear multistep method, which overcomes the defect of the 3rd order parallel Runge-Kutta method discussed in [1].展开更多
Many initial value problems are difficult to be solved using ordinary,explicit step-by-step methods because most of these problems are considered stiff.Certain implicit methods,however,are capable of solving stiff ord...Many initial value problems are difficult to be solved using ordinary,explicit step-by-step methods because most of these problems are considered stiff.Certain implicit methods,however,are capable of solving stiff ordinary differential equations(ODEs)usually found in most applied problems.This study aims to develop a new numerical method,namely the high order variable step variable order block backward differentiation formula(VSVOHOBBDF)for the main purpose of approximating the solutions of third order ODEs.The computational work of the VSVO-HOBBDF method was carried out using the strategy of varying the step size and order in a single code.The order of the proposed method was then discussed in detail.The advancement of this strategy is intended to enhance the efficiency of the proposed method to approximate solutions effectively.In order to confirm the efficiency of the VSVO-HOBBDF method over the two ODE solvers in MATLAB,particularly ode15s and ode23s,a numerical experiment was conducted on a set of stiff problems.The numerical results prove that for this particular set of problem,the use of the proposed method is more efficient than the comparable methods.VSVO-HOBBDF method is thus recommended as a reliable alternative solver for the third order ODEs.展开更多
In this paper, we build the integral collocation method by using the second shifted Chebyshev polynomials. The numerical method solving the model non-linear such as Riccati differential equation, Logistic differential...In this paper, we build the integral collocation method by using the second shifted Chebyshev polynomials. The numerical method solving the model non-linear such as Riccati differential equation, Logistic differential equation and Multi-order ODEs. The properties of shifted Chebyshev polynomials of the second kind are presented. The finite difference method is used to solve this system of equations. Several numerical examples are provided to confirm the reliability and effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
In this paper, a group of Gauss-Legendre iterative methods with cubic convergence for solving nonlinear systems are proposed. We construct the iterative schemes based on Gauss-Legendre quadrature formula. The cubic co...In this paper, a group of Gauss-Legendre iterative methods with cubic convergence for solving nonlinear systems are proposed. We construct the iterative schemes based on Gauss-Legendre quadrature formula. The cubic convergence and error equation are proved theoretically, and demonstrated numerically. Several numerical examples for solving the system of nonlinear equations and boundary-value problems of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are provided to illustrate the efficiency and performance of the suggested iterative methods.展开更多
城市轨道交通起讫点(origin-destination,OD)客流短时预测在智能交通系统中意义重大,它为交通管控策略实施以及出行者出行选择提供了重要的决策依据。卷积神经网络被广泛用于交通数据空间相关性提取,但其平移不变性与局部敏感性导致该...城市轨道交通起讫点(origin-destination,OD)客流短时预测在智能交通系统中意义重大,它为交通管控策略实施以及出行者出行选择提供了重要的决策依据。卷积神经网络被广泛用于交通数据空间相关性提取,但其平移不变性与局部敏感性导致该方法更重视局部特征而忽视全局特征。本研究构建了基于注意力机制的异构数据特征提取机模型(heterogeneous data feature extraction machine,HDFEM)以实现OD矩阵空间相关性的全局感知。该模型从时空特征和用地属性特征出发,构造异构数据OD时空张量与地理信息张量,依托模型张量编码层对异构数据张量进行分割与编码,通过注意力机制连接各张量块特征,提取OD矩阵中各个部分间的空间相关性。该方法不仅实现了异构数据与OD客流数据的融合,还兼顾了卷积神经网络模型未能处理的OD矩阵远距离特征,进而帮助模型更全面地学习OD客流的空间特征。对于OD时序特性,该模型使用了长短时记忆网络来处理。在杭州地铁自动售检票系统(auto fare collection,AFC)数据集上的实验结果表明:HDFEM模型相对于基于卷积神经网络的预测模型,其均方误差、平均绝对误差与标准均方根误差分别下降了4.1%,2.5%,2%,验证了全局OD特征感知对于城市轨道交通OD客流预测的重要性。展开更多
文摘This paper is presenting a new method for making first-order systems of nonlinear autonomous ODEs that exhibit limit cycles with a specific geometric shape in two and three dimensions, or systems of ODEs where surfaces in three dimensions have attractor behavior. The method is to make the general solutions first by using the exponential function, sine, and cosine. We are building up the general solutions bit for bit according to constant terms that contain the formula of the desired limit cycle, and differentiating them. In Part One, we used only formulas for closed curves where all parts of the formula were of the same degree. In order to use many other formulas for closed curves, the method in this paper is to introduce an additional variable, and we will get an additional ODE. We will choose the part of the formula with the highest degree and multiply the other parts with an extra variable, so that all parts of the formula have the same degree, creating a constant term containing this new formula. We will place it under the fraction line in the solutions, building up the rest of the solutions according to this constant term and differentiating. Keeping this extra variable constant, we will achieve almost the desired result. Using the methods described in this paper, it is possible to make some systems of nonlinear ODEs that are exhibiting limit cycles with a distinct geometric shape in two or three dimensions and some surfaces having attractor behavior, where not all parts of the formulas are the same degree. The pictures show the result.
文摘"Beauty is truth, truth beauty"-the famous line in English romantic poet John Keats'Ode on a Grecian Urn-has triggered wide discussion and numerous interpretations. From the point of"negative capability", a phrase first coined by Keats himself, this paper is attempting to display the consistency between that poetic line and the poet's creation and life attitude on the whole. For this purpose, this paper will mainly introduce and interpret five of Keats'famous odes in the order of their display of his"rising acceptance of life": Ode to a Nightingale, Ode on a Grecian Urn, Ode to Autumn, Ode on Melancholy and Ode on Indolence. This paper would like to show in the first three Keats's positive quest in different aspects and on certain levels, the fourth the underlying tone of life's polyphonous song, and the final the"negative capability"that constitutes his healthy attitude toward creation and life. Finally, this paper hopes to demonstrate that it is such capability that enables the poet to growingly accept life, and it is also essential to him as a philosophical poet.
文摘In this paper, we will present a new method for making first-order systems of nonlinear autonomous ODEs that exhibit limit cycles with a specific geometric shape in two and three dimensions, or systems of ODEs where surfaces in three dimensions have attractor behavior. The method is to make the general solutions first by using the exponential function, sine and cosine. We are building up the general solutions bit for bit according to the constant terms that contain the formula of the desired limit cycle, and differentiating them. We will obtain a system of ODEs with the desired behavior. We design the general solutions for a distinct purpose. Using the methods described in this paper, it is possible to make some systems of nonlinear ODEs that are exhibiting limit cycles with a distinct geometric shape in two or three dimensions, and some surfaces having attractor behavior. The pictures show the result.
文摘In this paper, a 3rd order combination method with three processes and a 4th order combination method with five processes for solving ODEs are discussed. These methods are the Runge-Kutta method combined with a linear multistep method, which overcomes the defect of the 3rd order parallel Runge-Kutta method discussed in [1].
基金funded by Fundamental Research Grant Scheme Universiti Sains Malaysia,Grant No.203/PJJAUH/6711688 received by S.A.M.Yatim.Url at http://www.research.usm.my/default.asp?tag=3&f=1&k=1.
文摘Many initial value problems are difficult to be solved using ordinary,explicit step-by-step methods because most of these problems are considered stiff.Certain implicit methods,however,are capable of solving stiff ordinary differential equations(ODEs)usually found in most applied problems.This study aims to develop a new numerical method,namely the high order variable step variable order block backward differentiation formula(VSVOHOBBDF)for the main purpose of approximating the solutions of third order ODEs.The computational work of the VSVO-HOBBDF method was carried out using the strategy of varying the step size and order in a single code.The order of the proposed method was then discussed in detail.The advancement of this strategy is intended to enhance the efficiency of the proposed method to approximate solutions effectively.In order to confirm the efficiency of the VSVO-HOBBDF method over the two ODE solvers in MATLAB,particularly ode15s and ode23s,a numerical experiment was conducted on a set of stiff problems.The numerical results prove that for this particular set of problem,the use of the proposed method is more efficient than the comparable methods.VSVO-HOBBDF method is thus recommended as a reliable alternative solver for the third order ODEs.
文摘In this paper, we build the integral collocation method by using the second shifted Chebyshev polynomials. The numerical method solving the model non-linear such as Riccati differential equation, Logistic differential equation and Multi-order ODEs. The properties of shifted Chebyshev polynomials of the second kind are presented. The finite difference method is used to solve this system of equations. Several numerical examples are provided to confirm the reliability and effectiveness of the proposed method.
文摘In this paper, a group of Gauss-Legendre iterative methods with cubic convergence for solving nonlinear systems are proposed. We construct the iterative schemes based on Gauss-Legendre quadrature formula. The cubic convergence and error equation are proved theoretically, and demonstrated numerically. Several numerical examples for solving the system of nonlinear equations and boundary-value problems of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are provided to illustrate the efficiency and performance of the suggested iterative methods.
文摘城市轨道交通起讫点(origin-destination,OD)客流短时预测在智能交通系统中意义重大,它为交通管控策略实施以及出行者出行选择提供了重要的决策依据。卷积神经网络被广泛用于交通数据空间相关性提取,但其平移不变性与局部敏感性导致该方法更重视局部特征而忽视全局特征。本研究构建了基于注意力机制的异构数据特征提取机模型(heterogeneous data feature extraction machine,HDFEM)以实现OD矩阵空间相关性的全局感知。该模型从时空特征和用地属性特征出发,构造异构数据OD时空张量与地理信息张量,依托模型张量编码层对异构数据张量进行分割与编码,通过注意力机制连接各张量块特征,提取OD矩阵中各个部分间的空间相关性。该方法不仅实现了异构数据与OD客流数据的融合,还兼顾了卷积神经网络模型未能处理的OD矩阵远距离特征,进而帮助模型更全面地学习OD客流的空间特征。对于OD时序特性,该模型使用了长短时记忆网络来处理。在杭州地铁自动售检票系统(auto fare collection,AFC)数据集上的实验结果表明:HDFEM模型相对于基于卷积神经网络的预测模型,其均方误差、平均绝对误差与标准均方根误差分别下降了4.1%,2.5%,2%,验证了全局OD特征感知对于城市轨道交通OD客流预测的重要性。