Fresh Processing Technology in Polygonatum odoratum Production Area and Its Comparison with Traditional Processing

[Objectives]To compare the effects of traditional processing and fresh processing on the quality of Polygonatum odoratum decoction piece.[Methods]The effects of fresh processing and traditional processing on the quality of P.odoratum decoction piece were compared and analyzed with appearance characteristics,total ash content,extract content,total polysaccharides content,and total flavonoids content as the evaluation indexes.[Results]Fresh processing method in different production areas has different effects on P.odoratum decoction piece.P.odoratum was dried in oven of 50℃.When moisture content was 41.44%-59.67%,it was cut.After complete drying at 50℃,the moisture content of dried P.odoratum was 8.94%-9.60%,and ethanol-soluble extract content was 77.29%-78.20%,and water-soluble extract was 77.7%-78.14%.At this time,the appearance characteristics of section of P.odoratum decoction piece were better than that of traditional processing,which was yellowish white.The total polysaccharide content was higher than that of traditional processing,and the content of total flavonoids was statistically significant different from that of traditional processing.[Conclusions]The quality of P.odoratum decoction piece by fresh processing is better than that of the traditional processing,and it is feasible to use fresh processing.

Effects of Polygonatum odoratum Polysaccharide on Reproductive Hormones in Male Rats Fed a High-fat Diet

[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Polygonatum odoratum polysaccharide(POP)on organ relative weights and reproductive hormone levels in male rats fed a high-fat diet.[Methods]Thirty healthy male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into two groups according to their body weight:10 in normal control group(Group NC,n=10)and 20 in experimental group(n=20).The rats in experimental group were fed a high-fat diet for eight weeks before they were further randomly divided into two groups:high fat group(Group HF)and high fat+400 mg/(kg·d)POP group(Group HF+POP).In Group HF+POP,the rats were administered with POP for another six weeks,before their blood plasma was collected,and the relative weights of their testis and epididymis were calculated.The plasma levels of testosterone(T),estrogen(E2),follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),cortisol(C)and luteinizing hormone(LH)were measured by radioimmunoassay,and the plasma levels of sex hormone-binding globulin(SHBG)and insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1)were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.[Results]Compared with Group HF,POP could effectively inhibit rat obesity caused by high-fat diets,increase the relative weights of their testis and epididymis,plasma levels of LH,E2,FSH,T,SHBG and IGF-1,and reduce the plasma level of E2.[Conclusions]Polygonatum odoratum polysaccharide(POP)is able to effectively regulate the level of reproductive hormones in high-fat diet fed rats,and helps to protect their reproductive function.

Effects of Polygonatum odoratum Polysaccharides on the Quality of White Chili Peppers in Jars

[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Polygonatum odoratum polysaccharides on the quality of white chili peppers in jars.[Methods]White chili peppers were pickled by adding different concentrations of P.odoratum polysaccharides with traditional pickling technology,and its nitrite content,pH and sensory quality were analyzed and detected.[Results]The results showed that,compared with the control group without adding P.odoratum polysaccharides,the nitrite content in white chili peppers in jars decreased after adding P.odoratum polysaccharides.When the addition amount of P.odoratum polysaccharides was 0.002%,the inhibition rate of nitrite reached the maximum.Under the same fermentation time,P.odoratum polysaccharides could significantly reduce the pH value of pickles.When the addition amount of P.odoratum polysaccharide was 0.002%and the pickling time was 3 months,the sensory quality of white chili peppers in jars was the best.At this point,white chili peppers in jars had rich aroma and tasted soft and sour,and the sour and salinity were suitable.As the fermentation time continued to increase,the chili aroma of white chili peppers in jars gradually decreased,and the sour taste became more pronounced.[Conclusions]This study can provide reference for the safety and quality control of white chili peppers in jars.

不同品系湘玉竹主要功能成分及抗氧化和抗糖基化活性

为探究不同品系湘玉竹主要功能成分的含量及其抗氧化和抗糖基化能力,以邵东麻杆、红杆、连竹、红杆猪屎尾、猪屎尾5个品系湘玉竹为试材,测定其主要功能成分,初步研究其抗氧化能力和抗糖基化活性,并对其进行相关性分析。结果表明,猪屎尾的水分含量最低,为(65.05±0.66)%,折干率最高;麻杆的硬度最低,为(511.39±59.96)g,灰分、蛋白质、总酚、总黄酮、还原糖、多糖的含量均最高,分别为(3.09±0.12)%、(5.99±0.03)%、(20.57±2.42)、(1.55±0.07)、(38.37±0.72)、(78.66±1.73)mg/g。5个品系玉竹提取液中,麻杆的抗氧化和抗糖基化活性最好,当麻杆质量浓度为300 mg/mL时,麻杆对DPPH自由基的清除率达(97.38±1.91)%,半抑制浓度(half maximal inhibitory concentration,IC50)值为(115.80±5.70)mg/mL;当质量浓度为150 mg/mL时,对ABTS+阳离子自由基的清除率达(87.27±3.21)%,IC_(50)值为(75.52±4.06)mg/mL;当质量浓度为1.25 mg/mL时,对体外糖基化终产物的抑制能力达(87.38±1.17)%。铁离子还原能力值为(8.88±0.21)μmol/g,氧自由基吸收能力值为(0.57±0.01)mmol/g。5个品系中,麻杆玉竹功能成分含量最高,抗氧化和抗糖基化能力最强。

玉竹地上部位化学成分及其α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性研究

目的:研究玉竹地上部位的化学成分及其对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性。方法:采用大孔吸附树脂HP-20、Sephadex LH-20、MCI gel CHP 20P、Chromatorex C18、半制备型高效液相等色谱法对玉竹地上部位75%甲醇提取物进行分离纯化,通过1H-NMR、13C-NMR等波谱技术对化合物进行结构鉴定,并采用α-葡萄糖苷酶活性筛选模型对部分化合物进行活性筛选。结果:从玉竹地上部位中分离得到16个化合物,分别鉴定为:对羟基苯甲酸(1)、芹菜素-6-C-葡萄糖苷(2)、异金雀花素(3)、异槲皮苷(4)、肥皂草苷(5)、山柰酚-3-O-β-芸香苷(6)、芦丁(7)、异鼠李素-3-O-芸香苷(8)、牡荆素-2″-O-葡萄糖苷(9)、牡荆素-4″-O-葡萄糖苷(10)、牡荆素-2″-O-β-D-(6‴-乙酰基)-葡萄糖苷(11)、异牡荆素-2″-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(12)、芹菜素-6-C-阿拉伯糖-葡萄糖苷(13)、槲皮素-7-O-[α-L-鼠李糖-(1→6)-β-D-半乳糖苷](14)、金圣草黄素-7-O-槐糖苷(15)、金圣草黄素-7-O-[β-D-芹菜糖-(1→6)]-β-D-葡萄糖苷(16),并筛选了部分化合物的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性。结论:其中,化合物2~6、10~16为首次从该植物中分离得到。化合物2具有显著的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性。

两种同属食药同源植物黄精与玉竹代谢组学比较分析

采用代谢组学方法比较分析了同属食药同源植物黄精和玉竹代谢物质的组成及差异。利用基于超高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术(UHPLC-MS)的非靶向代谢组学技术,对黄精与玉竹的根部进行了分析。两种中药共检测到583个差异代谢物,玉竹与黄精相比,其中共有536个代谢物含量显著上升,47个代谢物含量显著下降。在这些代谢物中,有150种黄酮类化合物在黄精和玉竹中存在显著性差异,其中:139种显著上调,11种显著下调。甾体皂苷类化合物在黄精和玉竹中共检测到110种,其中:93种显著上调,17种显著下调。生物碱类化合物在黄精和玉竹中共检测到73种,其中:61种显著上调,12种显著下调。98种酚酸类化合物在黄精与玉竹中存在显著性差异,其中:96种显著上调,2种显著下调。48种萜类化合物在黄精与玉竹中存在显著性差异,其中:47种显著上调,1种显著下调。这些研究结果可为黄精与玉竹的开发研究提供理论依据。

入侵物种飞机草(Eupatorium odoratum)化学成分及生物活性研究进展

就外来入侵恶性杂草飞机草(Eupatorium odoratum)的化学成分及生物活性研究情况进行综述,旨在为治理和综合利用飞机草工作提供参考依据.

玉竹(Polygonatum odoratum(Mill.) Druce)凝集素的荧光淬灭研究

百合科植物玉竹(Polygonatum odoratum(Mill.)Druce)的根状茎经生理盐水浸取、硫酸铵分级沉淀、CM-Sepharose柱离子交换层析和Sephacryl S-200凝胶过滤,得到经SDS-PAGE检测为14.2kD的单一蛋白条带的玉竹凝集素(Polygonatum odoratumlectin,简称POL).荧光淬灭剂丙烯酰胺、KI和CsCl对POL的内源荧光淬灭研究表明它们对凝集素分子荧光的淬灭过程属动态淬灭机制.其中玉竹凝集素中Trp残基对中性淬灭剂丙烯酰胺的可接近程度达到81%,而阴离子淬灭剂I-、阳离子淬灭剂Cs+仅淬灭POL 50%和45%的荧光.表明玉竹凝集素产生荧光的氨基酸残基大部分是位于分子表面和近表面带电荷的沟槽内,并且Trp残基周围有大约等量的正、负电荷分布.

不同酵母对香茶藨子果酒品质及挥发性成分的影响

为探究不同酵母(DV10、EC1118、D254)发酵对果酒理化性质、挥发性成分等方面的影响,辨明果酒特征性风味物质,该研究以香茶藨子为原料,采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪和固相微萃取法对香茶藨子果酒中的挥发性成分进行分析,共检出146种挥发性成分,包括醇类39种、酯类38种、烃类30种、酸类10种、醛类10种、酮类11种、萜类6种以及其他类2种。结果表明,3种酵母发酵的香茶藨子果酒中总糖含量为0.497~0.510 g/L、总酸含量为4.625~5.102 g/L、可溶性固形物为7.03~7.53°Brix、pH值为4.11~4.22、色度1.908~3.383、酒精度11.1~14.57%vol。经不同酵母发酵获得的香茶藨子果酒中的挥发性成分种类和含量差异显著(P<0.05),但主要挥发性成分均为醇类、酯类、烃类和酸类。总体而言,EC1118酵母酿造的香茶藨子果酒的挥发性成分较多且风味较好,更适合用于香茶藨子果酒的酿造。

Allelopathic Potentials of Some Crop Residues on the Germination and Seedling Growth of Chromolaena Odoratum L.

The allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts of rice husk （Orza sativa L.） and sorghum stem （Sorghum bicolor L.） on the germination and seedling growth of Chromolaena odoratum L. were investigated. The extracts of the two crop residues exhibited inhibitory effects on the germination and seedling growth of Chromolaena odoratum L. The degree of retardation demonstrated in both extracts was concentration dependent. However the results obtained revealed that the retardation was more pronounced in the rice husk extract-treated seeds. However statistical analysis （P 〈 0.05% level） revealed that the degrees of inhibition of radicle and plumule obtained from various extracts treated seeds of both extracts were not significantly different when compared to those obtained from the control experiments as well as those obtained from the varying extract concentrations.

香茶藨子种子成分测定与分析

为明确青海地区香茶藨子的种子成分,本研究以香茶藨子种子为研究材料,对其主要内含物质、氨基酸和脂肪酸进行测定与分析,并将香茶藨子种子与6种东北地区茶藨子种子中的氨基酸和脂肪酸作对比分析,同时将其与4种青海当地野生茶藨子、产油林果及产油农作物的脂肪酸进行了对比分析。结果表明:(1)香茶藨子种子的蛋白质含量较高,为10.90 g/100 g。(2)香茶藨子种子含有17种氨基酸,总含量为9.51 g/100 g,其中谷氨酸、天冬氨酸和精氨酸含量较高,分别为1.78、1.07、0.92 g/100 g,但香茶藨子种子的多种氨基酸含量低于6种东北地区茶藨子种子的氨基酸含量。(3)香茶藨子种子含有13种脂肪酸,其中亚油酸和α-亚麻酸含量较高,分别为40.50%、28%;对比不同品种茶藨子、产油林果及产油农作物种子中脂肪酸成分及含量发现,香茶藨子种子中的α-亚麻酸含量最高,为28%。本研究结果可为青海地区香茶藨子的开发和利用提供参考依据。

玉竹多糖合成积累影响因素的研究进展

以《中国药典》规定的主要成分指标玉竹多糖为切入点,从多糖合成积累途径以及种质、栽培、加工等方法对玉竹多糖合成积累的影响进行概括总结,为玉竹新种质创制、生态栽培、加工与开发利用提供参考依据。通过总结分析发现,玉竹种源地、品系以及栽培过程中的地表覆盖、施肥等措施显著影响玉竹多糖的转化积累,采收年份、同一年的不同采收期以及采后不同产地初加工工艺等同样对玉竹多糖含量影响显著。因此,需严格规范玉竹产地和品系,按照标准化技术规程进行玉竹种植、采收、加工等,以保证玉竹的产量和品质。

玉竹多糖提取工艺优化及体外抗氧化能力研究

为充分利用玉竹资源,采用超声辅助热水浸提法来提取玉竹中多糖.以玉竹多糖提取率为考察指标,通过对提取温度、固液比、超声时间、提取时间4个因素的影响并进行单因素实验,筛选出影响提取率效果最好的3个因素和水平,并采用正交试验法对其玉竹多糖提取工艺进行优化.结果表明,通过单因素实验分析对提取率的影响:超声时间大于提取温度大于固液比大于提取时间,并进行正交试验,对玉竹多糖的提取工艺进行了研究,确定了以提取温度为60℃、固液比1∶30、超声时间为70 min、提取时间90 min为最佳.在此条件下提取效率最高.通过考察玉竹多糖对DPPH自由基的清除能力,发现玉竹多糖对DPPH自由基具有较好的清除能力,在50~60mg/mL时清除率达到平稳.作为天然抗氧化剂的玉竹多糖有望在食品、药品和化妆品等领域发挥潜在的应用价值.

玉竹多糖对人脐带间质干细胞培养的影响研究

目的:探究培养液中添加玉竹多糖对人脐带间质干细胞(hUC-MSCs)培养的影响。方法:比较在培养液中添加玉竹多糖和传统培养方法得到的人脐带间质干细胞,在形态、稳定性、产量、细胞分化等指标上的区别。结果:测得传统酶消化法P0代细胞每瓶(T75)收获细胞总量为4.53×10^(6)cells、活率95.5%,而添加玉竹多糖的酶消化法收获细胞总量为5.35×10^(7)cells、活率97.9%;定向诱导分化两种方法得到的hUC-MSCs,无明显差异。结论:与传统酶消化法相比,添加玉竹多糖的酶消化法可以提高细胞产量、缩短生产时间,利于细胞的大规模化生产,且细胞分化无明显差异,能满足生产和临床需求。

不同玉竹品种主要农艺性状及叶绿素含量比较

以郴州地区3个不同玉竹品种(高禾尾参、猪屎尾参1和猪屎尾参2)为研究对象,比较不同玉竹品种农艺性状(株高、地径、叶长和叶宽)和叶绿素含量(叶绿素a、叶绿素b和叶绿素总含量)的差异,评价不同品种玉竹的种苗质量。结果表明,高禾尾参、猪屎尾参1和猪屎尾参2各物候期农艺性状及叶绿素含量有一定差异,其中高禾尾参生长性状表现较好,其株高、地径、叶长等生长指标高于其他两个玉竹品种,叶绿素含量较高,种质优势明显;猪屎尾参2植株发育相对迟缓,株高、地径、叶长、叶绿素含量等均低于其他两个玉竹品种。

Two new homoisoflavanones from Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce

Two new homoisoflavanones were isolated from the rhizomes of Polygonatum odoratum(Mill.) Druce and their structures were elucidated as(3R)-5,7-dihydroxy-8-methoxy-3-(4-methoxybenzyl)-6-methylchrom-an-4-one(1) and(3R)-5,7,8-trihydroxy-3-(4- hydroxybenzyl)-6-methylchroman-4-one(2),on the basis of spectral analysis.

A New Furostanol Glycoside from Polygonatum odoratum

A new furostanol component glycosylated only at C-26 was isolated from the rhizomes of Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce, and its structure was characterized as 22-hydroxy-25(R and S) furost-5-en-12-on-3b, 22, 26-triol 26-O-b-D-glucopyranoside on the basis of spectroscopic techniques and chemical methods.

Anti-hemolytic, antibacterial and anti-cancer activities of methanolic extracts from leaves and stems of Polygonum odoratum

Objective: To investigate anti-hemolytic, antibacterial and anti-cancer activities of leaf and stem extracts from Polygonum odoratum. Methods: Leaves and stems of Polygonum odoratum were extracted using methanol and their anti-hemolytic activity was assessed using 2, 2′-Azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride which is known to generate free radical damage on cell membranes of red blood cells. This damage, represented by hemolysis, was measured using spectrophotometry. Antibacterial activity was tested by using a broth microdilution method to find minimal inhibitory concentrations against eight bacterial strains. Anti-cancer activity of the extracts was evaluated against a human promyelocytic leukemic cell line(HL-60) by using MTT assay for cell viability and flow cytometry for apoptosis induction and cell cycle analysis. Results: Both leaf and stem extracts have anti-hemolytic activity. The results showed a significantly increased percentage of inhibition in a concentration-dependent manner. Interestingly, the leaf extract showed anti-hemolytic activity to a greater extent than the stem extract. Antibacterial activity of the extracts, as indicated by their minimal inhibitory concentration, using 12.5, 50, 25, 25 μg/mL, was measured against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus. The leaf extracts also exhibited anti-cancer activity, demonstrated by significantly decreased cell viability of human promyelocytic cells(HL-60), with an IC_(50) of(350.00±1.85) μg/mL for 48 h and(38.00±0.92) μg/mL for 72 h. Additionally, HL-60 became apoptotic and accumulated in G_1-phase after 48 hours of treatment. Conclusions: The extracts of Polygonum odoratum exhibit potential antihemolytic activity. They also have antibacterial activity by inhibiting growth of Gram-positive bacteria. The leaf extract shows anti-cancer activity against HL-60 to a greater extent than the stem extract, causing decreased viability, increased G_1-phase accumulation and apoptosis induction.

Habitat Factor Analysis of Alien Invasive Plant Eupatorium odoratum in Guangxi Province of China

The invasion pattern of Eupatorium odoratum in invasion area was studied by random plot sampling method. Eighteen habitat factors of E. odoratum sampling plots such as altitude, gradient and exposure were quantified to precisely describe the invasion patterns of E. odoratum in various habitats with different characteristics, and carried out principal component analysis （PCA）. The results showed that the ecological information of 18 habitat factors of E. odoratum could be characterized by four comprehensive factors. The occurrence frequency of E. odoratum had positive eorrelation with the ecological factors such as exposure, soil moisture, total number of plants, number of shrubs, weeds height, distance form water source, farmland distance, air humidity, arbor height, arbor size, altitude, gradient, number of plant species and weeds coverage, which had negative correlation with air temperature.

玉竹多糖的体外消化特性及其与乳杆菌和大肠杆菌的相互作用

采用水提醇沉法制备玉竹多糖,对其理化性质进行测定;利用体外模拟消化模型研究玉竹多糖在体外模拟唾液、胃和胃肠道中的消化情况;进一步考察其与乳杆菌(植物乳杆菌,CGMCC NO.1258)和大肠杆菌(大肠埃希氏菌,CGMCC NO.1.1521)的相互作用。结果表明,玉竹多糖本身不含还原糖,水解后主要由甘露糖、半乳糖醛酸、葡萄糖、半乳糖组成,含有2种分子质量分布,分别为1.37×10^(6)、6.75×10^(3)Da;玉竹多糖在被模拟唾液、胃液、胃肠液消化后,还原糖、单糖组成、分子质量均无明显变化,说明玉竹多糖在体外模拟消化系统不能被分解;但在乳杆菌和大肠杆菌的作用下,玉竹多糖发生了不同程度的降解,且玉竹多糖对乳杆菌的生长起到促进作用,对大肠杆菌的生长起到抑制作用。