Odour of Chrysanthemums is one of the short stories by D. H. Lawrence. The fiction shows how humanity was ruined by bourgeois industrial civilization through the death of a miner. In embedding themes, the narrative te...Odour of Chrysanthemums is one of the short stories by D. H. Lawrence. The fiction shows how humanity was ruined by bourgeois industrial civilization through the death of a miner. In embedding themes, the narrative technique of Odour of Chrysanthemums is worth our attention. This paper is intended to make an analysis of point of view, focalization and symbol in the light of narrative theory.展开更多
Toxic odour causes pollution to environment. Removal of odour from wet processing sections of leather tanneries is important to preserve safety and occupational health. Such odour causing gases are identified in natur...Toxic odour causes pollution to environment. Removal of odour from wet processing sections of leather tanneries is important to preserve safety and occupational health. Such odour causing gases are identified in nature and are identified mostly as ammonia, Hydrogen sulfide and Volatile organic compounds. These gases, evolving from tanning drums, were experimentally quantified and analysed. Techniques for the abatement of odorous gases are designed using chemical methods. Scrubbing towers based on absorption of gases by liquid are designed and fabricated to evaluate the performance of the system in laboratory scale. Those gases were reduced in the concentration by absorbing through the packed bed vapour phase absorption using the activated carbon as the adsorbent. Results are helpful to conclude that the absorption technique presented here to reduce these toxic emission loads, seems to be simpler and economically cheaper.展开更多
Through ecocritical study of Odour of Chrysanthemums,this paper reflects that the industrial civilization leads to damaged nature,distorted humanity and conjugal relation.
In order to study the remediation technology and effect of the black-odour water bodies,the treatment project of typical black-odour river was taken as an example,and the technical measures,such as sediment dredging,a...In order to study the remediation technology and effect of the black-odour water bodies,the treatment project of typical black-odour river was taken as an example,and the technical measures,such as sediment dredging,aeration,adding microbial preparation and constructing ecological floating bed,were adopted to treat and restore the water body.The results showed that the black and odorous phenomenon of the river had been basically eliminated and the water quality had been significantly improved after the 9-week operation.The highest removal rates of COD,NH3-N and TP were 82.5%,77.6%and 81.4%,respectively,and the water quality was improved from inferior class V to class IV.The engineering practice indicated that the technical scheme was feasible and could effectively remove the pollutants such as organic matters,ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus in the water,which could provide basis and reference for the treatment project of similar black-odour water body.展开更多
Foodstuffs, fruits and vegetables stored in a refrigerator often produce a peculiar smell which affects preservation. But an electronic ozone eliminator in a refrigerator can help eliminate the smell. Ozone, a strong ...Foodstuffs, fruits and vegetables stored in a refrigerator often produce a peculiar smell which affects preservation. But an electronic ozone eliminator in a refrigerator can help eliminate the smell. Ozone, a strong oxidents, has incomparable advantages including no dead space, is nonpoisonous and a powerful anti-bacteria agent. It has been highly praised by health experts worldwide for its great effect in sterilization of air and food and vegetables. In recent years, it has been used in hospitals and surgical rooms, and for kitchen utilities. Some manufacturers have developed refrigerators with an展开更多
In this study, downwind odour concentrations from a communal toilet facility were measured by trained human receptors using the plume method over a 10 day period from mid-May to mid-June 2015 over an approximate downw...In this study, downwind odour concentrations from a communal toilet facility were measured by trained human receptors using the plume method over a 10 day period from mid-May to mid-June 2015 over an approximate downwind area of 1000 m<sup>2</sup> (about 800 m long and 30 m). Source emission measurements and extensive meteorological data were collected along with the field odor concentration measurements. Modelling of the measurement events at specific receptor locations using the US EPA SCREEN3 model was compared to field odor measurements at the same locations. The study also showed how subjectivity in the use of the human nose in measuring odour strength could be reduced by selecting odour inspectors using the “Standard Procedure for Testing Individual Odour Sensitivity”. Also an odour dispersion model using the US EPA SCREEN3 model was built and simulated and the output of the simulated model compared with the measured data. A paired t-test, t(5) = -1.29, p = 0.902 (p > 0.05), showed that there was no statistically significant difference between simulated model output and measured data, hence the possible of using odour dispersion models improved operation of a communal toilet in relation to odour impact.展开更多
Lawrence is a great writer and expert in describing character's inner psychological activity. By analyzing the short story Odour of Chrysanthemums, this paper aims to offer the readers a fresh entry to understand ...Lawrence is a great writer and expert in describing character's inner psychological activity. By analyzing the short story Odour of Chrysanthemums, this paper aims to offer the readers a fresh entry to understand the important role of different kinds of narrative skills on psychological description in Lawrence's novels.展开更多
In recent years, there has been a growing concern about potential impacts on public health and wellbeing due to exposure to environmental odour. Separation distances between odour-emitting sources and residential area...In recent years, there has been a growing concern about potential impacts on public health and wellbeing due to exposure to environmental odour. Separation distances between odour-emitting sources and residential areas can be calculated using dispersion models, as a means of protecting the neighbourhood from odour annoyance. This study investigates the suitability of using one single year of meteorological input data to calculate reliable direction-dependent separation distances. Accordingly, we assessed and quantified the inter-annual variability of separation distances at two sites with different meteorological conditions, one in Brazil and the other in Austria. A 5-year dataset of hourly meteorological observations was used for each site. Two odour impact criteria set in current regulations were selected to explore their effect on the separation distances. The coefficient of variation was used as a statistical measure to characterise the amount of annual variation. Overall,for all scenarios, the separation distances had a low degree of inter-annual variability(mean coefficient of variation values from 8% to 21%). Reasonable agreements from year to year were therefore observed at the two sites under investigation, showing that one year of meteorological data is a good compromise to achieve reliable accuracy. This finding can provide a more cost-effective solution to calculate separation distances in the vicinity of odour sources.展开更多
Abatement of odour emissions has become an important consideration to agricultural industries,including poultry production. The link between diet and odour emissions was studied in two experiments using Ross 308 male ...Abatement of odour emissions has become an important consideration to agricultural industries,including poultry production. The link between diet and odour emissions was studied in two experiments using Ross 308 male meat chickens reared in specially designed chambers in a climate controlled room. In the first experiment, two treatments were compared using three replicates of two birds per chamber. Two wheat-soy based treatment diets were formulated with or without canola seed, an ingredient rich in sulfur amino acids, Treatment 1(T1) had 13,39 MJ/kg ME(as fed) and used 60 g/kg canola seed without corn while Treatment 2(T2) contained 12.90 MJ/kg ME(as fed) and used 150 g/kg corn without canola seed. In the second experiment, birds were assigned to three dietary treatments of five replicates with five birds per replicate(chamber). The basal starter, grower and finisher diets in the control group(SBM group) contained soybean meal in the range of 227-291 g/kg(as fed) as the main protein source. The other treatments(CM and MBM groups) contained either high levels of canola meal(174-190 g/kg) or meat meal(74-110 g/kg) at the expense of soybean meal. In both experiments, diets were isocaloric, isonitrogenous and contained similar digestible amino acid contents as per 2007 Aviagen Ross 308 guidelines. Emissions of odour were measured using Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy. In both experiments, major odorous compounds detected included 2,3-butanedione(diacetyl),2-butanone, dimethyl disulfide, methyl mercaptan, ethyl mercaptan, 2-butanol, 3-methyl-butanal,phenol and m-cresol. In the first experiment, Tl(with canola seed) produced higher concentration of methyl mercaptan(P < 0.05) and lower diacetyl(P < 0.01) than T2. In the second experiment, methyl mercaptan emission was higher in SBM group(P = 0.01) and total elemental sulfur were higher in SBM and CM groups up to day 24(P < 0.01). Results of these experiments indicated a direct link between diet and odour emissions from meat chickens.展开更多
The effect of graded levels of phytase on performance, bone characteristics, excreta/litter quality and odorant emissions was examined using 720 Ross 308 male d-old broilers. A 2 x 4 factorial arrangement of treatment...The effect of graded levels of phytase on performance, bone characteristics, excreta/litter quality and odorant emissions was examined using 720 Ross 308 male d-old broilers. A 2 x 4 factorial arrangement of treatments was employed with 6 replicates of 15 birds per pen. Factors were: diets-positive and negative control(PC, NC); phytase-0, 500,1,000.1,500 FTU/kg. The PC was formulated to meet the 2014 Ross 308 nutrient specifications, whereas the NC was formulated with lower Ca(-1.4 g/kg), available P(-1.5 g/kg), Na(-0.3 g/kg), dLys(-0.2 g/kg) and MEn(-0.28 MJ/kg) equivalent to nutrient matrix values for 500 FTU/kg phytase in the starter,grower and finisher periods(i.e.,downspec diet). On d 24, phytase decreased FCR by 1.6, 4.3 and 4.6 points at inclusion levels of 500.1,000 and 1,500 FTU/kg, respectively(P < 0.01) across all diets. Phytase by diet interactions on BW gain were observed on d 24 and 35(P < 0.01). The effect of phytase was much more pronounced in the NC diet as compared with the PC diet.On d 24, phytase increased BW gain by 37, 55 and 68 g in the PC and 127.233 and 173 g in the NC at 500,1,000 and 1,500 FTU/kg, respectively. Diet by phytase interactions were also observed for tibia ash, litter quality and water to feed intake ratio(P < 0.01) with higher phytase effect in NC as compared with PC.Neither diet nor phytase impacted excreta moisture content on d 18 or 21(P> 0.05). Solid phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(SPME-GC-MS) analysis of gaseous emissions on d 39 indicated no difference in the emission of alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, volatile fatty acids and phenols between treatments(P> 0.05). The results indicate that phytase has greater benefits when formulated using nutrient matrix values as compared with adding it over the top in an already nutrient sufficient diet. The later method would be expected to increase feed costs without concomitant performance benefits.展开更多
Poultry production systems are associated with emissions of odorous volatile organic compounds （VOCs）, ammonia （NH3）, hydrogen sulfide （HES）, greenhouse gases, and particulate matter. Development of mitigation t...Poultry production systems are associated with emissions of odorous volatile organic compounds （VOCs）, ammonia （NH3）, hydrogen sulfide （HES）, greenhouse gases, and particulate matter. Development of mitigation technologies for these emissions is important. Previous laboratory-scale research on microbial-mineral treatment has shown to be effective for mitigation of NH3, H2S and amines emissions from poultry manure. The aim of this research was to assess the effectiveness of surface application of a microbial-mineral treatment for other important odorants, i.e., phenolics and sulfur-containing VOCs. Microbial-mineral litter additive consisting of 20% （w/w） of bacteria powder （six strains ofheterotrophic bacteria） and 80% of mineral carrier （perlite-bentonite） was used at a dose of 500 g·m^-2 （per -31 kg of manure）. Samples of air were collected m two series, 4 and 7 days after application of additives. An odor profile of the poultry manure was determined using simultaneous chemical and sensory analysis. Reduction levels of VOCs determined on Day 4 was between 31% and 83% for mineral adsorbent treatment and in the range of 9% and 96% for microbial-mineral additive, depending on the analyzed compound. Reduction levels on Day 7 were considerably lower than on Day 4, suggesting that the odorous VOCs treatment efficacy is relatively short. There was no significant difference between treatments consisting of microbial-mineral additive and mineral carrier alone.展开更多
文摘Odour of Chrysanthemums is one of the short stories by D. H. Lawrence. The fiction shows how humanity was ruined by bourgeois industrial civilization through the death of a miner. In embedding themes, the narrative technique of Odour of Chrysanthemums is worth our attention. This paper is intended to make an analysis of point of view, focalization and symbol in the light of narrative theory.
文摘Toxic odour causes pollution to environment. Removal of odour from wet processing sections of leather tanneries is important to preserve safety and occupational health. Such odour causing gases are identified in nature and are identified mostly as ammonia, Hydrogen sulfide and Volatile organic compounds. These gases, evolving from tanning drums, were experimentally quantified and analysed. Techniques for the abatement of odorous gases are designed using chemical methods. Scrubbing towers based on absorption of gases by liquid are designed and fabricated to evaluate the performance of the system in laboratory scale. Those gases were reduced in the concentration by absorbing through the packed bed vapour phase absorption using the activated carbon as the adsorbent. Results are helpful to conclude that the absorption technique presented here to reduce these toxic emission loads, seems to be simpler and economically cheaper.
文摘Through ecocritical study of Odour of Chrysanthemums,this paper reflects that the industrial civilization leads to damaged nature,distorted humanity and conjugal relation.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Fund from the Zhenjiang Science and Technology Administration Bureau(Grant No.SH2018022)the Qing Lan Project of the Jiangsu Provincial Education Department(Grant No.2016).
文摘In order to study the remediation technology and effect of the black-odour water bodies,the treatment project of typical black-odour river was taken as an example,and the technical measures,such as sediment dredging,aeration,adding microbial preparation and constructing ecological floating bed,were adopted to treat and restore the water body.The results showed that the black and odorous phenomenon of the river had been basically eliminated and the water quality had been significantly improved after the 9-week operation.The highest removal rates of COD,NH3-N and TP were 82.5%,77.6%and 81.4%,respectively,and the water quality was improved from inferior class V to class IV.The engineering practice indicated that the technical scheme was feasible and could effectively remove the pollutants such as organic matters,ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus in the water,which could provide basis and reference for the treatment project of similar black-odour water body.
文摘Foodstuffs, fruits and vegetables stored in a refrigerator often produce a peculiar smell which affects preservation. But an electronic ozone eliminator in a refrigerator can help eliminate the smell. Ozone, a strong oxidents, has incomparable advantages including no dead space, is nonpoisonous and a powerful anti-bacteria agent. It has been highly praised by health experts worldwide for its great effect in sterilization of air and food and vegetables. In recent years, it has been used in hospitals and surgical rooms, and for kitchen utilities. Some manufacturers have developed refrigerators with an
文摘In this study, downwind odour concentrations from a communal toilet facility were measured by trained human receptors using the plume method over a 10 day period from mid-May to mid-June 2015 over an approximate downwind area of 1000 m<sup>2</sup> (about 800 m long and 30 m). Source emission measurements and extensive meteorological data were collected along with the field odor concentration measurements. Modelling of the measurement events at specific receptor locations using the US EPA SCREEN3 model was compared to field odor measurements at the same locations. The study also showed how subjectivity in the use of the human nose in measuring odour strength could be reduced by selecting odour inspectors using the “Standard Procedure for Testing Individual Odour Sensitivity”. Also an odour dispersion model using the US EPA SCREEN3 model was built and simulated and the output of the simulated model compared with the measured data. A paired t-test, t(5) = -1.29, p = 0.902 (p > 0.05), showed that there was no statistically significant difference between simulated model output and measured data, hence the possible of using odour dispersion models improved operation of a communal toilet in relation to odour impact.
文摘Lawrence is a great writer and expert in describing character's inner psychological activity. By analyzing the short story Odour of Chrysanthemums, this paper aims to offer the readers a fresh entry to understand the important role of different kinds of narrative skills on psychological description in Lawrence's novels.
基金supported by the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior(CAPES,Ministry of Education,Brazil)within the Programa Geral de Cooperacao Internacional(PGCI)(No.88881.117633/2016-01)
文摘In recent years, there has been a growing concern about potential impacts on public health and wellbeing due to exposure to environmental odour. Separation distances between odour-emitting sources and residential areas can be calculated using dispersion models, as a means of protecting the neighbourhood from odour annoyance. This study investigates the suitability of using one single year of meteorological input data to calculate reliable direction-dependent separation distances. Accordingly, we assessed and quantified the inter-annual variability of separation distances at two sites with different meteorological conditions, one in Brazil and the other in Austria. A 5-year dataset of hourly meteorological observations was used for each site. Two odour impact criteria set in current regulations were selected to explore their effect on the separation distances. The coefficient of variation was used as a statistical measure to characterise the amount of annual variation. Overall,for all scenarios, the separation distances had a low degree of inter-annual variability(mean coefficient of variation values from 8% to 21%). Reasonable agreements from year to year were therefore observed at the two sites under investigation, showing that one year of meteorological data is a good compromise to achieve reliable accuracy. This finding can provide a more cost-effective solution to calculate separation distances in the vicinity of odour sources.
基金supported under the Australian Government's Cooperative Research Centres Program(2.2.8)
文摘Abatement of odour emissions has become an important consideration to agricultural industries,including poultry production. The link between diet and odour emissions was studied in two experiments using Ross 308 male meat chickens reared in specially designed chambers in a climate controlled room. In the first experiment, two treatments were compared using three replicates of two birds per chamber. Two wheat-soy based treatment diets were formulated with or without canola seed, an ingredient rich in sulfur amino acids, Treatment 1(T1) had 13,39 MJ/kg ME(as fed) and used 60 g/kg canola seed without corn while Treatment 2(T2) contained 12.90 MJ/kg ME(as fed) and used 150 g/kg corn without canola seed. In the second experiment, birds were assigned to three dietary treatments of five replicates with five birds per replicate(chamber). The basal starter, grower and finisher diets in the control group(SBM group) contained soybean meal in the range of 227-291 g/kg(as fed) as the main protein source. The other treatments(CM and MBM groups) contained either high levels of canola meal(174-190 g/kg) or meat meal(74-110 g/kg) at the expense of soybean meal. In both experiments, diets were isocaloric, isonitrogenous and contained similar digestible amino acid contents as per 2007 Aviagen Ross 308 guidelines. Emissions of odour were measured using Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy. In both experiments, major odorous compounds detected included 2,3-butanedione(diacetyl),2-butanone, dimethyl disulfide, methyl mercaptan, ethyl mercaptan, 2-butanol, 3-methyl-butanal,phenol and m-cresol. In the first experiment, Tl(with canola seed) produced higher concentration of methyl mercaptan(P < 0.05) and lower diacetyl(P < 0.01) than T2. In the second experiment, methyl mercaptan emission was higher in SBM group(P = 0.01) and total elemental sulfur were higher in SBM and CM groups up to day 24(P < 0.01). Results of these experiments indicated a direct link between diet and odour emissions from meat chickens.
基金supported under the Australian Government's Cooperative Research Centres Programa part of Poultry CRC sub project grant 2.2.8
文摘The effect of graded levels of phytase on performance, bone characteristics, excreta/litter quality and odorant emissions was examined using 720 Ross 308 male d-old broilers. A 2 x 4 factorial arrangement of treatments was employed with 6 replicates of 15 birds per pen. Factors were: diets-positive and negative control(PC, NC); phytase-0, 500,1,000.1,500 FTU/kg. The PC was formulated to meet the 2014 Ross 308 nutrient specifications, whereas the NC was formulated with lower Ca(-1.4 g/kg), available P(-1.5 g/kg), Na(-0.3 g/kg), dLys(-0.2 g/kg) and MEn(-0.28 MJ/kg) equivalent to nutrient matrix values for 500 FTU/kg phytase in the starter,grower and finisher periods(i.e.,downspec diet). On d 24, phytase decreased FCR by 1.6, 4.3 and 4.6 points at inclusion levels of 500.1,000 and 1,500 FTU/kg, respectively(P < 0.01) across all diets. Phytase by diet interactions on BW gain were observed on d 24 and 35(P < 0.01). The effect of phytase was much more pronounced in the NC diet as compared with the PC diet.On d 24, phytase increased BW gain by 37, 55 and 68 g in the PC and 127.233 and 173 g in the NC at 500,1,000 and 1,500 FTU/kg, respectively. Diet by phytase interactions were also observed for tibia ash, litter quality and water to feed intake ratio(P < 0.01) with higher phytase effect in NC as compared with PC.Neither diet nor phytase impacted excreta moisture content on d 18 or 21(P> 0.05). Solid phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(SPME-GC-MS) analysis of gaseous emissions on d 39 indicated no difference in the emission of alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, volatile fatty acids and phenols between treatments(P> 0.05). The results indicate that phytase has greater benefits when formulated using nutrient matrix values as compared with adding it over the top in an already nutrient sufficient diet. The later method would be expected to increase feed costs without concomitant performance benefits.
文摘Poultry production systems are associated with emissions of odorous volatile organic compounds （VOCs）, ammonia （NH3）, hydrogen sulfide （HES）, greenhouse gases, and particulate matter. Development of mitigation technologies for these emissions is important. Previous laboratory-scale research on microbial-mineral treatment has shown to be effective for mitigation of NH3, H2S and amines emissions from poultry manure. The aim of this research was to assess the effectiveness of surface application of a microbial-mineral treatment for other important odorants, i.e., phenolics and sulfur-containing VOCs. Microbial-mineral litter additive consisting of 20% （w/w） of bacteria powder （six strains ofheterotrophic bacteria） and 80% of mineral carrier （perlite-bentonite） was used at a dose of 500 g·m^-2 （per -31 kg of manure）. Samples of air were collected m two series, 4 and 7 days after application of additives. An odor profile of the poultry manure was determined using simultaneous chemical and sensory analysis. Reduction levels of VOCs determined on Day 4 was between 31% and 83% for mineral adsorbent treatment and in the range of 9% and 96% for microbial-mineral additive, depending on the analyzed compound. Reduction levels on Day 7 were considerably lower than on Day 4, suggesting that the odorous VOCs treatment efficacy is relatively short. There was no significant difference between treatments consisting of microbial-mineral additive and mineral carrier alone.
