Our aim was to assess the impact of the association between elevated oestradiol （E2） and low testosterone （T） levels on erectile dysfunction （ED） severity. A total of 614 male patients with ED and a normal or lo...Our aim was to assess the impact of the association between elevated oestradiol （E2） and low testosterone （T） levels on erectile dysfunction （ED） severity. A total of 614 male patients with ED and a normal or low T level in association with normal or elevated E2 levels were enrolled. Patients underwent routine laboratory investigations in addition to measurements of total T, total E2, follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH）, luteinizing hormone （LH） and prolactin. We compared the responses to the erectile function domain, Q3 （achieving erection） and Q4 （maintaining erection） of the International Index for Erectile Function （IIEF） score in patients with the following： normal T and E2 levels; low T level; low T level and elevated E2 level; and elevated E2 level. Of the patients included, 449 （73.1%） had normal T and E2 levels, 110 （17.9%） had a low T level, 36 （5.9%） had a low T level and an elevated E2 level, and 19 （3.1%） had an elevated E2 level. Increased ED severity was significantly associated with low T levels, elevated E2 levels, and both a low T level and an elevated E2 level. Additionally, the mean values of the EF-domain, Q3 and Q4 were significantly lower in patients with both a low T level and an elevated E2 level compared to patients with any condition alone. In conclusion, a low T level had the primary effect on erectile function; however, a concomitantly elevated E2 level had an additive impairment effect.展开更多
Background Estrogen is involved in suppression of colon cancer development and exerts its function via estrogen receptors α and β （ERa, ERβ）. The recently identified ERα46 resulted from exon 1-deletion from the ...Background Estrogen is involved in suppression of colon cancer development and exerts its function via estrogen receptors α and β （ERa, ERβ）. The recently identified ERα46 resulted from exon 1-deletion from the 66-kDa full length form of ERa66 is devoid of the transactivation domain AF-1, whose function remains largely unknown. Methods In this study, we compared the expression of ERa46 mRNA in 32 normal colorectal tissues and their matched colorectal cancer tissues by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （PCR）. Human colon adenocarcinoma cell HT-29, that has low endogenous expression of ERα46, was transfected with ERα46-expression vector; methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium （MTT） assay, flow cytometry, DNA fragmentation and TUNEL staining were used to evaluate the proliferation and apoptosis status of the cells in the presence of 17β-oestradiol. Results Higher ERα46 mRNA levels were observed in normal colorectal tissues than in the corresponding cancer tissues. ERα46-transfected cells showed a significantly decreased growth rate than control cells and an accumulation of cells in the G0/1 phase and a reduced proportion of cells in G2/M phase after exposed to 10^-8 mol/L 17β-oestradiol. There were also more positive TUNEL stained cells in ERα46-transfected cells than the control cells in the presence of 17β-oestradiol （P 〈0.05）. Conclusions These data suggest that ERα46 may be involved in the development and/or progression of colorectal cancer via mediating growth inhibition and apoptosis of cancer cells in the presence of 17β-oestradiol.展开更多
Populations living at high altitudes （HAs）, particularly in the Peruvian Andes, are characterized by a mixture of subjects with erythrocytosis （16 g dl-1〈haemoglobin （Hb）≤21 gdl-1） and others with excessive er...Populations living at high altitudes （HAs）, particularly in the Peruvian Andes, are characterized by a mixture of subjects with erythrocytosis （16 g dl-1〈haemoglobin （Hb）≤21 gdl-1） and others with excessive erythrocytosis （EE） （Hb〉21 g dl-1）. Elevated haemoglobin values （EE） are associated with chronic mountain sickness, a condition reflecting the lack of adaptation to HA. According to current data, native men from regions of HA are not adequately adapted to live at such altitudes if they have elevated serum testosterone levels. This seems to be due to an increased conversion of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate （DH EAS） to testosterone. Men with erythrocytosis at HAs show higher serum androstenedione levels and a lower testosterone/androstenedione ratio than men with EE, suggesting reduced 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase （17beta-HSD） activity. Lower 17beta-HSD activity via A4-steroid production in men with erythrocytosis at HA may protect against elevated serum testosterone levels, thus preventing EE. The higher conversion of DHEAS to testosterone in subjects with EE indicates increased 17beta-HSD activity via the A5-pathway. Currently, there are various situations in which people live （human biodiversity） with low or high haemoglobin levels at HA. Antiquity could be an important adaptation component for life at HA, and testosterone seems to participate in this process.展开更多
Oestrogens are not exclusive to the female gender but occur in moderate circulating levels of 25-70 pg ml^-1 in men, compared to 44- 153 pg ml^-1 in women. Arising from aromatisation of testosterone （T）, oestrogen i...Oestrogens are not exclusive to the female gender but occur in moderate circulating levels of 25-70 pg ml^-1 in men, compared to 44- 153 pg ml^-1 in women. Arising from aromatisation of testosterone （T）, oestrogen is considered to have many opposing physiological functions and the progressive T decline in the aging male is associated with relative and/or absolute increase in serum oestradiol （E2）. Sexual disinterest and erectile dysfunction （ED） in the elderly may well be due to pathophysiological E2-T imbalance; the altered hormonal ratio may also explain the higher incidence of ED in hyperestrogenism or following exposure to environmental/plant oestrogens.展开更多
文摘Our aim was to assess the impact of the association between elevated oestradiol （E2） and low testosterone （T） levels on erectile dysfunction （ED） severity. A total of 614 male patients with ED and a normal or low T level in association with normal or elevated E2 levels were enrolled. Patients underwent routine laboratory investigations in addition to measurements of total T, total E2, follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH）, luteinizing hormone （LH） and prolactin. We compared the responses to the erectile function domain, Q3 （achieving erection） and Q4 （maintaining erection） of the International Index for Erectile Function （IIEF） score in patients with the following： normal T and E2 levels; low T level; low T level and elevated E2 level; and elevated E2 level. Of the patients included, 449 （73.1%） had normal T and E2 levels, 110 （17.9%） had a low T level, 36 （5.9%） had a low T level and an elevated E2 level, and 19 （3.1%） had an elevated E2 level. Increased ED severity was significantly associated with low T levels, elevated E2 levels, and both a low T level and an elevated E2 level. Additionally, the mean values of the EF-domain, Q3 and Q4 were significantly lower in patients with both a low T level and an elevated E2 level compared to patients with any condition alone. In conclusion, a low T level had the primary effect on erectile function; however, a concomitantly elevated E2 level had an additive impairment effect.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30772510）, Ministry Health of the People＇s Republic of China （No. WKJ2006-2-008）, and Department of Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province （No. 2007C24011）.
文摘Background Estrogen is involved in suppression of colon cancer development and exerts its function via estrogen receptors α and β （ERa, ERβ）. The recently identified ERα46 resulted from exon 1-deletion from the 66-kDa full length form of ERa66 is devoid of the transactivation domain AF-1, whose function remains largely unknown. Methods In this study, we compared the expression of ERa46 mRNA in 32 normal colorectal tissues and their matched colorectal cancer tissues by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （PCR）. Human colon adenocarcinoma cell HT-29, that has low endogenous expression of ERα46, was transfected with ERα46-expression vector; methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium （MTT） assay, flow cytometry, DNA fragmentation and TUNEL staining were used to evaluate the proliferation and apoptosis status of the cells in the presence of 17β-oestradiol. Results Higher ERα46 mRNA levels were observed in normal colorectal tissues than in the corresponding cancer tissues. ERα46-transfected cells showed a significantly decreased growth rate than control cells and an accumulation of cells in the G0/1 phase and a reduced proportion of cells in G2/M phase after exposed to 10^-8 mol/L 17β-oestradiol. There were also more positive TUNEL stained cells in ERα46-transfected cells than the control cells in the presence of 17β-oestradiol （P 〈0.05）. Conclusions These data suggest that ERα46 may be involved in the development and/or progression of colorectal cancer via mediating growth inhibition and apoptosis of cancer cells in the presence of 17β-oestradiol.
文摘Populations living at high altitudes （HAs）, particularly in the Peruvian Andes, are characterized by a mixture of subjects with erythrocytosis （16 g dl-1〈haemoglobin （Hb）≤21 gdl-1） and others with excessive erythrocytosis （EE） （Hb〉21 g dl-1）. Elevated haemoglobin values （EE） are associated with chronic mountain sickness, a condition reflecting the lack of adaptation to HA. According to current data, native men from regions of HA are not adequately adapted to live at such altitudes if they have elevated serum testosterone levels. This seems to be due to an increased conversion of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate （DH EAS） to testosterone. Men with erythrocytosis at HAs show higher serum androstenedione levels and a lower testosterone/androstenedione ratio than men with EE, suggesting reduced 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase （17beta-HSD） activity. Lower 17beta-HSD activity via A4-steroid production in men with erythrocytosis at HA may protect against elevated serum testosterone levels, thus preventing EE. The higher conversion of DHEAS to testosterone in subjects with EE indicates increased 17beta-HSD activity via the A5-pathway. Currently, there are various situations in which people live （human biodiversity） with low or high haemoglobin levels at HA. Antiquity could be an important adaptation component for life at HA, and testosterone seems to participate in this process.
文摘Oestrogens are not exclusive to the female gender but occur in moderate circulating levels of 25-70 pg ml^-1 in men, compared to 44- 153 pg ml^-1 in women. Arising from aromatisation of testosterone （T）, oestrogen is considered to have many opposing physiological functions and the progressive T decline in the aging male is associated with relative and/or absolute increase in serum oestradiol （E2）. Sexual disinterest and erectile dysfunction （ED） in the elderly may well be due to pathophysiological E2-T imbalance; the altered hormonal ratio may also explain the higher incidence of ED in hyperestrogenism or following exposure to environmental/plant oestrogens.
