浅谈物联网在当今社会中的作用及应用前景

近几年来物联网技术的发展受到了人们的广泛关注。物联网是在互联网概念的基础上，使用户与用户之间实现了连接，本文以最具代表性的基于RFID的物联网应用架构、基于传感网络的物联网应用架构、基于M2M的物联网应用架构为例，对物联网的网络体系结构与服务管理体系进行了简单而详细的阐述；并且分析了物联网研究中的关键技术。

Statistical features of aftershock distribution size for moderate and large earthquakes in Chinese mainland

Based on data of earthquake sequences with Ms≥5.0 in Chinese mainland from 1970 to 2004, for different sequence types and different rupture modes of the main shock, the relationship between aftershock distribution size R and the magnitude of the main shock Mo has been studied statistically. Considering the rupture mode of the main shock, we give the quantitative statistical relationships between R and Mo under 95% confidence level for different sequence typos. Qualitatively, lgR, the logarithm of the aftershock distribution size, is positively correlative to the M0, but the data distribution is dispersed. Viewing from different sequence typos, the correlation between R and M0 is very weak for isolated earthquake type （lET） sequence, R distributes in the range from 5 to 60 km; For mainshock-aftershock type （MAT）, lgR is positively correlative to M0; For multiple main shock type （MMT）, the corelation between lgR and M0 is not very obvious when M0≤6.2 and R distributes in the range from 5 to 70 km, while it shows a linear correlation when M0≥6.3. The statistical results also show that the occupational ratios of different sequence types for strike-slip and oblique slip are almost the same. But for dip-slip （mostly are thrust mechanisms）, the ratio of MAT is higher than that of IET and MMT. Comparing with previous results, it indicates that, when M0 is large enough, R is mainly determined by M0 and there is almost no relationship with the rupture mode of the main shock.

The Effects of Natural Capital Protection on Pastoralist's Livelihood and Management Implication in the Source Region of the Yellow River, China

The interaction among different livelihood capitals is a key to generate a deeper understanding of the livelihood sustainability.In this paper,we use net income per capita(economic capital),meat and milk production per capita(physical capital),and areas of fenced pasture,livestock shelter,grassland rodent control and planted grassland(physical capital) as proxy indicators of livelihood promotion,livelihood provision,and livelihood protection respectively.By developing a correlation model between pastoralists' livelihood protection and improvement,we found that(1) there is a statistically significant correlation between the pastoralists' livelihood protection and promotion;(2) based on the maximum effect of pastoralists' livelihood promotion and provision,there is a benchmark in the effect of the intervention intensity of livelihood capital(grassland resource protection) on livelihood improvement;(3) on basis of two indicators,i.e.net income per capita and meat production per capita,the reasonable scales of fenced pasture,livestock shelter and planted grassland are less than 843,860 and 46 thousand hectares(hm2) per year respectively.With the marginal effect of livelihood protection,moderately decreased areas of fenced pasture and planted grassland,and increased area of livestock shelter is a critical to ensure pastoralist's livelihood sustainability.

Joint modelling of location and scale parameters of the skew-normal distribution

Joint location and scale models of the skew-normal distribution provide useful ex- tension for joint mean and variance models of the normal distribution when the data set under consideration involves asymmetric outcomes. This paper focuses on the maximum likelihood estimation of joint location and scale models of the skew-normal distribution. The proposed procedure can simultaneously estimate parameters in the location model and the scale model. Simulation studies and a real example are used to illustrate the proposed methodologies.

Effects of walk-off on cross-phase modulation induced modulation instability in an optical fibre with high-order dispersion

This paper investigates the effects of walk-off among optical pulses on cross-phase modulation induced modulation instability in the normal dispersion region of an optical fibre with high-order dispersion. The results indicate that, in the case of high-order dispersion, the walk-off effect takes on new characteristics and will influence considerably the shape, position and especially the number of the spectral regions of the gain spectra of modulation instability. Not only the group-velocity mismatch, but also the difference of the third-order dispersion of two optical waves will alter the gain spectra of modulation instability but in different ways. Depending on the values of the walk-off parameters, the number of the spectral regions may increase from two to at most four, and the spectral shape and position may change too.

Staining neurons with Golgi techniques in degenerative diseases ofthe brain

A detailed morphological study of neurons in healthy and pathological conditions requires reasonably a number of special techniques, which may visualize the majority of neu- rons in a thick three-dimensional arrangement. A detailed visualization of neurons must include the cell body, most of the dendritic arbor, the dendritic spines, the axon, the axonal collaterals and the synapses. An ideal morphological technique for the study of degeneration and regeneration processes of the central nervous system must also visualize clearly the long and short neuronal circuits, as well as the dendritic and axonal bands and tracks.

Laparoscopic management of a two staged gall bladder torsion

Gall bladder torsion(GBT) is a relatively uncommon entity and rarely diagnosed preoperatively. A constant factor in all occurrences of GBT is a freely mobile gall bladder due to congenital or acquired anomalies. GBT is commonly observed in elderly white females. We report a 77-year-old, Caucasian lady who was originally diagnosed as gall bladder perforation but was eventually found with a two staged torsion of the gall bladder with twisting of the Riedel's lobe(part of tongue like projection of liver segment 4A). This together, has not been reported in literature, to the best of our knowledge. We performed laparoscopic cholecystectomy and she had an uneventful postoperative period. GBT may create a diagnostic dilemma in the context of acute cholecystitis. Timely diagnosis and intervention is necessary, with extra care while operating as the anatomy is generally distorted. The fundus first approach can be useful due to altered anatomy in the region of Calot's triangle. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has the benefit of early recovery.

Fund balance of payments equilibrium perspective study birth insurance system in China

The balance of payments is birth insurance fund raising and using the basic principle, from the Angle of the fund balance of payments to the maternity insurance system in China has very strong theory significance and practical significance. Birth insurance is an important part of social security system, has the protection of women＇s health, improve population quality, guarantee the importance of women＇s equal employment, and more attention from the whole society, but there exist many obstacles in the process of implementation and resistance. This article obtains from the national birth insurance fund balance of payments, by combining it with the ginseng of birth insurance, enjoy treatment number, per capita salary level, worker year, per capita average wage level is found hidden in the maternity insurance system in China problems and contradictions, in order to provide feasible Suggestions for maternity insurance system in China.

A Method of Assessing Parameters of Air-Void Structure in Air-Entrained Concretes

The air-void size distribution and number of air voids are crucial characteristics of air-entrainment. The standard spacing factor L is based on the Powers model, in which considerable simplifications are assumed. A better solution is provided by the Philleo factor, which determines the percentage content of protected paste located at a distance S from the edge of the nearest air void. Developing the concept put forward by Philleo, a method of determining the volume of protected paste on the basis of images generated from the numerical model of concrete grain structure including layout of aggregate-paste-air, is proposed. It is the ratio of the volume of the paste protected by air voids to the total paste volume. The PPV （protected paste volume） index accounts not only for sizes and number of air voids, but also for the role of aggregate particles in the placement of these pores, which is often disregarded in analyses. The PPV results obtained from image analysis were compared with standard spacing factor L and with the parameter developed by Philleo. The analyses conducted by the authors shows that accounting for aggregate grains in calculations substantially affects the assessment of the quality of the air-pore structure.

Dalai＇s Choice of Bainqen＇s Reincarnation is Illegal──Resolution of the Third Session of the Sixth People＇s Congress ofthe Tibet Autonomous Region

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Complex Cyber-Physical Networks： From Cybersecurity to Security Control

Complex cyber-physical network refers to a new generatio~ of complex networks whose normal functioning significantly relies on tight interactions between its physical and cyber compo- nents. Many modern critical infrastructures can be appropriately modelled as complex cyber-physical networks. Typical examples of such infrastructures are electrical power grids, WWW, public trans- portation systems, state financial networks, and the Interact. These critical facilities play important roles in ensuring the stability of society as well as the development of economy. Advances in informa- tion and communication technology open opportunities for malicious attackers to launch coordinated attacks on cyber-physical critical facilities in networked infrastructures from any Interact-accessible place. Cybersecurity of complex cyber-physical networks has emerged as a hot topic within this con- text. In practice, it is also very crucial to understand the interplay between the evolution of underlying network structures and the collective dynamics on these complex networks and consequently to design efficient security control strategies to protect the evolution of these networks. In this paper, cybersecu- rity of complex cyber-physical networks is first outlined and then some security enhancing techniques, with particular emphasis on safety communications, attack detection and fault-tolerant control, are suggested. Furthermore, a new class of efficient secure the achievement of desirable pinning synchronization control strategies are proposed for guaranteeing behaviors in complex cyber-physical networks against malicious attacks on nodes. The authors hope that this paper motivates to design enhanced security strategies for complex cyber-physical network systems, to realize resilient and secure critical infrastructures.

The rescue, conservation, and restoration of heritase sites in the ethnic minority areas ravased by the Wenchuan earthquake

Stockaded villages of the Qiang nationality that are made up of watchtowers and watch-houses are an important part of its cultural heritage. The earliest documentary records of its blockhouse-styled construction can be found in Biography of the Ethnic Minority Groups in Southwest China of History of Eastern Hart. In 2006, watchtowers and stockaded villages of the Qiang nationality was placed in the preparatory declaration list of world cultural heritage .in China and became a minority architectural heritage that is of potential value for world cultural heritage. The Wenchuan earthquake, which happened on May 12th, 2008, caused severe damage to settlements of the Qiangs in the upper reaches of Min River, including the ＂Tangping Qiang village,＂ which plays a prominent role in Qiang stockaded villages. In conserving this important architectural heritage, we observe the idea ＂everything for heritage value＂. We discuss and draw up a series of salvage conservation countermeasures and research for antiseimatic key technology during post-earthquake reconstruction period of Tibetan and Qiang settlement engineering projects, including six engineering principles on priority of structure rescue, heritage vatue, former address maintenance, traditional way of use, protection against and mitigation of earthquake disasters, and spot cleaning and separating. We draw up three rules in engineering strategy, namely： （1） we should follow ultimate orientation of heritage value protection in rescue, maintenance, and protection engineering; （2） degrees of priority of engineering measures should be differentiated according to the situation of the disaster and residential situations of stockaded villages and; （3） we should keeplocal smiths and conventional art as the base, and modern technology as a supplement in rescue, maintenance, and protection engineering.

Environment And Tasks In 1997——Abstract from the report given by Zhang Xiaoyu at the 4th session ofthe 3rd councilmeeting of CAAM held during 21 to 22, 1997 in Beijing.

Ⅰ. The Environment For The Development Of China’s Auto Industry In 1997 1. Macro-economic environment As the second year of 9th Five-Year Plan, 1997 will be a very important year in China’s history. For promoting the two basic changements, the moderately restricted fiscal & monetary policies will continue for reducing the inflation with some flexible tactics to be used,