Simultaneous detection of CH_(4)and CO_(2)through dual modulation off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy

This study established a novel method for the simultaneous detection of two-component gases.Radio frequency(RF)white noise disturbance laser current and wavelength modulation were simultaneously used to improve the off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy technique,and a high-precision dual modulation OA-ICOS(RF-WM-OA-ICOS)system was established.The two laser beams were coupled into one laser beam that was applied incident to the cavity of RF-WM-OA-ICOS system.The second harmonic signals of CH_(4)and CO_(2)gas simultaneously appeared in the rising or falling edge of a triangular wave.This method was used to measure CH_(4)and CO_(2)with different concentrations.The results indicated that the proposed system has high stability and can accurately and simultaneously measure the concentrations of CH_(4)and CO_(2),with an optimal integration time of 220 s.The minimum detection limit was 10 ppb for CH_(4)and 1.5 ppm for CO_(2).The corresponding noise equivalent absorption sensitivity values were calculated as 2.67×10^(-13)cm^(-1)·Hz^(-1/2)and 5.18×10^(-11)cm^(-1)·Hz^(-1/2),respectively.The proposed dual-component gas simultaneous detection method can also be used for high-precision simultaneous detection of other gases.Therefore,this study may serve as a reference for developing portable multicomponent gas analyzers.

High gain and circularly polarized substrate integrated waveguide cavity antenna array based on metasurface

Two substrate integrated waveguide(SIW) cavity antenna arrays based on metasurface are proposed in this paper. By rotating the metasurface element, circularly polarized and high gain antennas are achieved respectively. Firstly, multi-mode resonance theory is employed to broaden the bandwidth of the slot antenna. And then, an SIW cavity composed of 4×4 cornercut elements is added on the top of the slot antenna to achieve the circular polarization and improve the front-to-back ratio. Thirdly, the metasurface elements are sequentially rotated and a high gain antenna with 2-dBi enhancement on average in the operation band is obtained. Based on the two antenna units, two 2×2 antenna arrays are designed. The circularly polarized and high gain antenna arrays are both fabricated to verify the correctness. Furthermore, the novel wideband phase shifter is employed in the circularly polarized antenna to obtain an operating bandwidth of 38%(4.05 GHz–5.95 GHz)and AR bandwidth of 24.9%(4.4 GHz–5.65 GHz). The bandwidth of the high gain antenna can reach 42.7%(3.95 GHz–6.1 GHz) and with the gain enhancement of 2 dBi compared with that of the circularly polarized antenna. The gain remains steady in most of operating band within a variation of 1 dBi. It is remarkable that the rotating of the metasurface element has a great influence on the antenna performance, which provides a new explication for the multi-function antenna design.

Asymmetrical Fabry-Perot cavity slot micro-ring resonator and its sensing characteristics

To achieve high quality factor and high-sensitivity refractive index sensor,a slot micro-ring resonator(MRR)based on asymmetric Fabry-Perot(FP)cavity was proposed.The structure consisted of a pair of elliptical holes to form an FP cavity and a microring resonator.The two different optical modes generated by the micro-ring resonator were destructively interfered to form a Fano line shape,which improved the system sensitivity while obtaining a higher quality factor and extinction ratio.The transmission principle of the structure was analyzed by the transfer matrix method.The transmission spectrum and mode field distribution of the proposed structure were simulated by the finite difference time domain(FDTD)method,and the key structural parameters affecting the Fano line shape in the device were optimized.The simulation results show that the quality factor of the device reached 22037.1,and the extinction ratio was 23.9 dB.By analyzing the refractive index sensing characteristics,the sensitivity of the structure was 354 nm·RIU−1,and the detection limit of the sensitivity was 2×10−4 RIU.Thus,the proposed compact asymmetric FP cavity slot micro-ring resonator has obvious advantages in sensing applications owing to its excellent performance.

Equilibrator-based measurements of dissolved methane in the surface ocean using an integrated cavity output laser absorption spectrometer

A new off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy （ICOS） is coupled to Weiss equilibrator for continuous high- resolution dissolved methane measurement in the surface ocean. The time constant for the equilibrator in freshwater at room temperature is determined via dis-equilibration and re-equilibration experiments. The constant for methane is about 40 min. The system is calibrated using a standard gas of 3.980×10-6, and the precision of the ICOS for methane is 0.07%. This system is equipped onboard to measure the spatial distribution in methane concentrations of South Yellow Sea （SYS） along the cruise track from Shanghai to Qingdao. Result shows that the methane concentration varies from 2.79 to 36.36 nmol/L, reveals a significant pattern of methane source in SYS, and a distinct decreasing trend from south to north. The peak value occurs at the coast area outside mouth of the Changjiang River, likely to be affected by the Changjiang diluted water mass dissolving a large amount of rich in methane. Moreover, all the surface waters are oversaturated, air-to-sea fluxes range from 98.59 to 5 485.35 μmol/（m2·d） （average value （1 169.74±1 398.46） μmol/（m2·d））, indicating a source region for methane to the atmosphere. Key words： methane, equilibrator, off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy （ICOS）, South Yellow Sea

Nonparaxial propagation of a vectorial apertured off-axis Lorentz beam

Based on the vectorial Ftayleigh-Sommerfeld integral formula and the complex Gaussian expansion of the hardedge aperture function, an analytical propagation expression for a nonparaxial vectorial off-axis Lorentz beam passing through a rectangular aperture is derived. The unapertured case, the far field expression and the scalar paraxial result are also presented as special cases of the general formulae, respectively. Some numerical examples are also given to show the propagation characteristics of a nonparaxial vectorial off-axis Lorentz beam through a rectangular aperture. It is indicated that the f parameter, the off-axis displacement and the truncation parameter all play an important role in determining nonparaxial propagation behaviour.

塔里木盆地顺北油气田少井高产地质工程一体化做法与关键技术

塔里木盆地顺北油气田埋藏深度为7300~9000m,脆性地层破碎形成的缝洞型储层沿高陡走滑断裂带发育,断裂破碎带内部非均质性极强,且流体性质差异大。面对这类超深复杂的断控缝洞型油气藏,高效成井面临世界级挑战,单井费用高,效益开发难度大,没有现成的经验、技术可借鉴。顺北油气田以项目管理为抓手,建立了独有的“五有五提升”地质工程一体化管理模式,创新形成了“少井高产”七要素关键技术。近几年,少井高产地质工程一体化实现了质的飞跃,落实了4号、8号断裂带2个亿吨级资源阵地,新增石油探明储量为1.53×10^(8)t、天然气探明储量为1620×10^(8)m^(3),4号断裂带共部署井位20口,两年建成了130×10^(4)t油当量产能阵地。与2016年开发动用的1号断裂带相比,高产井成功率提升了35%、单井产能提升了316%、单井发现探明储量提升了55%,实现了高效勘探,效益开发,其经验对其他同类型油藏开发具有较好的借鉴意义。

超深层断控碳酸盐岩油藏地质力学建模及其在开发中的应用

为提高超深断控碳酸盐岩油藏的开发效益,通过开展大尺寸岩样力学实验,揭示高角度—近直立断裂面变形与连通机理;基于高压注水提采的力学与流动耦合原理,通过地质力学建模,明确了断控碳酸盐岩油藏现今地应力场和断裂活动性分布规律;发现不同方位的断裂活动性以及不同部位的缝洞体连通性有明显差异,进而分析了不同井眼轨迹的开发效果,提出了地质工程一体化工作方法,科学指导井眼轨迹设计和注水方案优化。结果表明:①走滑断裂变形中的大尺度破碎体和高角度裂缝系统是影响储层品质的关键因素,高压注水一方面能够激活先存裂缝,一方面还能在先存裂缝基础上发生延伸扩展,甚至可以产生新的裂缝,促进了断控缝洞体在纵横向上的互相连通;②高压注水过程中断裂体内部发生力学与流动之间的耦合变化,渗流环境得到改善,通过循环举升,从而提高油气采收率;③根据断裂体形态、产状以及断裂面动态剪切变形连通性,可优选定向井最佳井点和井眼轨迹,并优化注水方案;④塔里木盆地断控油藏试验区通过高压注水,采收率提高5个百分点,该方法为超深断控型油藏高效开发提供了较好的理论依据和技术支撑。

施工-地质双驱动的地下洞室有害气体浓度智能预测方法

地下洞室有害气体浓度与开挖方案、地质条件等密切相关,开展施工-地质影响下的有害气体浓度精准预测对于施工安全管理具有重要意义。然而,有害气体监测数据有用信息难被提取,爆破参数、基岩类别等特征与有害气体浓度间存在非线性耦合,基于此,本研究提出融合沙普利加性解释(SHAP)理论的集成学习有害气体浓度智能预测方法。通过主成分分析(PCA)进行特征预处理,运用树结构贝叶斯优化(TPE)算法迭代寻求CatBoost有害气体浓度预测模型最优超参数组,引入SHAP解释框架,探寻有害气体排放浓度重要影响因子。以金沙江旭龙水电站导流洞工程为例,研究结果表明:对比CatBoost、TPE-XGBoost以及TPE-LightGBM模型,TPE-CatBoost模型均方根误差(RMSE)分别降低了48.9%、40.2%、36.8%,具有更高预测精度;融合SHAP理论发现PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)浓度与爆破方案关联更为密切,CO、CO_(2)浓度受地下水状态等地质条件影响更大。

空腔效应对集成黑体高温发射率测量影响规律研究

提出集成黑体法中的非等温边界空腔效应修正因子的理论模型。基于有限元思想,开展不同发射率样品、特定温场下的非等温边界空腔效应修正因子理论计算,与基于蒙特卡洛光线追迹法获得的修正因子比对,两者具有良好的一致性,最大偏差不超过2.5%,结果均表明波长越长、样品发射率越低,空腔效应对发射率测量结果影响越大。在1000℃温度下、12~14μm波长范围对铂金材料样品发射率进行实验,并与基于分立黑体法的发射率测量结果比对,经修正后的集成黑体法与分立黑体法的一致性从0.09提升至0.03,该结果验证了引入非等温边界空腔效应修正因子的理论模型的可行性,同时提高了该方法测量发射率的准确性。

中国盐穴储氢关键技术现状及展望

随着中国“双碳”目标的推进,传统化石能源正向可再生清洁能源转型。氢能具有来源广、能量密度高和高效清洁等特点,已成为未来重要的能源构成。盐穴的气密性优势明显,且盐与氢气不发生反应,是地下大规模储氢的首选。为聚焦中国盐穴储氢技术研究和未来发展,分析了储氢地质类型及特征,详细阐述了盐穴储氢研究进展和国外运营现状;围绕盐穴储氢技术,深入剖析了大尺寸钻完井、盐穴造腔及形态控制、腔体密封性评价、井筒完整性检测及评价、管材腐蚀及氢脆控制等关键技术;总结了近年来各国制定的相关氢能政策和战略目标,结合我国盐穴储氢未来发展的机遇和挑战,对盐穴储氢地质选择和评估、大尺寸井筒完整性、盐穴造腔形态控制和密封性检测、氢能和盐业有机协同发展进行了展望,以期推进氢能规模化应用与产业链发展。研究结果为中国盐穴储氢发展和规划提供了技术参考。

基于离轴积分腔输出光谱技术的二氧化碳测量

利用1.573μm的分布反馈式二极管激光器作为光源,搭建了一套基于离轴积分腔输出光谱(ICOS)的二氧化碳(CO_(2))气体检测装置。选取CO_(2)在6358.65 cm^(-1)处,线强为1.732×10^(-2)3cm^(-1)/(molecule·cm^(-2))的吸收谱线,测量了密封腔体内400×10^(-6)的CO_(2)直接吸收信号。实验结果表明在镜片反射率为99.98%和60 cm腔长内,实现了2.4 km的有效光程,系统的线性度为0.996。通过长时间测量密封腔体内的CO_(2)直接吸收信号,根据Allan曲线分析得到系统最佳积分时间为98.3 s,最小可探测极限为0.63×10^(-6)。最后,实验室环境测试实验结果表明室内CO_(2)浓度值变化符合实验室人员活动作息规律,验证了测量装置的可靠性和稳定性,同时为室内CO_(2)排放管理提供实用的科学依据。

X波段MEMS硅腔折叠基片集成波导环行器芯片

通信系统向小型化、高性能、集成化的快速发展对射频组件的体积和电性能提出了苛刻的要求。设计了一种X波段硅腔折叠基片集成波导(FSIW)环行器芯片。当基片集成波导(SIW)工作于主模时,将中央的对称面等效为虚拟磁壁,沿着窄边对电磁场进行多次折叠,形成FSIW。以该技术作为设计思路,提高空间利用率,实现了FSIW整体结构的小型化。将FSIW的优势融入环行器中心结设计,使设计的环行器芯片具有高功率容量、低插入损耗、体积小、质量轻的优点。基于微电子机械系统(MEMS)工艺,以高阻硅为衬底材料,制备了该硅腔FSIW环行器芯片,芯片整体尺寸为6.5 mm×6 mm×2.5 mm,工作频率为8.5~11.5 GHz,回波损耗>18.5 dB,带内插入损耗<0.4 dB,隔离度>20 dB。

太阳能光伏蒸发冷却通风空腔的实验研究

针对光伏组件在建筑外围护结构应用时所面临的光伏组件产热导致工作温度升高、发电效率降低,以及其对建筑冷热负荷的潜在影响等瓶颈问题,提出了太阳能光伏蒸发冷却通风空腔的解决方案。该方案涉及将光伏电池安装于建筑外围护结构表面,并与建筑墙体保持一定距离以形成通风空腔,同时在光伏电池背板一侧布置蒸发冷却装置。通过搭建室外测试平台进行对照实验,研究了蒸发冷却效应对太阳能光伏通风腔体各组件热湿性能的影响及其电性能的变化情况。结果显示,具有蒸发冷却的通风腔体在光伏正面、光伏背板、空腔背板以及空腔内部的降温效果显著。相较于未配置蒸发冷却的通风腔体,这些部分的平均温度分别降低了约3.7、7.6、4.5、3.9℃,降幅分别为10.2%、20.8%、13.6%、11.9%。同时,具备蒸发冷却的通风腔体的全天平均电功率相较于未配置蒸发冷却的通风腔体提升了约15.9%。验证了蒸发冷却技术在降低光伏组件工作温度,提高光伏组件发电效率方面的有效性,为光伏建筑一体化的进一步应用提供了数据支撑。

Array for 980nm Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Diodes and Detectors

Both the vertical cavity surface emitting diodes and detectors are fabricated by using the epitaxial wafer with resonant cavity structure.Their characteristics are analyzed.The light emitters have high spectral purity of 4 8nm and high electroluminescence intensity of 0 7mW while injection current is 50mA.A 1×16 array of surface emitting light device is tested on line by probes and then used for module.The light detectors have wavelength selectivity and space selectivity.The required difference in input mirror reflectivity between emitters and detectors can easily be achieved though varying the numbers of top DBR period by etching.

缝洞型碳酸盐岩储气库地应力变化特征及力学完整性研究

缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层非均质性极强,储集空间结构和渗流关系复杂,为地应力分析、注采参数选择、力学完整性评价带来了诸多挑战。因此,为进一步明确缝洞型碳酸盐岩储气库运行过程中的地应力变化、保证储气库运行过程中的力学完整性、提高上限压力,建立机理模型,分析缝洞型碳酸盐岩储气库应力分布特征及四维地应力变化规律,同时评价不同介质力学完整性。结果表明:①缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层相较于均质储层在缝洞处应力集中较为明显,尤其溶洞边界易出现应力的极小值;②缝洞处孔隙压力及应力变化更为剧烈,储气库运行过程中溶洞边界更易发生剪切或张拉破坏;③在采气过程中,溶洞边界沿最小主应力方向更易发生剪切破坏,注气过程中,溶洞边界沿最大主应力方向更易发生张拉破坏;④缝洞型储层整体相较于均质储层更易在注气过程发生张拉或剪切破坏,采气过程缝洞型储层整体较为安全,但洞周围更易发生剪切破坏。研究成果可为缝洞型碳酸盐岩储气库地应力分析和力学完整性评价工作提供理论及方法支撑。

用于离轴积分腔输出光谱的非对称拟合算法设计

目的:研究离轴积分腔光谱技术(OA-ICOS)在实际应用中快速的激光扫描造成吸收谱线非对称,而传统的线型拟合函数无法满足,导致拟合误差大,测量精度低的问题。方法:介绍了一种基于OA-ICOS的非对称拟合算法用于拟合非对称吸收谱线,提升测量精度。该算法从OA-ICOS的原理出发分析导致谱线非对称的原因,并结合Voigt线型函数引入非对称特征,获得含非对称因子的谱线拟合函数。结果:在实验中,分别设置激光扫描频率为50 Hz、150 Hz、300 Hz时,利用Voigt拟合算法得到的吸收峰中心位置偏移量分别为4×10^(-3) cm^(-1)、4.8×10^(-3) cm^(-1)、6.2×10^(-3) cm^(-1),使用非对称拟合算法得到的吸收峰位置偏移仅分别为2.4×10^(-3) cm^(-1)、2.4×10^(-3) cm^(-1)、1.5×10^(-3) cm^(-1)左右。结论:在快速激光扫描频率下,该算法能够更准确地拟合非对称吸收光谱信号,从而提高了拟合精度。

集成灶排气孔位对蒸烤性能及食物烹饪效果的影响研究

目前市场上常见的集成灶蒸烤腔体内部的排气孔都设置在靠近腔体底部的位置,低于外部进气箱上的排气孔位,长期使用后,易造成蒸烤腔体内部排气孔污水回流,严重影响用户体验。为彻底解决这一用户痛点,需将腔体内部排气孔位进行上移,外部进气箱上排气孔位进行下移,确保其位置高于进气箱排气孔位,形成“内高外低”。通过对集成灶排气孔位置改变前与改变后腔体蒸烤性能及食物烹饪效果对比测试,结果表明,蒸烤一体集成灶排气孔位置改变后微观上腔体蒸烤性能变差,但宏观上对食物烹饪效果差异不大;蒸烤独立集成灶排气孔位置改变后微观上腔体蒸烤性能变好,宏观上对食物烹饪效果几乎无差异。因此为解决蒸烤腔体内部污水回流问题,可以将排气孔位置做出调整。

集成微光学陀螺研究现状、发展趋势和挑战

随着集成光子学和微纳工艺的飞速发展,微光学陀螺以其在芯片化、集成化上的优势广泛应用于下一代高精度小型化惯性导航系统中,在国防武器、微型飞行器以及无人机器控制等领域发挥重要作用。充分调研了国内外微光学陀螺研制方案及研究现状,介绍了包括干涉式、谐振式、布里渊散射式光学陀螺以及微光机电陀螺等四类微光学陀螺的工作原理和性能指标;光学微腔作为微光学陀螺中角速度核心敏感器件,其性能直接决定着陀螺系统精度指标,因此充分论述了氮化硅波导以及回音壁模式等新体制微腔的特性及优点,并针对其传输损耗、品质因子和陀螺性能等指标进行了对比和分析;最后总结了微光学陀螺芯片化的发展趋势以及在分立元器件性能提升、系统耦合与封装上遇到的机遇和挑战。

Dynamic stress concentration and scattering of SH-wave by interface elliptic cylindrical cavity

In this paper,the dynamic stress concentration and scattering of SH-waves by bi-material structures that possess an interface elliptic cavity are investigated.First,by using the complex function method,the Green's function is constructed.This yields the solution of the displacement field for an elastic half space with a semi-elliptic canyon impacted by an anti-plane harmonic line source loading on the horizontal surface.Then,the problem is divided into an upper and lower half space along the horizontal interface,regarded as a harmony model.In order to satisfy the integral continuity condition, the unknown anti-plane forces are applied to the interface.The integral equations with unknown forces can be established through the continuity condition,and after transformation,the algebraic equations are solved numerically.Finally,the distribution of the dynamic stress concentration factor(DSCF)around the elliptic cavity is given and the effect of different parameters on DSCF is discussed.

Dynamic response of cylindrical cavity to anti-plane impact load by using analytical approach

The transient response of an unlimited cylindrical cavity buried in the infinite elastic soil subjected to an anti-plane impact load along the cavern axis direction was studied.Using Laplace transform combining with contour integral of the Laplace inverse transform specifically,the general analytical expressions of the soil displacement and stress are obtained in the time domain,respectively.And the numerical solutions of the problem computed by analytical expressions are presented.In the time domain,the dynamic responses of the infinite elastic soil are analyzed,and the calculation results are compared with those from numerical inversion proposed by Durbin and the static results.One observes good agreement between analytical and numerical inversion results,lending the further support to the method presented.Finally,some valuable shear wave propagation laws are gained: the displacement of the soil remains zero before the wave arrival,and after the shear wave arrival,the stress and the displacement at this point increase abruptly,then reduce and tend to the static value gradually at last.The wave attenuates along the radial,therefore the farther the wave is from the source,the smaller the stress and the displacement are,and the stress and the displacement are just functions of the radial distance from the axis.