Research on Effects of Remediation by Fertilization on Off-Balanced Fluvo-aquic Soils in Nutrient

[Objective] The research aimed to study the effects of fertilization on soil remediation.[Method]Pot fertilizer tests were conducted to remedy the soils which had off-balanced in nutrients resulted by long-term unreasonable fertilization.[Result]The results showed that applying NPK fertilizers with manure was the best method to restore the soil nutrients and increase soil fertility and crop yield;NPK and NP fertilizers could balance soil fertility and increase crop yields,the effects were the same and next to MNPK.Phosphate and nitrogen respectively had the similar restoring effect with NPK fertilizers on soil from long-term NK and PK treatments.[Conclusion]Crops in soil with long-term applying NPK fertilizers had strong dependence on fertilizers.The yields of corn and wheat decreased by 78.6% and 52.8% respectively after stopping applying fertilizers.Meanwhile,The yields of corn and wheat increased by 112% and 182% respectively after stopping applying fertilizers in NK treatment as well as 15.1% and 59% in PK treatment.Manure had strong and last effect on increasing yield.

Carbon emission trading system and stock price crash risk of heavily polluting listed companies in China:based on analyst coverage mechanism

This study reveals the inconsistencies between the negative externalities of carbon emissions and the recognition condition of accounting statements.Hence,the study identifies that heavily polluting enterprises in China have severe off-balance sheet carbon reduction risks before implementing the carbon emission trading system(CETS).Through the staggered difference-in-difference(DID)model and the propen-sity score matching-DID model,the impact of CETS on reducing the risk of stock price crashes is examined using data from China’s A-share heavily polluting listed companies from 2007 to 2019.The results of this study are as follows:(1)CETS can significantly reduce the risk of stock price crashes for heavily polluting companies in the pilot areas.Specifically,CETS reduces the skewness(negative conditional skewness)and down-to-up volatility of the firm-specific weekly returns by 8.7%and 7.6%,respectively.(2)Heterogeneity analysis further shows that the impacts of CETS on the risk of stock price crashes are more significant for heavily polluting enterprises with the bear market condition,short-sighted management,and intensive air pollution.(3)Mechanism tests show that CETS can reduce analysts’coverage of heavy polluters,reducing the risk of stock price crashes.This study reveals the role of CETS from the stock price crash risk perspective and helps to clarify the relationship between climatic risk and corporate financial risk.

Relationship between Sea Surface Single Carrier Waves and Decreasing Pressures of Atmosphere Lower Boundary

Descriptions of unusually high waves appearing on the sea surface for a short time (freak, rogue or killer waves) have been considered as a part of marine folklore for a long time. A number of instrumental registrations have appeared recently making the community to pay more attention to this problem and to reconsider known observations of freak waves. To allow a better understanding of the behavior of rogue waves associated with tornadoes in terms of their origin, the nonlinear theory of off-balance systems is developed in the specific case of strong agitations constantly seen on the surface of extensive and deep rivers, when they are crossed by an atmosphere’s low pressure system (tornadoes, cyclones, hurricanes, etc.). A mathematical model based on the Navier-Stokes and Euler Lagrange equations coupled with assumptions derived from instrumental registrations on the training locations (or birth places) of freak waves is developed to enhance the physics of processes responsible for the formation (or origin) of the waves associated with atmosphere’s low pressure systems. Freak waves births’ constraints are mainly the need for both consistent water (i.e., extensive-deep rivers) and potential velocity flow availabilities. Numerical simulations, based on the use of the NLSE (Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation) are performed to validate our mathematical model on the births of single carrier waves associated with atmosphere’s low pressure systems.

Off- balance- sheet Information Disclosure of Listed Bank Derivative Financial Instruments

With China＇s progressive multi-level capital market strategic direction, as well as the gradual implementation of the mixed operation of commercial banks. Derivative financial instruments will be further developed in commercial banks. This paper focuses on the information disclosure of derivative financial instruments by commercial banks, combined with the standard of disclosure of off-balance-sheet information of international derivative financial instruments, using the disclosure index and project disclosure ratio to analyze the disclosure of derivative financial instruments of listed banks in our country, Off-balance sheet information disclosure, and puts forward suggestions on how to further improve the quality of off-balance-sheet information disclosure of derivative financial instruments in China.