We propose the supereonneetion formalism to construct the off-shell BRST-VSUSY superalgebra for D = 4 BF theories. The method is based on the natural introduction of physical fields as well as auxiliary fields via sup...We propose the supereonneetion formalism to construct the off-shell BRST-VSUSY superalgebra for D = 4 BF theories. The method is based on the natural introduction of physical fields as well as auxiliary fields via supereon- neetions and their associated supereurvatures defined on a superspaee. We also give a prescription to build the off-shell BRST-VSUSY exact quantum action.展开更多
This paper reviews the science of the optical near-field(ONF),which is created and localized in a nanometer-sized material(NM)or on its surface.It is pointed out that work on near-field optics was started in order to ...This paper reviews the science of the optical near-field(ONF),which is created and localized in a nanometer-sized material(NM)or on its surface.It is pointed out that work on near-field optics was started in order to break through the diffraction limit in optical microscopy and had already come to an end without giving answers to the essential questions on the origin of the near-field optical interaction.However,recent studies have reincarnated these studies and identified the ONF as an off-shell quantum field.Based on this identification,a novel science called off-shell science has started on the basis that the dispersion relation between energy and momentum is invalid for the ONF.This quantum field is called the dressed photon because it is created as a result of the interaction between photons and electrons(or excitons)in a NM and,thus,it accompanies the energies of electrons or excitons.In reviewing current developments,this paper presents fifteen novel phenomena that are contrary to the common views in conventional optical science.Novel technologies developed by applying these phenomena are also reviewed.These include:nanometer-sized optical devices,nano-fabrication technology,and energy conversion technology.High-power Si light emitting diodes,Si lasers,and SiC polarization rotators are reviewed as examples of electrical to optical energy conversion.For future directions,this paper also reviews novel theoretical studies that have commenced recently by relying on physical and mathematical bases.展开更多
基金Acknowledgment M. Tahiri would like to thank the Alexander von Humboldt Stiftung for support and Prof. W. Rfihl （Department of Physics, Kaiserslautern University of Technology） for hospitality.
文摘We propose the supereonneetion formalism to construct the off-shell BRST-VSUSY superalgebra for D = 4 BF theories. The method is based on the natural introduction of physical fields as well as auxiliary fields via supereon- neetions and their associated supereurvatures defined on a superspaee. We also give a prescription to build the off-shell BRST-VSUSY exact quantum action.
文摘This paper reviews the science of the optical near-field(ONF),which is created and localized in a nanometer-sized material(NM)or on its surface.It is pointed out that work on near-field optics was started in order to break through the diffraction limit in optical microscopy and had already come to an end without giving answers to the essential questions on the origin of the near-field optical interaction.However,recent studies have reincarnated these studies and identified the ONF as an off-shell quantum field.Based on this identification,a novel science called off-shell science has started on the basis that the dispersion relation between energy and momentum is invalid for the ONF.This quantum field is called the dressed photon because it is created as a result of the interaction between photons and electrons(or excitons)in a NM and,thus,it accompanies the energies of electrons or excitons.In reviewing current developments,this paper presents fifteen novel phenomena that are contrary to the common views in conventional optical science.Novel technologies developed by applying these phenomena are also reviewed.These include:nanometer-sized optical devices,nano-fabrication technology,and energy conversion technology.High-power Si light emitting diodes,Si lasers,and SiC polarization rotators are reviewed as examples of electrical to optical energy conversion.For future directions,this paper also reviews novel theoretical studies that have commenced recently by relying on physical and mathematical bases.
