To explore the parking pricing of multiple parking facilities, this paper proposes a bi-level programming model, in which the interactions between parking operators and travelers are explicitly considered. The upper-l...To explore the parking pricing of multiple parking facilities, this paper proposes a bi-level programming model, in which the interactions between parking operators and travelers are explicitly considered. The upper-level sub-model simulates the price decision-making behaviors of the parking operators whose objectives may vary under different operation regimes, such as monopoly market, oligopoly competition, and social optimum. The lower level represents a network equilibrium model that simulates how travelers choose modes, routes, and parking facilities. The proposed model is solved by a sensitivity based algorithm, and applied to a numerical experiment, in which three types of parking facilities are studied, i.e., the off-road parking lot, the curb parking lot, and the parking-and-ride (P&R) facility. The results show in oligopoly market that the level of parking price reaches the lowest point, nonetheless the social welfare decreases to the lowest simultaneously;and the share of P&R mode goes to the highest value, however the total network costs rise also to the highest. While the monopoly market and the social optimum regimes result in solutions of which P&R facilities suffer negative profits and have to be subsidized.展开更多
As the number of motor vehicles increasing rapidly, urban parking has become an intolerable problem in major cities in China. Parking facility service evaluations play an important role in urban transportation plannin...As the number of motor vehicles increasing rapidly, urban parking has become an intolerable problem in major cities in China. Parking facility service evaluations play an important role in urban transportation planning and operation. This paper introduces an LOS （level of service） concept based on a comprehensive parking study in Beijing, China. The LOS methodology is developed by an integrated evaluation model that reflects the user＇s perception of the quality of service. The method combines four important service variables, namely the ratio of peak-hour demand to capacity, average parking space occupying rate, parking cost, and circulation time, into one single index to quantitatively evaluate a parking facility＇s performance. The case studies at the end of the paper demonstrate the applicability of the method.展开更多
Urban park is an important outdoor leisure space for urban citizens. The public facility in urban park is a functional environmental element connecting human beings and environment. Through analyzing the present situa...Urban park is an important outdoor leisure space for urban citizens. The public facility in urban park is a functional environmental element connecting human beings and environment. Through analyzing the present situation and application of public facilities in urban parks of Nanjing City, the existing problems and countermeasures were pointed out, in order to provide theoretical references for the construction of public facility in the urban parks.展开更多
An e-tag used on the freeway is a kind of passive sensors composed of sensors and radio- frequency identification （RFID） tags. The principle of the electronic toll collection system is that the sensor emits radio wa...An e-tag used on the freeway is a kind of passive sensors composed of sensors and radio- frequency identification （RFID） tags. The principle of the electronic toll collection system is that the sensor emits radio waves touching the e-tag within a certain range, the e-tag will respond to the radio waves by induction, and the sensor will read and write information of the vehicles. Although the RFID technology is popularly used in campus management systems, there is no e-tag technology application used in a campus parking system. In this paper, we use the e-tag technology on a campus parking management system based on the cloud-based construction. By this, it helps to achieve automated and standardized management of the campus parking system, enhance management efficiency, reduce the residence time of the vehicles at the entrances and exits, and improve the efficiency of vehicles parked at the same time.展开更多
Taking into account problems existing in urban children’s recreational spaces, this paper mainly discussed the method to design natural children’s recreational spaces and facilities, analyzed the characteristics and...Taking into account problems existing in urban children’s recreational spaces, this paper mainly discussed the method to design natural children’s recreational spaces and facilities, analyzed the characteristics and influencing factors of natural children’s recreational spaces and facilities based on the characteristics of behavioral and psychological cognition of preschool children, and concluded that children’s recreational spaces consist of five parts, namely, the border, entrance, internal activity space, viewing space and supporting space and that the design of recreational facilities should meet the four points of naturalness, appropriate fuzziness, appropriate scale and size, and diversities and opportunities, with a view to providing a reference for the design of children’s recreational spaces and facilities.展开更多
文摘To explore the parking pricing of multiple parking facilities, this paper proposes a bi-level programming model, in which the interactions between parking operators and travelers are explicitly considered. The upper-level sub-model simulates the price decision-making behaviors of the parking operators whose objectives may vary under different operation regimes, such as monopoly market, oligopoly competition, and social optimum. The lower level represents a network equilibrium model that simulates how travelers choose modes, routes, and parking facilities. The proposed model is solved by a sensitivity based algorithm, and applied to a numerical experiment, in which three types of parking facilities are studied, i.e., the off-road parking lot, the curb parking lot, and the parking-and-ride (P&R) facility. The results show in oligopoly market that the level of parking price reaches the lowest point, nonetheless the social welfare decreases to the lowest simultaneously;and the share of P&R mode goes to the highest value, however the total network costs rise also to the highest. While the monopoly market and the social optimum regimes result in solutions of which P&R facilities suffer negative profits and have to be subsidized.
文摘As the number of motor vehicles increasing rapidly, urban parking has become an intolerable problem in major cities in China. Parking facility service evaluations play an important role in urban transportation planning and operation. This paper introduces an LOS （level of service） concept based on a comprehensive parking study in Beijing, China. The LOS methodology is developed by an integrated evaluation model that reflects the user＇s perception of the quality of service. The method combines four important service variables, namely the ratio of peak-hour demand to capacity, average parking space occupying rate, parking cost, and circulation time, into one single index to quantitatively evaluate a parking facility＇s performance. The case studies at the end of the paper demonstrate the applicability of the method.
文摘Urban park is an important outdoor leisure space for urban citizens. The public facility in urban park is a functional environmental element connecting human beings and environment. Through analyzing the present situation and application of public facilities in urban parks of Nanjing City, the existing problems and countermeasures were pointed out, in order to provide theoretical references for the construction of public facility in the urban parks.
文摘An e-tag used on the freeway is a kind of passive sensors composed of sensors and radio- frequency identification （RFID） tags. The principle of the electronic toll collection system is that the sensor emits radio waves touching the e-tag within a certain range, the e-tag will respond to the radio waves by induction, and the sensor will read and write information of the vehicles. Although the RFID technology is popularly used in campus management systems, there is no e-tag technology application used in a campus parking system. In this paper, we use the e-tag technology on a campus parking management system based on the cloud-based construction. By this, it helps to achieve automated and standardized management of the campus parking system, enhance management efficiency, reduce the residence time of the vehicles at the entrances and exits, and improve the efficiency of vehicles parked at the same time.
基金Sponsored by the Sichuan Landscape and Recreation Research Center(JGYQ2014150)the Sichuan Yi Culture Research Center(YZWH1618)
文摘Taking into account problems existing in urban children’s recreational spaces, this paper mainly discussed the method to design natural children’s recreational spaces and facilities, analyzed the characteristics and influencing factors of natural children’s recreational spaces and facilities based on the characteristics of behavioral and psychological cognition of preschool children, and concluded that children’s recreational spaces consist of five parts, namely, the border, entrance, internal activity space, viewing space and supporting space and that the design of recreational facilities should meet the four points of naturalness, appropriate fuzziness, appropriate scale and size, and diversities and opportunities, with a view to providing a reference for the design of children’s recreational spaces and facilities.
