Skin color is considered an important beauty standard for women in China.The typical tool for skin color measurement,individual typology angle(ITA),was developed based on Caucasian skin features.The ITA effectively me...Skin color is considered an important beauty standard for women in China.The typical tool for skin color measurement,individual typology angle(ITA),was developed based on Caucasian skin features.The ITA effectively measures the brightness of facial skin,which is traditionally associated with beauty in Caucasian women.However,in Chinese women,whiteness is not the only determinant of skin esthetics,and other elements such as“yellowness”and“redness”are also important considerations.Thus,the hue angle system was developed based on the skin features of Chinese women,whose skin is typically on the“yellow-red”spectrum.Studies examining the skin color of Chinese women based on both the ITA and hue angle should be carried out.The skin colors of 4500 women aged 18–45 years across five different regions of China were measured using both the ITA and hue angle systems.The relationship of the“red pigment and melanin content”with the“brightness and redness of skin color”was also examined.Further,the different skin types of women across different regions were identified.Measurements based on the ITA system reveal a saddle-shaped distribution of skin brightness among Chinese women across five different regions,with skin brightness being high in the eastwest regions and low in the north-south regions.The ITA and hab values are not consistent in individual women,and thus,both need to be considered when evaluating skin color.Additionally,no correlation between the skin’s red pigment and melanin content and the skin’s ITA and hab values is identified.This study provides skin color data based on both the ITA and hue angle systems.The findings show that skin ITA/hab values cannot simply be explained by the red pigment/melanin content of the skin.Given the distribution of skin types across different regions of China,whitening ingredients causing little to no irritation should be used to formulate whitening cosmetics.展开更多
The solid-state nuclear track detectors have long been applied to assess the activity of tectonic faults. We measured the Radon (<em>Rn</em>) concentration in soil gas on 09 profiles with a total of 245 me...The solid-state nuclear track detectors have long been applied to assess the activity of tectonic faults. We measured the Radon (<em>Rn</em>) concentration in soil gas on 09 profiles with a total of 245 measurement points in Thua Thien Hue area (Vietnam). Measurement results show that the <em>Rn</em> concentration in soil gas ranges from ~10 Bq/m<sup>3</sup> to 144,570 Bq/m<sup>3</sup>. There is a clear difference in the <em>Rn</em> concentration on the granite rock of Dai Loc complex compared to the remaining rocks. The calculated background value and anomaly threshold of <em>Rn</em> concentration on the granite rock of Dai Loc complex and on the remaining rocks are 33,488 Bq/m<sup>3</sup>, 82,839 Bq/m<sup>3</sup> and 5313 Bq/m<sup>3</sup>, 24,850 Bq/m<sup>3</sup> respectively. Spatial distribution of Rn concentration in soil gas reflects the existence of faults since Rn concentration increases at the points above or near fault lines. The level of expression of fault activity is assessed by radon activity index (<em>KRn</em>), which is calculated by the ratio of anomaly value to background value of <em>Rn</em> concentration. According to <em>KRn</em>, in Thua Thien Hue area, only the Dakrong-Hue fault shows a strong expression of activity with high and very high <em>KRn</em> (the maximum <em>KRn</em> = 27.21). The Truong Son, Huu Trach River, Ta Trach River and Bo River fault zones do not show clear activity with low and medium <em>KRn</em>. There is no Rn anomaly value recorded on the Rao Trang fault, demonstrating that it is likely to be inactive at present. The study results indicate that the Rn concentration in soil gas is a strong evidence of the existence of faults or tectonic fracture zones as the <em>Rn</em> concentration always increases at the points above or near the fault line.展开更多
Terapon jarbua was collected from Tam Giang-Cau Hai lagoon systems and then their reproductive performances were investigated.Total 342 species were caught by otter trawlers and different fishing gears in marine and T...Terapon jarbua was collected from Tam Giang-Cau Hai lagoon systems and then their reproductive performances were investigated.Total 342 species were caught by otter trawlers and different fishing gears in marine and Tam Giang-Cau Hai lagoon systems on certain days of each month during period from September 2015 to August 2016 at fishing port.The determination of age was based on composition of the fish:ear,scaly,spine,gill cover and spine and the ovarian histology template.The gonads after being fixed with Bouins solution were cleansed,cut,dyed and put on the observation microscope.Results showed that the sex of Terapon jarbua was nearly clarified at the approximately 1+age group and participated in reproduction process in the first time at the 1+age group.The batch and relative fecundity of Terapon jarbua were high.The batch fecundity of Terapon jarbua varied from 239,029 to 420,400 eggs.The relative fecundity capacity fluctuated from 945 to 1,013 of eggs per gram of fish and the mean value by 981 eggs per gram of fish.The spawning season of fish occurred from March to May annually.展开更多
基金the financial support provided by a scientific grant(No.TC-2023-003)from Guyu Qingnang Biotechnology Institute,Guangzhou Qingnang Biotechnology Co.Ltd.,Guangzhou Fanzhirong Cosmetics Co.Ltd.
文摘Skin color is considered an important beauty standard for women in China.The typical tool for skin color measurement,individual typology angle(ITA),was developed based on Caucasian skin features.The ITA effectively measures the brightness of facial skin,which is traditionally associated with beauty in Caucasian women.However,in Chinese women,whiteness is not the only determinant of skin esthetics,and other elements such as“yellowness”and“redness”are also important considerations.Thus,the hue angle system was developed based on the skin features of Chinese women,whose skin is typically on the“yellow-red”spectrum.Studies examining the skin color of Chinese women based on both the ITA and hue angle should be carried out.The skin colors of 4500 women aged 18–45 years across five different regions of China were measured using both the ITA and hue angle systems.The relationship of the“red pigment and melanin content”with the“brightness and redness of skin color”was also examined.Further,the different skin types of women across different regions were identified.Measurements based on the ITA system reveal a saddle-shaped distribution of skin brightness among Chinese women across five different regions,with skin brightness being high in the eastwest regions and low in the north-south regions.The ITA and hab values are not consistent in individual women,and thus,both need to be considered when evaluating skin color.Additionally,no correlation between the skin’s red pigment and melanin content and the skin’s ITA and hab values is identified.This study provides skin color data based on both the ITA and hue angle systems.The findings show that skin ITA/hab values cannot simply be explained by the red pigment/melanin content of the skin.Given the distribution of skin types across different regions of China,whitening ingredients causing little to no irritation should be used to formulate whitening cosmetics.
文摘The solid-state nuclear track detectors have long been applied to assess the activity of tectonic faults. We measured the Radon (<em>Rn</em>) concentration in soil gas on 09 profiles with a total of 245 measurement points in Thua Thien Hue area (Vietnam). Measurement results show that the <em>Rn</em> concentration in soil gas ranges from ~10 Bq/m<sup>3</sup> to 144,570 Bq/m<sup>3</sup>. There is a clear difference in the <em>Rn</em> concentration on the granite rock of Dai Loc complex compared to the remaining rocks. The calculated background value and anomaly threshold of <em>Rn</em> concentration on the granite rock of Dai Loc complex and on the remaining rocks are 33,488 Bq/m<sup>3</sup>, 82,839 Bq/m<sup>3</sup> and 5313 Bq/m<sup>3</sup>, 24,850 Bq/m<sup>3</sup> respectively. Spatial distribution of Rn concentration in soil gas reflects the existence of faults since Rn concentration increases at the points above or near fault lines. The level of expression of fault activity is assessed by radon activity index (<em>KRn</em>), which is calculated by the ratio of anomaly value to background value of <em>Rn</em> concentration. According to <em>KRn</em>, in Thua Thien Hue area, only the Dakrong-Hue fault shows a strong expression of activity with high and very high <em>KRn</em> (the maximum <em>KRn</em> = 27.21). The Truong Son, Huu Trach River, Ta Trach River and Bo River fault zones do not show clear activity with low and medium <em>KRn</em>. There is no Rn anomaly value recorded on the Rao Trang fault, demonstrating that it is likely to be inactive at present. The study results indicate that the Rn concentration in soil gas is a strong evidence of the existence of faults or tectonic fracture zones as the <em>Rn</em> concentration always increases at the points above or near the fault line.
文摘Terapon jarbua was collected from Tam Giang-Cau Hai lagoon systems and then their reproductive performances were investigated.Total 342 species were caught by otter trawlers and different fishing gears in marine and Tam Giang-Cau Hai lagoon systems on certain days of each month during period from September 2015 to August 2016 at fishing port.The determination of age was based on composition of the fish:ear,scaly,spine,gill cover and spine and the ovarian histology template.The gonads after being fixed with Bouins solution were cleansed,cut,dyed and put on the observation microscope.Results showed that the sex of Terapon jarbua was nearly clarified at the approximately 1+age group and participated in reproduction process in the first time at the 1+age group.The batch and relative fecundity of Terapon jarbua were high.The batch fecundity of Terapon jarbua varied from 239,029 to 420,400 eggs.The relative fecundity capacity fluctuated from 945 to 1,013 of eggs per gram of fish and the mean value by 981 eggs per gram of fish.The spawning season of fish occurred from March to May annually.
