为探究黄土高原植被恢复形成各群落生态系统功能权衡关系,本研究以植被恢复形成的灌木、自然草地、撂荒草地及乔木群落为对象,采用均方根偏差法(Root mean square deviation,RMSD)研究了生物量生产、土壤含水量、土壤养分含量、物种多样...为探究黄土高原植被恢复形成各群落生态系统功能权衡关系,本研究以植被恢复形成的灌木、自然草地、撂荒草地及乔木群落为对象,采用均方根偏差法(Root mean square deviation,RMSD)研究了生物量生产、土壤含水量、土壤养分含量、物种多样性4种生态系统功能差异及其权衡关系。结果表明:各植被类型间生态系统功能差异显著;各植被类型最高权衡均出现在生物量与其他生态系统功能间,RMSD在0.27~0.53间变化;乔木群落生态系统功能严重失衡,需要降低生物量促进各功能协调发展;灌木群落和自然草地群落生态系统功能中度失衡,是较为适合该区域的植被恢复的类型,两种群落分别需要改善土壤养分含量和土壤含水量;撂荒草地失衡程度最轻但生态系统功能低下,需要提升物种多样性及生物量。研究结果为黄土高原植被恢复调控与可持续发展提供依据。展开更多
There is a need to reduce the burden of child drop-off and pick-up for child-rearing generations, but most studies on the actual situation in Japan are based on survey results. In this study, we analyzed differences i...There is a need to reduce the burden of child drop-off and pick-up for child-rearing generations, but most studies on the actual situation in Japan are based on survey results. In this study, we analyzed differences in child drop-off and pick-up by employment type and gender, utilizing the “Metropolitan Area Person Trip Survey,” which is a statistical data set. The study targeted households in which both spouses were between 30 and 49 years old, had children under the age of 6, and included the following three groups. 1) Dual-income Group 1 (both spouses employed/on contract/temporary);2) Dual-income Group 2 (husband employed/on contract/temporary, wife part-time);3) Full-time housewife group (husband employed, wife unemployed). The analysis revealed that a) wives are almost always responsible for dropping off and picking up their children;b) husbands drop off and pick up their children less frequently in dual-income households;and c) households with children raising within 10 to 30 km of Tokyo Station have longer commuting times and need to reduce the burden of dropping off and picking up their children.展开更多
文摘为探究黄土高原植被恢复形成各群落生态系统功能权衡关系,本研究以植被恢复形成的灌木、自然草地、撂荒草地及乔木群落为对象,采用均方根偏差法(Root mean square deviation,RMSD)研究了生物量生产、土壤含水量、土壤养分含量、物种多样性4种生态系统功能差异及其权衡关系。结果表明:各植被类型间生态系统功能差异显著;各植被类型最高权衡均出现在生物量与其他生态系统功能间,RMSD在0.27~0.53间变化;乔木群落生态系统功能严重失衡,需要降低生物量促进各功能协调发展;灌木群落和自然草地群落生态系统功能中度失衡,是较为适合该区域的植被恢复的类型,两种群落分别需要改善土壤养分含量和土壤含水量;撂荒草地失衡程度最轻但生态系统功能低下,需要提升物种多样性及生物量。研究结果为黄土高原植被恢复调控与可持续发展提供依据。
文摘There is a need to reduce the burden of child drop-off and pick-up for child-rearing generations, but most studies on the actual situation in Japan are based on survey results. In this study, we analyzed differences in child drop-off and pick-up by employment type and gender, utilizing the “Metropolitan Area Person Trip Survey,” which is a statistical data set. The study targeted households in which both spouses were between 30 and 49 years old, had children under the age of 6, and included the following three groups. 1) Dual-income Group 1 (both spouses employed/on contract/temporary);2) Dual-income Group 2 (husband employed/on contract/temporary, wife part-time);3) Full-time housewife group (husband employed, wife unemployed). The analysis revealed that a) wives are almost always responsible for dropping off and picking up their children;b) husbands drop off and pick up their children less frequently in dual-income households;and c) households with children raising within 10 to 30 km of Tokyo Station have longer commuting times and need to reduce the burden of dropping off and picking up their children.
