Monitoring and Assessment of Current Situation of Environmental Quality in Yueqing Bay

Based on the monitoring results of environmental quality in Yueqing Bay during 2007-2014,the current situation of environmental quality in the bay was analyzed and assessed. The results show that pH,DO,CODMn,petroleum,and heavy metals( Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,Hg,As and Cr)in the seawater of Yueqing Bay did not exceed the second class standard of Seawater Quality Standard( GB 3097-1997),but inorganic nitrogen and reactive phosphate in the seawater of Yueqing Bay exceeded the second class standard seriously,and the water quality of the bay was in an eutrophic state; the standard index of evaluation factors of sediment quality was smaller than 1,meeting the demands of sediment quality for environmental protection.

R/S method for evaluation of pollutant time series in environmental quality assessment

The significance of the fluctuation and randomness of the time series of each pollutant in environmental quality assessment is described for the first time in this paper. A comparative study was made of three different computing methods： the same starting point method, the striding averaging method, and the stagger phase averaging method. All of them can be used to calculate the Hurst index, which quantifies fluctuation and randomness. This study used real water quality data from Shazhu monitoring station on Taihu Lake in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province. The results show that, of the three methods, the stagger phase averaging method is best for calculating the Hurst index of a pollutant time series from the perspective of statistical regularity.

Atmospheric Environmental Quality Assessment RBF Model Based on the MATLAB

A new method-RBF model is found to assess the atmospheric quality by use of the PREMNMX function in MATLAB to pretreat the original data and the RAND function to construct enough training samples, checking samples and outputs of their targets through linear interpolation between grades of the atmospheric quality evaluation standard. A favorable assessment result is achieved by applying this method to assess atmospheric environmental quality in a city, which shows this new method is meaningful in improving the precision and scientificity of atmospheric environmental quality assessment.

Questions and Feasible Conditions of Environmental Quality and Fuzzy Comprehensive Assessment

In recent years, methods of fuzzy comprehensive assessment (FCA) have been widely applied in environmental quality comprehensive assessment(EQCA) without conditions. A lot of practised theses have been published. They imitate each other and have a great influence. In this paper, however, opposite examples are given and we further prove that using environmental quality fuzzy comprehensive assessment method (EQFCAM) without conditions will lead to the absolutely non-scientific result. Two basic rules that FCA should adhere to are put forward in this paper. They should be the foundation of EQCA. The sufficient and necessary condition that should meet the fundamental rules in methods of FCA will also be given.

Metagenomic Shotgun Sequencing Provides Prevalence Data for Pathogens, and Source-Tracking Indices Useful in Public Health Risk Assessment of Environmental Waters

State-approved membrane filtration (MF) techniques for water quality assessments were contrasted with metagenomic shotgun sequencing (MSS) protocols to evaluate their efficacy in providing precise health-risk indices for surface waters. Samples from a freshwater receiving pond (ABI-1002) and two upstream storm water ditches (ABI-1003) and (ABI-1004) yielded alarmingly high Fecal coliform MF densities of 220, >2000 and >2000 CFU/100ml respectively. The indicator, Enterococcus bacteria exceeded allowable limits in all but the equipment control (ABI-1001). Using MSS, the relative numerical abundance of pathogenic bacteria, virulence and antibiotic resistance genes revealed the status and potential pollution sources of each ditch. High levels of Shigella sp. (0 (ABI-1001), 4945 (ABI-1002), 55,008 (ABI-1003), and 2221 (ABI-1004) genomic reads/100ml) correlated with virulence genes and antibiotic resistance genes found in fecal samples for ABI1003 and not ABI1004. Traditional culture methods (TCM) showed possible fecal contamination in two of the four samples, and no contamination in the others. MSS clearly distinguished between fecal and environmental bacteria contamination sources, and pinpointed actual risks from pathogens. Our data underscore the potential utility of MSS in precision risk assessment for public and biodiversity health and tracking of environmental microbiomes shifts by field managers and policy makers.

A Comparative Study of Different Methods on Quality Assessment of Soil Environment Polluted by Zinc in Agricultural Production Areas——A Case Study in Shulan City of Jilin Province

[Objective] The aim was to explore evaluated precision on quality of soil environment polluted with zinc in agricultural production areas and to provide references for verification of production area.[Method] In Shulan City in Jilin Province,soils were sampled and analyzed in a laboratory using single-factor pollution index and GIS based spatial interpolation.The quality of environment polluted with zinc was assessed and related methods were compared according to Environment Quality Standard of Green Food Production Area.[Result] Spatial interpolation of zinc in soils based on GIS proved more precise than traditional methods;cokriging method with co-factors was higher in precision than common cokriging;cokriging method with zinc and organic matter was higher in precision than cokriging with zinc alone.[Conclusion] Quality assessment on environment polluted with zinc based on GIS interpolation is more scientific and reasonable than traditional methods.

ArcGIS-Based Rural Drinking Water Quality Health Risk Assessment

Aiming at the unsafe of water quality which is the core problem in rural drinking water safety, the study col-lected 221 water samples of rural drinking water sources in Ya'an and detected the concentrations of the car-cinogen and the non-carcinogen. Based on the analysis of water environment characteristics and the identifi-cation of water environment health risk source of Sichuan Ya’an City, which includes seven counties and a district and is the typical region of the western margin of Sichuan Basin, this study calculated and analyzed the carcinogenic risk (R) and non-carcinogenic risk (hazard index, HI) by applying the health risk model recommended by the US National Research Council of National Academy of Science. Then, taking advan-tage of the geo-statistic spatial analysis function of ArcGIS, this study analyzed the assessment result data (R and HI), selected the proper interpolation approach and educed R and HI spatial distribution maps of the study area. R and HI of the single factor and integrate factors were evaluated and thus obtained the following conclusions: For one thing, the cancerous risk indexes of the vast majority of water sources (about 94%) is the level of 10-7 and it belong to the safety extension. The main carcinogen in the water sources are As, Cr6+ and Pb, their concentrations are in the ranges of 0.004-0.01, 0.005, 0.01mg/l respectively and such water source mainly distributed in Yucheng district and Mingshan county. For another, the non-cancerous hazard indexes of the vast majority of water sources (about 98%) is also less than the limit value 1 and will not harm the local residents. The health risk of non-carcinogen comes mainly from As and fluoride, their concentra-tions are in the ranges of 0.004-0.01 and 0.1-4.2mg/l respectively. The results of the integrate factors health risk assessment showed that the total cancerous risk were still at the level of 10-6, only 12 drinking water source investigation sites (5%) exceeded the drinking water management standard value of EPA (the limit value is 10-6);the total non-cancerous hazard indexes are still in the range of 10-2-10-1, and will not harm the local residents either, only 18 drinking water source investigation sites (8%) exceeded the drinking water management standard value of EPA(the limit value is 1).The densely populated areas such as Yucheng Dis-trict, Tianquan County, Yingjing County and Shimian County are where the four contaminating materials, i.e., As, Cr6+, Pb and fluoride should be monitored with emphasis. Study results disclosed the health risk control indexes of source water quality of the studied area and thus provided the scientific basis for the water quality control of water sources. This study had worked efficiently in practice. Compared with the same kind of methods which had been found, the paper had the outstanding results for the health risk assessment of the rural drinking water safety.

Assessment of Effects of Qinshan Nuclear Power Station on the Ecological Environment and Water Quality of its Adjacent Waters after its Running

On the basis of the data of biological and nonbiological factors collected respectively from 1989 to 1990 and from 1995 to 1996 in the waters nearby the Qinshan Nuclear Power Station, the ecological environment and water quality of the waters are analyzed and assessed in the paper. The results show: (a) the surveyed area has the typical ecological characteristics of high tidal range estuary, rich nutrients and low biological productivity, (b) tide, runoff and offshore seawater intrusion are the key factors which result in seasonal and annual changes of various biological and non-biological factors, (c) the risking of seawater eutrophication index is resulted from enormous amount of the discharges of industrial and domestic sewage, (d) because the survey area is located in a high tidal-range estuary, thermal effluent from cooling system does not induce significant temperature changes, ( e) the first stage project of Qinshan nuclear power station has no notable impacts on the ecological environment in

领导干部自然资源资产离任审计、环境规制与经济高质量发展

经过在生态环境治理等领域试点,领导干部自然资源资产离任审计已进入常态化阶段。本文以2014-2021年我国284个城市为样本,将资源型城市作为实验组,非资源型城市作为对照组,采用双重机器学习模型考察自2018年领导干部自然资源资产离任审计全面开展对资源型城市经济高质量发展的影响。研究发现,领导干部自然资源资产离任审计不但能促进资源型城市经济高质量发展,而且还能提高经济高质量发展各个子系统的协调性。机制检验发现,领导干部自然资源资产离任审计通过增强政府环境规制强度来促进城市经济高质量发展。异质性分析发现,对处于衰退期以及所处地区审计强度较大的资源型城市而言,这种促进作用更强。

环境监测用高锰酸盐指数和氨氮标准溶液量值比对研究

针对高锰酸盐指数(COD_(Mn))和氨氮(NH_(3)-N)标准溶液(以下简称液标)制造商、浓度水平和使用情况进行调研,根据调研结果选择常用的7个品牌COD_(Mn)液标和9个常用NH_(3)-N液标品牌开展量值比对和质量评价研究,匿名采购129支液标经盲样编码后采用《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)推荐标准进行分析测定,计算和评定测定结果的不确定度,以En法进行量值比对评价。研究表明,NH_(3)-N液标量值均满意,COD_(Mn)测试中的加盖操作会使测定结果偏高,按照证书要求操作时COD_(Mn)液标量值合格,未按照液标证书中要求进行液标样品前处理测定会造成测定结果的偏离,影响评价结果。建议监测人员合理选用和规范使用环境用液标,加强环境用液标的选购和管理,确保检测过程得到有效控制。

海南琼中岩-土体系重金属迁移特征及表土环境质量评价

地球关键带和土壤重金属污染是当今研究的前沿与热点,岩-土体系是地球关键带的重要组成部分。目前海南岛针对不同成壤母质岩-土体系的详细研究较少,并且重金属亟需基于新标准进行评价。为了查清岩-土体系中重金属元素迁移特征及污染状况,本文以海南岛琼中3个土壤垂向剖面及7115件表层土壤样品为研究对象,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱/发射光谱法(ICP-MS/OES)和原子荧光光谱法(AFS)等分析方法,测定岩石和土壤中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Ni、Cd、As和Hg共8种重金属元素含量,利用土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准、内梅罗指数法和潜在生态危害指数法定量评价了表层土壤样品重金属污染状况及生态风险。结果表明,①海南岛琼中二长花岗岩岩-土体系中,不同重金属元素表现出明显的分异特征,Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Ni、Cd元素以亏损为主,As元素以富集为主,Hg元素则表现出不同的富集或亏损特征,As、Hg元素尤其富集在表层。②琼中绝大多数表层土壤中重金属元素含量低于土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险筛选值,土壤污染风险低。③以琼中和海南岛背景值为评价标准时,应关注Cr、Ni和As污染以及Hg、As和Cd的生态危害。以土壤环境质量为评价标准时,研究区表层土壤的环境质量总体清洁,生态风险较弱。

基于校园PM_(10)监测及重金属风险评价的综合性教学实验设计

本综合性实验以大学校园大气中颗粒物作为研究对象,探究了校园不同功能区内颗粒物的分布情况,分析了颗粒物中重金属的含量,对暴露在此环境下学生的健康风险进行了评估。该综合性实验与实际问题紧密结合,强化实验设计原则、采样点设置、监测方法、元素分析和环境影响评价等知识点,有助于调动学生主观能动性,能够使学生体会学有所用、学以致用,从而提升了他们的学习兴趣,优化课程实验教学效果。

我国污染场地风险管理制度地方标准规范的分析与展望

我国在土壤环境质量及污染场地风险筛选管理制度的立法上遵循“地方—国家—地方”路线,随着国家标准及技术规范体系的基本完善和土壤修复市场的快速发展,“十四五”期间我国地方污染场地风险筛选管理的立法进程大大加速。本文调研了2019~2023年间我国发布的污染场地风险筛选管理相关的省级或市级标准文件,包括土壤环境质量标准(筛选值)、技术规范、指导性文件3大类别。通过对比地方标准文件对国家标准或技术规范的补充规定,从土壤环境质量标准、风险评估程序、检测结果的统计分析3方面总结了现行地方标准立法的要点。基于现行地方标准文件的立法原则和方向,可为新时代下污染场地精细化风险评估、新污染物治理等方面的国家与地方立法提供参考。

现代工业废气排放管理与大气环境质量评估模型的构建

本研究构建了一种现代工业废气排放管理与大气环境质量评估模型。通过收集和分析废气排放数据、监测大气环境质量指标,我们开发了一个综合评估模型,能够有效评估工业废气对大气环境的影响。该模型结合了工业废气排放源的特征参数和大气污染物浓度的测量结果,提供了可行的管理决策和风险评估方法,以减少工业活动对大气环境造成的负面影响。

官员生态问责对河长制政策成效的影响及作用机制

根据环保权责在纵向政府之间的配置趋向,可划分为环保监管集权和环境治理分权两种实践模式;其各自呈现鲜明治理优势,却又分别存在难以规避的内在体制困境。河长制政策统一了自上而下的压力型体制和官僚控制、自下而上的治理责任明确与治理任务分工,一方面在权能下放、责任划分、社会公开等治理过程中呈现出典型的分权化治理逻辑,另一方面又以治理权责分级分域、党政领导直接定责以及地方官员显性责任即时惩戒等集权化环保监管为条件。正是因为河长制政策兼具监管集权与治理分权两种机制优势,因此成为该研究解析环保集权-分权悖论的可行政策工具。该研究以7大流域中由地级市主要官员担任河长的河流为样本,基于多期双重差分模型,实证检验了官员生态问责纠正、补充区域环保政策的效应机制。研究发现:①河长制政策施行显著降低了河流污染物浓度,实现了流域环境的整体改善;②晋升激励能够对河长制政策成效产生显著影响,即相较于以经济增长为目标的官员激励,强化官员考核中的生态问责更能提升河长制这一分权化环境治理模式的治理效能;③生态问责对河长制治理成效的促进作用,在政府环保注意力配置更低、环境治理财政投入与监管能力相对不足的区域中更为明显,表明环保集权能够在一定程度上修正和纠补治理分权下的区域间政策落差与偏差,进而能够克服地方环保治理中的政绩偏好替代、生态政策执行低效、环境治理碎片化与“搭便车”等问题。该研究发现调和了环保监管集权与环境治理分权之间的理论冲突,指出两者环境治理实践中可以呈现为互为条件、相互支撑的补充关系。

山东省平邑县九间棚村土壤地球化学调查评价

山东省平邑九间棚村位于沂蒙山区腹地。为了查明研究区土壤中有益、有害元素的含量与分布特征,圈定特色土地资源,分析特色农产品金银花种植适宜性,通过土壤样品采集分析、数据统计、相关性分析等方法,开展1∶1万土地质量地球化学调查评价工作。研究结果表明:与临沂市表层土壤背景值相比,Na_(2)O指标明显偏低,I、Ge、B、F、CaO指标显著偏高,反映了研究区与地质背景或生物循环过程相关元素在土壤中富集的特征;研究区重金属元素分布主要与受地质背景和人为因素影响,土壤重金属环境质量总体为良好级,为研究区绿色农业发展奠定良好基础。圈定富硒的土地面积36.7 hm^(2)、富锗土地面积131.0 hm^(2),富锌土地面积84.5 hm^(2),为研究区特色土地资源开发利用指明方向。通过金银花适宜性分析研究,综合地貌、土壤类型、土壤肥力等条件,研究区适宜种植高品质金银花,为当地特色农业高质量发展提供地学数据支撑。

Comprehensive evaluation method of urban air quality statistics based on environmental monitoring data and its application

Air quality monitoring is effective for timely understanding of the current air quality status of a region or city.Currently,the huge volume of environmental monitoring data,which has reasonable real-time performance,provides strong support for in-depth analysis of air pollution characteristics and causes.However,in the era of big data,to meet current demands for fine management of the atmospheric environment,it is important to explore the characteristics and causes of air pollution from multiple aspects for comprehensive and scientific evaluation of air quality.This study reviewed and summarized air quality evaluation methods on the basis of environmental monitoring data statistics during the 13th Five-Year Plan period,and evaluated the level of air pollution in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and its surrounding areas(i.e.,the“2+26”region)during the period of the three-year action plan to fight air pollution.We suggest that air quality should be comprehensively,deeply,and scientifically evaluated from the aspects of air pollution characteristics,causes,and influences of meteorological conditions and anthropogenic emissions.It is also suggested that a threeyear moving average be introduced as one of the evaluation indexes of long-term change of pollutants.Additionally,both temporal and spatial differences should be considered when removing confounding meteorological factors.

粤东部分城市建设项目环境影响报告表编制质量问题研究

目前环评领域仍普遍存在环评文件编制质量达不到相关技术导则、规范要求的问题,未能科学指导企业落实切实可行的污染防治措施。为推进经济社会高质量发展、守住环境质量和生态环境安全底线、优化营商环境,本文结合日常开展环评文件技术评估工作实际,对粤东部分城市建设项目环境影响报告表编制质量的主要问题进行研究,按建设项目环境影响报告表主要框架研究梳理各章节存在的部分共性问题,供各生态环境管理部门、环评文件技术评估部门以及环评文件编制部门参考,推动环评文件技术评估与审批工作效率进一步提升。

大连市乡镇生活垃圾填埋场地下水质量评价与污染物识别

通过对大连市乡镇生活垃圾填埋场周边地下水中22项指标进行检测分析,采用标准指数法、评分法等对地下水质量状况进行评价,采用累计污染负荷比法对地下水污染物进行识别,并给出相关管控建议。结果表明:地下水中耗氧量、总硬度、溶解性总固体等7项污染物有超标现象,超标率在15.4%~38.5%之间;区域综合评分值为4.34,总体水质较差;影响水质的污染物主要有总硬度、溶解性总固体、硫酸盐、氯化物、耗氧量、氨氮、硝酸盐等。

大唐巩义电厂扩建工程对区域地下水环境影响研究

巩义市地处在嵩山北麓,属于黄土丘陵区,浅层地下水类型属黄土裂隙水,水位埋藏较深,地下水富水性差,属贫水区。本次以大唐巩义电厂扩建工程为例,通过工程建设过程中的水文地质调查成果,结合区域水文地质资料,查明工程所在区的地下水类型、富水性、水质状况及补给、径流、排泄条件,对工程建设对区域地下水环境的影响进行研究,结果表明:(1)研究区内浅层水埋藏在黄土裂隙中,含水层厚度在3~5 m,单井出水量一般小于100 m^(3)/d,属水量贫乏区,区内浅层黄土裂隙地下水划分为三种类型。其中,HCO_(3)-Ca·Mg型水,其水质较好;HCO_(3)·SO_(4)-Ca·Mg或HCO_(3)·SO_(4)-Ca·Na或HCO_(3)·SO_(4)-Na或HCO_(3)·SO_(4)-Ca·Na·Mg型水,主要分布于拟建场址区及其以西,水质较差;HCO_(3)·CI-Ca·Mg型水,水质较差。深层地下水埋藏于黄土裂隙浅层地下水之下,属中等富水区,地下水水化学类型为HCO_(3)-Ca·Mg或Ca·Na型水,水质优良。(2)工程建设对地下水产生污染的途径主要是污染物通过包气带下渗进入浅层地下水,造成浅层地下水及其与之有水力联系的深层地下水的污染。(3)从浅层地下水水文地质条件和地质环境分析成果看,研究区浅层水存在Fe^(3+)、Mn、F、CI^(-)、NH_(4)^(+)、NO_(3)-(N计)、NO_(2)^(-)(N计)超标现象,主要与含水层地质因素、农业化肥使用及生活废水排放等污染因素有关,建议在开采深层地下水时,采取封闭浅层地下水的止水措施,防止混合开采污染深层水,保护深层地下水水源。本次研究为合理保护区域地下水资源提供了科学依据。