Kinematic Modeling and Characteristic Analysis of Eccentric Conjugate Non-circular Gear & Crank-Rocker & Gears Train Weft Insertion Mechanism

A novel weft insertion mechanism named eccentric conjugate non-circular gear & crank-rocker & gears train weft insertion mechanism was proposed in order to better meet the requirements of rapier loom's weft insertion mechanism as well as reduce the manufacturing difficulty. Meanwhile, based on the working principle of this mechanism, kinematical mathematic models of this mechanism were established and an aided analysis and simulation software was compiled. The influences of eccentricity ratio, deformation coefficient, and other important parameters on the kinematics characteristics of this mechanism were analyzed by using the software. A group of preferable parameters which could meet the requirements of weft insertion technology were obtained by means of human-computer interactive optimization method. The maximum velocity, maximum acceleration, and variation of acceleration of this mechanism are smaller than those of the conjugate cam weft insertion mechanism applied on TT96 rapier loom under the conditions of the same unilateral total stroke of rapier head and the same rotary speed of loom spindle; meanwhile the other demands of weaving technology can be met by this novel weft insertion mechanism.

Kinematic Analysis and Test Study of Elliptic-Gear and Crank-Rocker Beating-Up Mechanism

In order to analyze the kinematic performances of elliptic-gear and crank-rocker(EGCR) beating-up mechanism, kinematic mathematic models of the mechanism were established, and an aided analysis and simulation software were compiled. This software can display the kinematic characteristics and simulation motion of the mechanism according to different parameters. It also supplies a platform for human-computer interaction. A group of satisfactory parameters were selected by the software. A test bed of EGCR beating-up mechanism was developed according to these parameters. The kinematic performances of the mechanism were verified by high-speed video tape recorder.

MECHANISM RESEARCH FOR 3D NON-AXISYMMETRIC THIN-WALL TUBE OFFSET SPINNING

Difference of offset spinning with conventional symmetric spinning is analyzed. A 3D FEM model for offset tube neck-spinning is established and the spinning process is simulated by means of ANSYS software. Dynamic boundary and contact problems in simulation are solved. Transient stress distribution of contact area, transient strain distribution of nodes in typical section and strain distribution of the workpiece at last are attained, the place and the cause of crack are analyzed. Strain variation curves with time of offset spinning and conventional spinning are compared. It shows the mechanism difference between offset spinning and conventional spinning. In addition, simulation results show how strain distribution of typical section, thickness of some typical nodes, axial extension in left section and force of three rollers change with time. According to the study of the variation curve, material flow law along radial, tangential and axial direction is attained and the whole spinning process is studied. The simulation results discover that offset distance is the key to manufacture offset non-symmetric tube, and process parameters change with spinning angle. Experiment data really reflect different process parameters＇ influence on conventional symmetric and offset spinning force. Experiments accord well with simulation.

Mechanical Properties of New Type Negative Offset Structure During Shearing Process of Heavy Steel Plate

According to the revised Cailikefu＇s rolling shear force formula, motion path equation of spatial seven-bar path was built, and a mechanical model, with the new structural feature of negative offset, was thus successfully established for 2 800 mm heavy shear of some iron and steel company. Shear and bar forces of steel plate, before and after the adoption of negative offset structure, were analyzed, as well as horizontal force component of mechanism that influences pure rolling shear and back-wall push force that keeps blade clearance. It was found that the back-wall push force keeps large even at the time that the maximum rolling shear was obtained; meanwhile, back-wall push force is the most approximate to side forces when 60--100 mm of offset was adopted. Both theoretical results and onsite shear quality show that the negative offset plays an important role in ensuring the stability of pure rolling shear and keeping blade clearance constant.

Research on Mechanical Model and Properties of New-type Negative Offset Structure in Spatial Seven-bar Heavy Shear

According to revised Cailikefu’s rolling shear force formula,motion path equation of spatial seven-bar path is built,and mechanical model,with such new structural features as negative offset,is thus successfully established for 2 800 mm heavy shear of some Iron&Steel Company. Shear force and bar force of steel plate,before and after adoption of negative offset structure,are analyzed,as well as horizontal force component of mechanism that influences pure rolling shear and back-wall push force that keeps blade clearance. The discovery is that back-wall push force could be kept large enough at rolling start-up (i.e. the time that the maximum rolling shear produces),meanwhile,back-wall push force is the most approximate to side forces with adoption of 60 mm-100 mm offset. Theoretical results and on-site shear quality both indicate that new structural features such as negative offset plays an important role in ensuring pure rolling shear and keeping blade clearance constant,which provide an effective means to improve quality of steel plate.

取秧侧向零偏移的空间轨迹再生稻分插机构设计与试验

为了解决现有空间行星轮系式分插机构在再生稻宽窄行机械化种植取秧过程中出现侧向偏移量和侧向偏转角的技术难题,本文提出一种具有局部平面轨迹特性的空间轨迹不等速行星轮系机构,并开展基于取秧口和机构回转中心位置约束下的宽窄行分插机构综合研究。构建了基于关键位姿点(取秧起始点、取秧结束点、推秧点)的空间轮系机构运动综合模型,利用关键位姿点求解机构杆长参数与空间交错轴信息,并通过优选二杆相对角位移参数实现机构传动比分配。将不完全非圆齿轮副引入空间行星轮系机构,利用间歇机构锁止弧约束行星轴,实现机构取秧过程侧向零偏移量、侧向零偏转角的平面轨迹段。通过仿真分析与机构样机试验验证了机构实际作业性能与理论设计相一致,结果表明:分插机构取秧侧向零偏移量,取秧侧向零偏转角,推秧侧向总偏移量为50.24 mm、取秧角为5.18°、推秧角为71.56°、推秧侧向角为16.26°、插秧穴口宽度为22.43 mm、轨迹高度为289.76 mm,满足预期设计要求。最后通过田间试验验证,分插机构可实现等行距取秧口和既定机构回转中心下宽行(40 cm)与窄行(20 cm)间隔机插,满足再生稻宽窄行种植要求。

基于偏移注意力机制和多特征融合的点云分类

三维点云由于受到雾、雨和雪等自然天气条件的影响较小而受到了广泛的关注,在交通、能源和医疗等多个领域得到了广泛的应用,其中点云分类旨在划分三维点云数据的类别,为不同领域决策者提供信息,实现解决方案的制订,对自动驾驶、故障诊断和医学影像分析等具有重要意义。点云分类的应用前景广阔,但目前仍面临着诸多挑战。由于点云的无序性、稀疏性和有限性等特点,传统的图像处理和计算机视觉方法难以直接应用于点云数据分析,直接利用卷积神经网络不能有效提取点云特征,部分模型的特征提取不够充分,局部和全局的信息未能有效的利用,可能丢失重要特征信息。针对上述问题,提出一种实现点云的局部和全局特征相结合的多特征融合模块,并结合偏移注意力机制嵌入多特征融合模块实现较深层次点云特征的提取,同时引入残差结构充分利用浅层提取的特征,防止网络过深导致浅层特征丢失。在ModelNet40和ScanObjectNN分类数据集上进行训练和测试,并对实验进行了消融研究和部分数据可视化。实验结果发现该模型在ModelNet40上的分类总体准确率为93.6%,与PointNet、LDGCNN和PCT等模型相比,分类总体准确率分别提高了4.4、0.7和0.4个百分点;在ScanObjectNN上的分类总体准确率为83.7%,与PointNet++和DGCNN相比,分类总体准确率分别提高了5.8和5.6个百分点,具有较高的准确率和鲁棒性。

特深井井下等效冲击扭矩作用下钻铤接头三维力学特征分析

特深井钻井时钻柱在井下受到强烈的冲击扭矩作用,严重威胁着钻井施工安全,需要进行特深井钻柱井下冲击扭矩的测量和分析。首先,采用三维力学分析方法得到了不同扭矩作用下钻铤螺纹接头的受力特征,建立了内、外螺纹之间相对偏移量与井下等效冲击扭矩之间的对应关系;然后,以西部油田某特深井上部井段ϕ203.2 mm钻铤NC56接头为例,利用刻痕法测量内、外螺纹台肩的相对偏移量,反演得到与偏移量相对应的井下等效冲击扭矩,并用实际测得的钻铤接头卸扣扭矩进行了验证。实测数据表明,钻井过程中井下存在很大的冲击扭矩,使钻铤接头在井下发生二次上扣。根据实测偏移量反演计算的井下等效冲击扭矩与卸扣扭矩吻合程度高,表明该方法具有较好的可靠性。分析表明,上扣预紧状态对钻铤接头的井下二次上扣特性有很大影响,避免欠扭矩上扣是防止钻铤接头井下二次上扣的有效手段。

电驱动偏摆式天然橡胶割胶装置设计及运动特性分析

天然橡胶是我国重要的战略物资,针对当前胶工流失严重、割胶作业难以实现机械化等问题,设计一种电驱动偏摆式割胶装置。以理论分析结合数学建模为基础进行,通过Adams与ANSYS建立传动结构的有限元模型,并阐述运动特征规律,来验证模型的构建准确性,分析传动部件在运动情况过程下的应力分布、动态特性及振动机理,为便携式割胶装置的设计以及后期改进提供参照途径。通过运动学分析,刀片摆幅、传动结构受力与理论计算值误差分别为4%和3%;在数值模拟中传动结构的最大应力出现在Y型驱动叉与刀座的连接处,XYZ三个方向面的等效应力均小于材料屈服极限,故不会发生失效与出现共振;通过试验分析,偏摆式割胶装置样机相较于传统人工割胶刀,在割胶速度、耗皮厚度以及割胶深度上的平均值相差分别为42.3%、4.3%、0.6%,其中割胶速度差异较为显著。割胶装置的理论模型分析结果与实际样机加工制造的试验情况基本符合。

CCER重启视角下林业碳汇参与碳市场研究

碳排放权交易市场(碳市场)是中国积极实施应对气候变化战略、落实“双碳”目标的重要载体和动力机制。从重启国家核证自愿减排(CCER)机制重启视角出发,系统回顾国内外学者对中国碳市场与林业碳汇的研究,对CCER重启对碳市场的影响进行深入探讨。作为CCER的主要组成部分,针对林业碳汇进入碳市场面临的问题进行重点研究。研究表明:①国内林业碳汇项目与市场机制具有多样性,包括林业碳汇CDM国际项目、CCER国家项目、地方林业碳汇项目。CCER是各碳排放权交易试点与全国碳市场重要的交易品种;②CCER进入全国碳市场,对于多元化发展碳金融市场有一定帮助,可以丰富碳金融产品种类,增加碳市场活跃度;③林业碳汇参与碳市场交易仍然存在方法学不成熟、制度约束、产权不明晰、交易风险等问题。针对上述问题,本文提出了完善碳汇交易制度的政策体系、明晰林业碳汇产权等建议。

基于Simmechanics的偏置曲柄滑块机构运动学建模及仿真研究

为了提高偏置曲柄滑块机构的设计水平和效率,以MATLAB的动态仿真工具Simulink、Smmchanics为平台,建立了偏置曲柄滑块机构运动分析的仿真模型,具体阐明了这种建模方法与仿真的实现过程,结果表明该仿真方法能方便、准确地得到机构的运动数据,能为机构的选型、优化设计提供参考依据,并对其他类似机构的建模与仿真具有一定的参考价值。

基于改进YOLOv7-tiny的番茄叶片病虫害检测方法

为解决自然环境中番茄叶片病虫害检测场景复杂、检测精度较低,计算复杂度高等问题,该研究提出一种SLPYOLOv7-tiny的深度学习算法。首先,将主干特征提取网络中部分3×3的卷积Conv2D(2D convolution)改为分布偏移卷积DSConv2D(2D Depthwise Separable Convolution),以减少网络的计算量,并且使计算速度更快,占用内存更少;其次,将无参数注意力机制(parameter-free attention module,SimAM)融合到骨干特征提取网络中,加强模型对病虫害特征的有效提取能力和特征整合能力;最后,将原始YOLOv7-tiny的CIOU损失函数,更替为Focal-EIOU损失函数,加快模型收敛并降低损失值。试验结果表明,SLP-YOLOv7-tiny模型整体识别精准度、召回率、平均精度均值mAP_(0.5)(IOU阈值为0.5时的平均精度)、mAP_(0.5~0.95)(IOU阈值从0.5到0.95之间的平均精度)分别为95.9%、94.6%、98.0%、91.4%,与改进前YOLOv7-tiny相比,分别提升14.7、29.2、20.2、30个百分点,同时,计算量降低了62.6%。与YOLOv5n、YOLOv5s、YOLOv5m、YOLOv7、YOLOv7-tiny、Faster-RCNN、SSD目标检测模型相比,mAP_(0.5)分别提升了2.0、1.6、2.0、2.2、20.2、6.1和5.3个百分点,而计算量大小仅为YOLOv5s、YOLOv5m、YOLOv7、Faster-RCNN、SSD的31.5%、10.6%、4.9%、4.3%、3.8%。结果表明SLP-YOLOv7-tiny可以准确快速地实现番茄叶片病虫害的检测,且模型较小,可为番茄叶片病虫害的快速精准检测的发展提供一定的技术支持。

电动汽车无线充电系统恒流/恒压输出与抗偏移磁能耦合机构研究

在电动汽车无线充电系统中,负载锂电池的充电过程为先恒流再恒压,因此,无线电能传输(wireless power transfer,WPT)系统需要同时具备实现双输出的能力,且在双输出状态之间进行平稳切换。基于此,分析双边LCC(inductor-capacitor-capacitor)拓扑实现与负载无关的恒流/恒压输出条件,给出参数设计方法。针对系统可能会随机在不同方向上出现位移的情况,采用了双向同轴平面线圈的结构,即原边线圈由内外2个沿相反方向绕制的线圈串联组成。通过仿真和实验验证了本文提出的电动汽车无线充电系统具备同时实现恒流/恒压输出的能力,且在多方向偏移工况下实现稳定输出。

关于用能权交易采用节能量抵消机制的探讨

为进一步优化用能权交易体系,本文基于我国现行的用能权交易制度及实践,引入了节能量抵消机制。首先探讨了节能量抵消机制的引入对用能权交易的意义和作用,随后分析了实施该机制应当具备的条件以及现有用能权交易试点地区的具体实施做法。最后,针对引入节能量抵消机制可能引发的“双重核算”问题进行了深入分析与讨论,并对如何有效引入节能量抵消机制提出了具体建议。

基于压电阻抗技术的门式起重机健康监测研究

借助自行搭建的便携式电阻抗测试系统,对额定载重量41 t的龙门起重机进行加载过程监测。采用有限元分析的方法确定起重机加载时的应力分布云图,选择应力集中部位作为监测点。选择4个监测频段,在起重机加载前、加载中和加载后分别对压电传感器进行电阻抗信号测量。结果表明,随着测量频率的增大,压电传感器电阻抗幅值整体上呈现不断减小的趋势。高频段范围内电阻抗峰值和谷值数量更多,对于结构损伤监测的灵敏度更高。当被监测起重机金属结构无裂纹损伤时,整个加载周期内,电阻抗峰值和谷值对应频率不发生偏移。

国家公园生态产品市场化新路径——以生物多样性抵消和信用机制为例

国家公园提供数量最多、价值占比最大的生态产品是生态系统的调节服务,其生产供给主要依赖于生物多样性存量的稳定性和持续性。由于生物多样性的价值(如清洁的空气、干净的水)具有公共性和外部性,难以分清具体的权利人与受益者,因此受到“度量难”“交易难”“抵押难”“变现难”的“四难”制约,这使国家公园依靠财政支出的压力得不到有效缓解。根据“昆明⁃蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架”提供的“生物多样性抵消和信用”方法和英美澳等国的成功经验,建议我国将国家公园作为生物多样性信用提供方,通过与企业开展“横向”价值交换,创新使用将开发项目的生态环境影响抵消净零的指标交易模式,并通过绿色金融支持信用质押贷款、提升企业ESG评级等激励优化,辅以强制信息披露、市场准入许可等硬性约束,合力加速形成生物多样性信用投融资惠益国家公园并惠及周边社区的市场机制。

Key challenges and approaches to addressing barriers in forest carbon offset projects

Forest carbon offset(FCO)projects play an increasingly important role in mitigating climate change through market mechanisms in both compliance and voluntary markets.However,there are challenges and barriers to developing an FCO project,such as carbon leakage and cost-eff ectiveness.There have been few attempts to summarize and synthesize all types and aspects of existing challenges and possible solutions for FCO projects.This paper systematically reviews and discusses the current challenges involved in developing FCO projects,and then draws on the experience and lessons of existing projects to show how those challenges were addressed in world-leading voluntary carbon standards,namely the Verifi ed Carbon Standard,the American Carbon Registry,the Climate Action Reserve,and Plan Vivo.These voluntary markets have rich experience in FCO projects and are responsible for a signifi cant share of the market.From the 53 publications used in this analysis,three broad thematic categories of challenges emerged.These were related to methodology,socio-economic implications,and implementation.Methodological challenges,particularly additionality,permanence,and leakage,were the focus of 46%of the selected research papers,while socio-economic challenges,including transaction,social,and opportunity costs,were addressed by 35%.The remaining 19%of the research articles focused on implementational challenges related to monitoring,reporting,and verifi cation.Major voluntary standards adequately addressed most of the methodological and implementational barriers by adopting various approaches.However,the standards did not adequately address socio-economic issues,despite these being the second most frequently discussed theme in the papers analyzed.More research is clearly needed on the socio-economic challenges involved in the development of FCO projects.For the development of high-quality forestry carbon off set projects,there are many challenges and no simple,universal recipe for addressing them.However,it is crucial to build upon the current science and move forward with carbon projects which ensure eff ective,long-term carbon sinks and maximize benefi ts for biodiversity and people;this is particularly important with a growing public and private interest in this fi eld.

Lubrication characteristics of external return spherical hinge pair of axial piston pump or motor under combined action of inclination and offset distance

External return mechanism is a mechanical structure applied to axial piston pumps.To study its lubrication characteristics,the Reynolds equation applied to an external return spherical hinge pair was deduced based on the vector equation of relative-motion velocity of the external return spherical hinge pair under the influence of external swash plate inclination and offset distance.The results show that the total friction,axial leakage flow,and maximum value of the maximum oil-film pressure increase with increasing pump-shaft speed and decrease with increasing offset distance in one working cycle when the external-swash-plate inclination is constant.However,the varying offset distance has little effect on the axial leakage flow.The maximum value of the maximum oil-film pressure decreases with increasing external-swash-plate inclination and the total leakage flow increases with increasing external-swash-plate inclination in one working cycle when the offset distance is constant.It can be seen that the abovementioned parameters are important factors that affect the lubrication characteristics of external return spherical hinge pairs.Therefore,the complex effects of different coupling parameters should be comprehensively considered in the design of the external return mechanism.

Mechanical Properties of Moso Bamboo Connections with External Clamp Steel Plates

The Moso bamboo,a renewable green building material used in various new green buildings,have received exten-sive attention with the promotion of the concept of green buildings.To explore the mechanical properties of Moso bamboo connections with external clamp steel plates,the 16 specimens were designed by changing the bolt diameters and the end distances of the bolt holes.Their static tension tests were conducted to investigate bearing capacities and failure modes of different connection configurations.Based on test results,three failure modes of these connections were obtained,including the shear failure of bolt shank,bearing failure of bolt hole and punch-ing shear failure of the Moso bamboo.The influence of bolt diameters and end distances of bolt holes on bearing capacities of the connections was quantitatively analyzed.Based on a simplified mechanical model,the analytical models were deduced for the bolt shear failure and the bearing failure of bolt holes.The results showed that the predictive values are in substantial agreement with the experimental results.Finally,the design and manufacturing suggestions are recommended for this Moso bamboo connections.

搅拌针偏移量对铝/铜异质金属搅拌摩擦焊接过程和接头组织性能的影响

采用搅拌摩擦焊接技术对2 mm厚6061铝合金和紫铜合金异质金属进行对接试验,研究搅拌针偏移量对铝/铜异质金属接头组织和性能的影响。研究发现,由于铝和铜两种材料的流动性存在差异,随着搅拌针由铝侧向铜侧偏移,搅拌头-工件界面的温度无明显变化,而焊接过程中的前进阻力显著增大,且接头机械互锁程度也更加充分。对铝/铜异质接头微观形貌进行扫描电子显微镜分析,发现铝/铜界面处的金属间化合物层呈清晰的双层结构,分别为靠近铝侧的Al_(2)Cu层和靠近铜侧的Al_(4)Cu_(9)层,此外金属间化合物还以颗粒状和条带状等形貌分布在铝/铜界面附近。搅拌针偏向铜侧0.5 mm时得到的铝/铜异质接头机械互锁程度和金属间化合物分布最为理想,接头抗拉强度达到200 MPa。