Depth factors for undrained bearing capacity of circular footing by numerical approach

The undrained vertical bearing capacity of embedded foundation has been extensively studied using analytical and numerical methods.Through comparing the results of a circular embedded foundation in the literature,a significant difference between the bearing capacity factors and depth factors is observed.Based on the previous research findings,numerical computations using FLAC code are carried out in this study to evaluate the undrained bearing capacity of circular foundations with embedment ratios up to five for different base and side foundation roughness conditions.Unlike the foundation base,the roughness of the foundation side has a significant effect on the bearing capacity.The comparison of the present results with numerical studies available in the literature shows that the discrepancy is related to the procedures used to simulate the foundation side interface conditions and to the estimation of the bearing capacity.

AERODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF CIRCULAR PLATE-SHAPED AND CIRCULAR RING-SHAPED SQUEEZE FILM BEARINGS

Aerodynamics of circular plate- and circular ring-shaped squeeze film hearings is analyzed in detail, yielding analytic expressions for the pressure distribution of these hearings. Several formulae for these hearings are modified using the developed method. The paper also gives numerical results oj pressure distribution and load-hearing capacities of these hearings.

Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Hollow Spherical Joints Welded with Circular Pipes under Eccentric Loads

The hollow spherical joints welded with circular pipes applied to the National Swimming Center of China are subjected to large bending moments, but the influence of bending moments is not considered in the design equations in Technical Specification for Latticed Shells. Based on the von Mises yield criterion, multilinear isotropic hardening rule and associated flow rule, the elasto-plastic finite element model is put forward to analyze the behavior of the joints, and a calculation method for the joints under bending moments or eccentric loads is proposed. It is shown by the analytical results of joint that the stiffening rib can improve the ultimate bearing capacity by 10% for joints under axial tensile load, by 40% for joints under axial compressive load, and by 50% for joints under bending moment. The unified calculation equations for joints with or without stiffening rib are put forward, which can be applied to calculating the ultimate bearing capacity of the hollow spherical joints with circular pipes under eccentric loads.

Combined Bearing Capacity of Spudcans on a Double Layer Deposit of Strong-Over-Weak Clays

An extreme sea storm process can lead to a jack-up rig under the combined loading condition of vertical load(V), horizontal load(H), and moment(M) to have stability problems. This paper presents the analysis of combined bearing capacities of a circular spudcan on layered clays with a strong layer overlying a comparatively weaker layer. Numerical models combined with displacement-based load tests, swipe tests, and constant ratio displacement probe tests are adopted to calculate the uniaxial bearing capacities, failure envelopes in combined V-H, V-M planes, and failure envelopes in a combined V-H-M load space, respectively. A parametric study on the effects of vertical load level V, the layer strength ratio s_(u,t)/s_(u,b), and the hard layer thickness t_1 on the bearing capacities is then performed. Results show that the vertical load level is a key factor that influences the values of H and M and the size of the H-M failure envelope. The existence of the underlying weak clay decreases the bearing capacities in all directions, and the vertical capacity Vult is affected more than the horizontal(H_(ult)) and moment(M_(ult)) capacities based on a single uniform deposit. The influence of the underlying weak clay on H-M failure envelope is mainly shown where H and M are coupled in the same direction. In contrast, little difference is observed when H and M are coupled in opposite directions.

Evaluation of ultimate bearing capacity of Y-shaped vibro-pile

Based on Mindlin stress solution, a numerical computational method was proposed to calculate the stresses in the ground induced by side friction and the resistance of Y-shaped vibro-pile. The improved Terzaghi's and ЪерезанцевВГ's methods for ultimate bearing capacity evaluation were proposed by considering the stress strength induced by friction resistance at pile head level of Y-pile. A new method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of Y-pile was also proposed based on the assumptions of soil failure mode at the tip of Y-pile and the use of Mohr-Coulomb soil yield criterion and Vesic compressive correction coefficient with the induced stresses in the ground. Based on the comparisons with the field static load test results, it is found that the improved Terzaghi's method gives higher ultimate capacity, while the other two methods shows good agreement with the field results.

Compressive properties of glue-laminated timber circular post modified by basalt fiber reinforced polymer

Glued timber structure is one of the main forms of modern wood architecture,which has gradually developed towards mid-and high-rise buildings.Glue-laminated timber(GLT)is comprised of several laminates of parallel-to-grain dimension lumber that are bonded together with durable,moisture resistant structural adhesives.GLT can be used in horizontal applications as a beam and in vertical applications as a post.So,its compressive performance has a significant impact on structural safety.Fiber reinforced polymers(FRPs)were commonly used to improve the bearing capacity of GLT components,and the structural and process parameters largely determined the reinforcement effect.This study was aimed at investigating the influence of structural and process parameters on the axial compression performance of GLT components.Three wrapping methods(middle-part,end-part and full wrapping)and three lengths(0.6,0.8,and 1.0 m)of wood post specimens were designed in this work and the axial compression performance and ductility of GLT post specimens modified by basalt fiber reinforced polymer(BFRP)were studied.The results showed that the effect of different BFRP wrapping methods on the compressive strength and elastic modulus of laminated wood was not statistically significant(P>0.05).The compressive bearing capacity of unreinforced GLT posts decreased with the increase of aspect ratio.The GLT posts with middle-part and end-part wrapping still followed this pattern,while the compressive bearing capacity of GLT posts with full wrapping showed a pattern of first decreasing and then increasing.For GLT with low aspect ratios(4.0 or 5.3),there was no correlation between the wrapping method and the compressive bearing capacity,while the compressive bearing capacity of GLT with a high aspect ratio(6.7)for middle-part,end-part and full wrapping increased by 3.5%,7.5%and 9.7%,respectively.Compared to the unreinforced group,the ultimate axial compressive strength and modulus of elasticity(MOE)of the 6-E series specimens reinforced at both ends decreased by 2.58%and 6.70%,respectively.The ultimate axial compressive strength of the 8-E specimens reinforced at both ends increased by 8.62%and the MOE decreased by 1.91%.The compressive strength of the 10-E specimens reinforced at both ends increased by 7.51%and the MOE increased by 8.14%.The failure modes of GLT with different aspects were consistent under the same BFRP wrapping,while the failure modes of GLT with the same aspect ratio were different for different BFRP wrapping methods.The ductility performance of GLT with different aspects ratio was improved by the BFRP wrapping.

Load eccentricity effects on behavior of circular footings reinforced with geogrid sheets

In this paper, an experimental study for an eccentrically loaded circular footing, resting on a geogridreinforced sand bed, is performed. To achieve this aim, the steel model footing of 120 mm in diameterand sand in relative density of 60% are used. Also, the effects of depth of first and second geogrid layersand number of reinforcement layers （1e4） on the settlement-load response and tilt of footing undervarious load eccentricities （0 cm, 0.75 cm, 1.5 cm, 2.25 cm and 3 cm） are investigated. Test results indicatethat ultimate bearing capacity increases in comparison with unreinforced condition. It is observed thatwhen the reinforcements are placed in the optimum embedment depth （u/D ？0.42 and h/D ？0.42）, thebearing capacity ratio （BCR） increases with increasing load eccentricity to the core boundary of footing,and that with further increase of load eccentricity, the BCR decreases. Besides, the tilt of footing increaseslinearly with increasing settlement. Finally, by reinforcing the sand bed, the tilt of footing decreases at 2layers of reinforcement and then increases by increasing the number of reinforcement layers.

Experimental research on mechanical properties of prestressed truss concrete composite beam encased with circular steel tube

Tests of 4 simply supported unbonded prestressed truss concrete composite beams encased with circular steel tube were carried out. It is found that the ratio of the stress increment of the unbonded tendon to that of the tensile steel tube is 0.252 during the using stage,and the average crack space of beams depends on the ratio of the sum of the bottom chord steel tube's outside diameter and the secondary bottom chord steel tube's section area to the effective tensile concrete area. The coefficient of uneven crack distribution is 1.68 and the formula for the calculation of crack width is established. Test results indicate that the ultimate stress increment of unbonded tendon in the beams decreases in linearity with the increase of the composite reinforcement index β0. The pure bending region of beams accords with the plane section assumption from loading to failure. The calculation formula of ultimate stress increment of the unbonded tendon and the method to calculate the bearing capacity of normal section of beams have been presented. Besides,the method to calculate the stiffness of this sort of beams is brought forward as well.

Analysis of Dynamics of Boundary Shape Perturbation of a Rotating Elastoplastic Radially Inhomogeneous Plane Circular Disk: Analytical Approach

For a rotating inhomogeneous circular disk a way of calculating dynamics of boundary shape perturbation and failure of bearing capacity is proposed in terms of small parameter method. Characteristic equation of plastic zone critical radius is obtained as a first approximation. A formula of critical angular velocity is derived which determines the stability loss of the disc according to the self-balanced form. Efficiency of the proposed method is shown by an illustrative example considered in Section 7. Values of critical angular velocity of rotation are found numerically for different parameters of the disc.

局部锈蚀圆钢管混凝土短柱轴压承载力试验研究

钢管混凝土(CFST)在服役环境中被腐蚀,导致其钢结构承载力降低,严重威胁到结构的服役性能和使用寿命。首先,采用机加工车铣方法制作模拟局部锈蚀的人工缺陷,然后以钢管外表面局部环向贯通锈蚀位置、锈蚀钢管体积损失率、锈蚀外表面面积损失率(简称锈蚀面积损失率,下同)为试验参数,对45根局部锈蚀圆CFST短柱试件进行轴压承载力试验;其次,分析锈蚀位置、锈蚀钢管体积损失率、面积损失率和壁厚损失率对锈蚀试件承载力、刚度和延性的影响,揭示锈蚀CFST试件破坏机理和承载力退化机制;最后,针对局部锈蚀圆CFST短柱构件轴压承载力提出一个简化实用计算公式。研究结果表明:各试件具有类似的破坏特征,主要呈明显的腰鼓状破坏,且发生在锈蚀区;随着锈蚀钢管体积损失率增大,锈蚀CFST柱的承载力、刚度和延性均出现不同程度的降低;在锈蚀钢管体积损失率和面积损失率相同的情况下,就局部锈蚀位置影响而言,中部影响最大;就锈蚀程度表征参数影响而言,锈蚀钢管体积损失率影响最大,面积损失率次之,壁厚损失率最小;本文提出的简化实用公式可为圆钢管混凝土构件全寿命设计提供参考依据。

碟簧支承高速圆瓦推力轴承性能分析及标高误差影响研究

针对立式干气密封氦气压缩机轴系用高速圆瓦推力轴承承载性能问题,建立碟形弹簧支承推力轴承的润滑性能计算模型和搅拌功耗计算公式,分析圆形瓦推力轴承随转速、载荷的性能变化规律及标高误差对轴承润滑性能和支承碟形弹簧性能的影响。研究表明:轴承搅拌功耗与摩擦功耗的比值随转速和载荷的增大分别增大和减小,最高转速下搅拌功耗是摩擦功耗的两倍以上;弹性自适应调节技术可以有效改善瓦块标高误差对轴承承载平面度的影响,但各瓦标高误差越大,各瓦润滑性能及碟形弹簧积累的变形能差异也越大。因此,对于高速立式转子系统,推力轴承设计必须考虑搅拌功耗对轴承温升的影响,同时需要进一步研究标高误差对转子高速稳定性的影响。

圆钢管型钢再生混凝土组合柱水平承载力计算方法研究

通过对11个圆钢管型钢再生混凝土组合柱进行低周反复荷载试验,分析再生粗骨料取代率、型钢截面形式、轴压比、型钢配钢率及圆钢管壁厚参数对组合柱水平承载力的影响规律;观察了组合柱的破坏形态及特征,研究了圆钢管、型钢翼缘及腹板应变的发展规律,分析了组合柱的地震破坏特征。研究表明,在水平地震作用下组合柱发生典型的压弯塑性铰破坏。在此基础上,结合现有规范提出了基于叠加原理的圆钢管型钢再生混凝土组合柱水平承载力计算方法。计算结果表明,其水平承载力计算值与试验值吻合度较好,能较为准确地预测组合柱的水平承载力。

火灾后圆形孔蜂窝组合梁受力性能研究

圆形孔蜂窝组合梁火灾后的力学性能研究,可为受火后建筑结构性能评估提供参考依据。对4根火灾后圆形孔蜂窝组合梁及1根未过火处理圆形孔蜂窝组合梁开展静力加载试验,分析火灾、加劲肋设置、开孔率等因素对圆形孔蜂窝组合梁破坏形态、抗弯刚度及承载能力的影响。结果表明:降低开孔率可以提高火灾后圆形孔蜂窝组合梁的抗弯刚度和极限承载能力;设置加劲肋的火灾后圆形孔蜂窝组合梁与未设置加劲肋的构件相比,其极限承载能力提高了6.9%;火灾前、后,圆形孔蜂窝组合梁在静力荷载作用下均发生弯曲破坏,但火灾后其开裂荷载、极限承载能力和延性均出现不同幅度的下降;提出了具有良好精度的圆形孔蜂窝组合梁火灾后剩余抗弯承载力的计算方法。

水工隧洞光滑接触叠合式衬砌结构承载机理研究

为满足更高质量的建设要求,圆形水工隧洞衬砌结构形式在向多层衬砌叠合受力的方向转变。但目前仍缺少能精确量化隧洞围岩和多层衬砌共同承载时荷载分配的计算模型。为此,采用平面弹性复变函数理论的幂级数解法,基于围岩-衬砌之间的相互作用关系,建立了相应的力学模型,输出围岩和衬砌内任意位置处的应力分量;通过边界条件验证以及与数值解对比证明了该模型的正确性,并以珠三角水资源配置工程为例进行了研究分析。结果表明:①围岩和三层衬砌的径向正应力和环向正应力结果均符合类余弦分布,周期为π;②三层衬砌中内衬钢管的弹模相对最大,所以承载权重最大;③接触径向正应力由外至内趋于减小;④当接触条件不同时,叠合式衬砌承载规律亦不同,光滑接触下的径向正应力和切向正应力分布更平缓,并且同一衬砌内外两边界处的应力分布规律相反;⑤随着输水隧洞内水压增加,衬砌和围岩径向上趋于压缩,环向上则呈现扩胀趋势,这些影响均由内至外越发减弱。研究成果揭示了基于光滑接触关系的叠合式输水隧洞衬砌结构的荷载传递机理和规律,可以为该类型衬砌防护工程的设计和施工提供理论依据。

基于Workbench的高压圆盘气体轴承共轭传热研究

高压圆盘气体轴承流道间隙内高速气流的对流换热与轴承圆盘内部热传导紧密耦合在一起,是一个典型的共轭传热问题。基于ANSYS Workbench工作平台的Fluid Flow(Fluent)模块对高压圆盘气体轴承进行共轭传热数值模拟,获得轴承流道间隙内的速度和压力分布、流体域与固体域的温度分布以及共轭传热时流固耦合壁面的热流密度分布,并将其与非共轭传热恒温壁面条件下的计算结果进行对比,得到高压圆盘气体轴承共轭传热的一些基本特性。结果表明:2种情况下的计算结果存在较大差异,非共轭传热恒温壁面条件下,间隙内的气体只吸热,流体域耦合壁面上的热流密度均为正值;而共轭传热条件下流体域耦合壁面热流密度存在正负值,间隙内气体的吸热和放热同时存在,显示出轴承圆盘的热传导与间隙内气体的对流换热具有复杂的共轭作用机制;相比之下,采用共轭传热模型可以得到更为符合实际的结果。研究结果为该类轴承的设计和制造提供了有益的指导。

圆形钢管混凝土柱轴压承载力及承载力组成研究

为了研究相互作用下圆形钢管混凝土(circular concrete-filled steel tube,CCFST)柱中钢管和混凝土各自的承载力贡献,通过ABAQUS软件中的VUMAT子程序导入一种新的混凝土材料本构,建立了能够反映CCFST柱中钢管和混凝土相互作用的三维有限元模型,并通过试验数据验证了模型的荷载-位移曲线、钢管和混凝土的荷载-变形曲线以及侧向变形曲线。在此基础上分析了混凝土强度、钢管屈服强度、径厚比以及套箍系数对CCFST柱承载力及其组成的影响。然后结合有限元模型推导了CCFST柱在轴压荷载下峰值承载力的数学模型,模型中提出的钢管环向应力比例系数和混凝土承载力贡献系数可以评估钢管和混凝土的受力状态。将计算模型与现行规范及现有研究进行对比,发现提出的计算公式具有良好的计算精度,且可以评估钢管和混凝土各自的承载力贡献。

支管轴压下高强钢圆管X形节点的承载力计算公式

研究了支管受压的Q460、Q690、Q960高强钢圆管X形节点的静力性能。采用经试验数据验证的有限元模型进行节点有限元参数分析,研究高强钢牌号、支管与主管外径之比(β)、主管外径与其管壁厚度之比(2γ)、主管轴向应力比(n)对节点性能的影响;与有限元参数分析和文献中试验结果对比,评价我国钢结构设计标准计算公式的适用性。结果表明,节点发生主管塑性破坏,节点承载力多由主管局部变形限值(3%主管外径)确定;多数情况下钢结构设计标准计算公式高估了高强钢圆管X形节点的承载力;主管受到压力或较大拉力时均会降低节点承载力。最后,针对不同钢材牌号的圆管X形节点给出了建议的2γ范围。基于主管塑性破坏,提出了考虑高强钢屈服强度、主管拉压效应的圆管X形节点承载力计算公式。

圆不锈钢管混凝土短柱偏压性能试验研究

为研究圆形不锈钢管混凝土(Concrete-Filled Stainless Steel Tube,CFSST)短柱的偏压力学性能,本文对12根圆形CFSST短柱开展偏压试验,分析构件破坏过程、破坏形态、荷载-位移曲线、荷载-应变曲线、侧向挠度分布曲线,以及极限承载力等偏压力学性能指标。结果表明:圆形CFSST短柱的极限承载力随含钢率的增大而逐渐增大,随偏心率的增大而逐渐减小。通过国内外规范计算得到承载力,并将计算值与试验值进行对比,发现部分规范对圆形CFSST短柱偏压承载力预测结果偏差较大,而JCJ 01—1989《钢管混凝土结构设计与施工规程》计算结果最接近试验结果,推荐采用该规范预测圆形CFSST短柱偏压承载力。

Influence of Nonassociativity on the Bearing Capacity Factors of a Circular Footing

Numerical computations using the finite difference code FLAC (fast Lagrangian analysis of continua) are presented to evaluate the soil bearing capacity factors Nc,Nq and Nγ for circular smooth and rough footings. The influence of nonassociative flow rule on the ultimate bearing capacity of a circular footing is investigated. The footing rests on the surface of a homogeneous soil mass and a Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion have been assumed for the soil behavior. The values of ultimate bearing capacity factors Nc,Nq and Nγ are obtained for a wide range of values of the friction angle for five different values of the dilation angle. The values from the numerical simulation are found to decrease significantly with the increase of nonassociativity of the soil. The results are compared with those derived from existing classical solutions.

碳纤维布约束混凝土短柱轴压性能试验研究

采用碳纤维布,对6组混凝土短柱进行环向粘贴加固,考察了碳纤维布加固对短柱的轴心抗压极限承载能力的提升效果:分析了碳纤维布加固对短柱的破坏形态和荷载应变关系;通过各组试件试验结果的对比,分析了碳纤维布的用量、布置形式对轴心抗压承载力的影响。实验表明:随着包裹间距的减小,混凝土圆柱轴心受压逐渐增大,层数相同的情况下,加固面积越大,约束混凝土抗压强度和变形能力越大,对混凝土的加固效果越明显,因此加固过程中,可以采用CFRP纤维布增加混凝土圆柱的轴压性能。