基于SBAS-InSAR与Offset-Tracking的色东普流域灾前形变探究

利用SAR偏移量追踪(offset-tracking)技术获取冰川形变作为SBAS-InSAR的补充,采用2种技术计算2018-01~10色东普流域灾前形变,联合分析灾前形变特征及影响因素。结果表明,色东普流域冰川与沟道在2018-10-17冰崩灾害发生前已出现形变;冰川主要形变区形变趋势表现为加速-平缓-加速,7~9月形变量达到-7.69 m;沟道内堆积物长期呈下滑趋势,7月后与冰川均加速形变;气温升高是冰崩碎屑流灾害发生的主导因素。联合SBAS-InSAR与offset-tracking技术能够满足不同形变量级的监测需求,可用于冰崩灾害的早期识别与形变反演,为青藏高原地区冰崩灾害防治提供参考。

融合D-InSAR和Offset-tracking技术的矿区沉降信息提取

矿区开采沉陷具有沉降速度快、量值大的特点,针对使用合成孔径雷达干涉测量(InSAR)技术很难正确获取煤炭开采引起的地表下沉全盆地信息的问题,提出融合D-InSAR和Offset-tracking技术提取矿区沉降信息的方法。试验以陕西某矿52304工作面为例,分别采用D-InSAR和Offset_tracking技术提取了下沉盆地微小及大梯度形变信息,分析了D-InSAR中失相干问题和Offset_tracking的监测优势,最后将两者得到的结果进行融合,获取了工作面上方的时序形变图,实例中最大下沉处的相对误差为0.5%~7.3%。结果表明,Offset-tracking可以有效解决D-InSAR无法监测矿区大梯度沉降的问题,该方法可为矿区开采沉陷监测提供新的技术手段。

Wenchuan earthquake ruptures located by offset-tracking procedure of ENVISAT ASAR amplitude images

Two rupture zones of Wenchuan earthquake have been successfully located by an offset-tracking procedure of ENVISAT ASAR amplitude images.Accuracy of offset-tracking strongly depends on the quality of image coregistration.In order to remove noise caused by coregistration,a combined filter method is proposed to remove noise of estimated offsets.In addition,Kriging interpolation is applied to smooth the azimuth displacement offset map.The displacement offset maps of azimuth and range show that about 245 km and 60 km in length along Beichuan-Yingxiu fault and Guanxian-Jiangyou fault were ruptured by Wenchuan earthquake,respectively.The result of offset-tracking is validated by field observations of China Earthquake Administration.

Comparison of the precision of glacier flow rates derived from offset-tracking using Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8/9 imagery

Offset-tracking is an essential method for deriving glacier flow rates using optical imagery.Sentinel-2(S2)and Landsat-8/9(L8/9)are popular optical satellites or constellations for polar studies,offering high spatial resolution with relatively short revisit time,wide swath width,and free accessibility.To evaluate and compare the precision of offset-tracking results yielded with these two kinds of data,in this study S2 and L8/9 imagery observed in Petermann Glacier in Greenland,Karakoram in High-Mountains Asia,and Amery Ice Shelf in the Antarctic are analyzed.Outliers and various systematic error sources in the offset-tracking results including orbital and strip errors were analyzed and eliminated at the pre-process stage.Precision at the off-glacier(bare rock)region was evaluated by presuming that no deformation occurred;then for both glacierized and the off-glacier regions,precision of velocity time series was evaluated based on error propagation theory.The least squares method based on connected components was used to solve flow rates time series based on multi-pair images offset-tracking.The results indicated that S2 achieved slightly higher precision than L8/9 in terms of both single-pair derived displacements and least square solved daily flow rates time series.Generally,the RMSE of daily velocity is 26%lower for S2 than L8/9.Moreover,S2 provided higher temporal resolution for monitoring glacier flow rates.

Seasonal variations in glacier velocity in the High Mountain Asia region during 2015–2020

Velocity is an important component of glacier dynamics and directly reflects the response of glaciers to climate change.As a result,an accurate determination of seasonal variation in glacier velocity is very important in understanding the annual variation in glacier dynamics.However,few studies of glacier velocity in the High Mountain Asia(HMA)region were done.Along these lines,in this work,based on Sentinel-1 glacier velocity data,the distribution of glacier velocity in the HMA region was plotted and their seasonal variations during 2015-2020 were systematically analysed.The average glacier velocity in the HMA region was 0.053 m/d,and was positively correlated with the glacier area and slope.Glaciers in the Karakoram Mountains had the fastest average flow velocity(0.060 m/d),where the glaciers exhibited the largest average area and average slope.Moreover,glaciers in the GangdisêMountains had the slowest velocity(0.022 m/d)and the smallest average glacier area.The glacier flows were the fastest in spring(0.058 m/d),followed by summer(0.050 m/d),autumn(0.041 m/d),and winter(0.040 m/d).In addition,the glacier flows were the maximum in May,being 1.4 times of the annual average velocity.In some areas,such as the Qilian,Altun,Tibetan Interior,Eastern Kunlun,and Western Kunlun mountains,the peak glacier velocities appeared in June and July.The glacier velocity in the HMA region decreased in midsummer and reached the minimum in December when it was 75%of the annual average.These results highlight the role of meltwater in the seasonal variation in glacier flows in late spring and early summer.The seasonal velocity variation of lake-terminating glaciers was similar to that of land-terminating ones,but the former flowed faster.The velocity difference close to the mass balance line between the lake-and land-terminating glaciers was obviously greater in spring than in other seasons.In summer,the difference between the lake-and land-terminating glaciers at a normalized distance of 0.05-0.40 from the terminus was significantly greater than those of other seasons.The velocity difference between the lake-and land-terminating glaciers is closely related to the variable of ice thickness,and also to the frictional force of the terminal base reduced by proglacial lakes.Thus,it can be concluded that in addition to the variation of the glacier thickness and viscosity,the variation of glacier water input also plays a key role in the seasonal variation of glacier velocity.

Characteristics of mountain glacier surge hazard: learning from a surge event in NE Pamir, China

Abnormal glacier movement is likely to result in canyon-type hazards chain,such as the barrier lake of Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon formed by glacier debris flow in October 2018 in China.Glacier hazard usually evolves from the glacier surge and may occur in a regular cycle.Understanding the characteristics and process of glacier surge is important for early hazard recognition and hazard assessment.Based on field investigations,remote sensing interpretations and SAR offset-tracking surveys,this study confirms a typical glacier surge in the northeast Pamir,and presents its characteristics and processes."Black ice"mixed moraines choking uplift and overflowing lateral marine are the most important scenic characteristics,which were formed under the conditions of stagnant glacier downstream and abundant super-glacial moraine.Glacier movement event can be divided into a five-period cycle including quiescent,inoculation,initiation,fracture and decline.This surge event lasted for about 300 days,initiated in February 2015 developed extensive fracturing zone in spring and early summer at maximum velocity of 10±0.95 m/day,declined after August 2015 and recovered to quiescent status in October 2015 for the next inoculation.The average height of glacier"receiving"area increased by 20-40 m with 2.7-3.6×10^8 m^3 ice transferred from glacier"reservoir",and this volume accumulation again require 50-100 years for glacier mass balance which gives approximately 100 years frequency of the glacier surge.Nevertheless,long-period increase of precipitation and temperature were favorable for the occurrence,hydrological instability is the direct triggering mechanism,and while the Glacier Lake Outburst Flood(GLOF)hazards are unlikely to occur with this surge.

融合InSAR技术的矿区大梯度形变研究

针对矿区开采沉陷沉降量级大、形变剧烈,传统InSAR技术监测过程易出现影像失相干,监测精度较低的问题,以山西省某矿区9103工作面为例,提出SBAS-InSAR和Offset-tracking技术联合监测的方法。采用SBAS-InSAR监测沉陷盆地边缘地区微小形变,采用Offset-tracking技术监测沉陷盆地中心区域大梯度形变,并将二者的形变信息进行融合,从而获得整个采掘工作面上方地表时空变化规律。研究表明,其监测结果与实测数据吻合度较好,满足开采沉陷监测的一般精度要求,融合SBAS-InSAR和Offset-tracking技术可以有效地解决传统InSAR技术只能监测微小形变的问题,为矿区开采沉陷大梯度形变监测以及环境治理提供新的理论思路。