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Oil Spill Risk Assessment of Offshore Pipeline in the Bohai Sea Under the Perspective of Ecological Protection 被引量:2
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作者 ZHANG Kuncheng WANG Xing +3 位作者 LIU Ying TIAN Shizheng WU Lunyu WAN Xiaole 《Journal of Ocean University of China》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2023年第3期649-657,共9页
In recent decades,the exploration and development of marine oil and gas resources have increased significantly to meet the increasing energy demand of mankind.The Bohai Sea is a semi-closed continental sea that has a ... In recent decades,the exploration and development of marine oil and gas resources have increased significantly to meet the increasing energy demand of mankind.The Bohai Sea is a semi-closed continental sea that has a weak water exchange capacity and high ecological fragility.However,at present,more than 200 oil platforms have been built in the Bohai Sea,with more than 270 offshore oil pipelines having a length exceeding 1600 km.The oil spill pollution of offshore platforms has a great impact on the marine environment and ecosystems.Therefore,a comprehensive assessment of its risks is of great practical significance.This paper systematically constructs a comprehensive oil spill risk assessment model that combines the oil spill risk probability model and the ocean hydrodynamic model.This paper uses the Bohai Sea offshore pipeline as an example to assess its oil spill risk.The high-risk-value areas of the Bohai Sea offshore pipeline are mainly distributed at the bottom of Liaodong Bay,the bottom of Bohai Bay,near the Caofeidian area,and the northern part of the Yellow River Estuary. 展开更多
关键词 oil spill risk assessment Bohai Sea spill frequency offshore pipeline HYDRODYNAMIC
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Environmental Impact Assessment Follow-Up of Seismic Survey Offshore Activities in Brazil
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作者 Fontes Nuno Eduardo Paulo Marcelo Montaño 《Journal of Environmental Protection》 2024年第2期141-155,共15页
Follow-up of environmental impacts is an integral part of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process, closely related to the effectiveness of the instrument. EIA follow-up has been receiving a lot of interest f... Follow-up of environmental impacts is an integral part of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process, closely related to the effectiveness of the instrument. EIA follow-up has been receiving a lot of interest from scientists and practitioners, though it is recognized as one of the weakest points of EIA systems globally. Also, EIA follow-up is influenced by the context, mainly in terms of the types of projects or activities and their related impacts on the environment. Therefore, the present paper is focused on the investigation of the follow-up stage applied to the activity of seismic survey coupled with offshore oil & gas exploitation in Brazil. Research was based on a qualitative approach that included document analysis and semi-structured interviews with analysts involved in EIA processes, and sought to generate evidence of effectiveness of the EIA follow-up as conducted by the Federal Environment Agency (Ibama) in order to situate the practice of follow-up in the broader context of international best practice principles. Based on the findings, it was concluded that, due to the peculiarities of offshore seismic survey, it is necessary to promote adaptations in the procedures for monitoring impacts in order to ensure proper alignment with the principles and conceptual foundations that guide EIA practice. Specifically, the timing of the execution of the activity imposes challenges for its integration into the “conventional” cycle that has guided the monitoring of the impacts in the EIA of projects. 展开更多
关键词 Environmental Impact Assessment Follow-Up Follow-Up Effectiveness oil and Gas offshore Seismic Survey
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Fault diagnosis and analysis of main sea water pump based on vibration monitoring in offshore oil field 被引量:1
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作者 李进 赵晨光 +4 位作者 何杉 王庆国 翟爽 王鹏 杨在江 《Journal of Measurement Science and Instrumentation》 CAS CSCD 2015年第4期327-331,共5页
The main sea water pump is the key equipment for the floating production storage and offloading (FPSO). Affected by some factors such as hull deformation, sea water corrosion, rigid base and pipeline stress, the vib... The main sea water pump is the key equipment for the floating production storage and offloading (FPSO). Affected by some factors such as hull deformation, sea water corrosion, rigid base and pipeline stress, the vibration value of main sea water pump in the horizontal direction is abnormally high and malfunctions usually happen. Therefore, it is essential to make fault diagnosis of main sea water pump, By conventional off-line monitoring and vibration amplitude spectrum analysis, the fault cycle is found and the alarm value and stop value of equipment are set, which is helpful to equipment maintenance and accident prevention. 展开更多
关键词 vibration monitoring fault diagnosis equipment management centrifugal pump offshore oil field predictive maintenance
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MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF LONGITUDINAL SUBMERGED ARC WELDED STEEL PIPES USED FOR GAS PIPELINE OF OFFSHORE OIL 被引量:10
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作者 Z.Z. Yang W. Tian +5 位作者 Q.R. Ma Y.L. Li J.K. Li J.Z. Gao H.B. Zhang Y.H. Yang 《Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters)》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2008年第2期85-93,共9页
Since the development of offshore oil and gas, increased submarine oil and gas pipelines were installed. All the early steel pipes of submarine pipelines depended on importing because of the strict requirements of com... Since the development of offshore oil and gas, increased submarine oil and gas pipelines were installed. All the early steel pipes of submarine pipelines depended on importing because of the strict requirements of comprehensive properties, such as, anti-corrosion, resistance to pressure and so on. To research and develop domes- tic steel pipes used for the submarine pipeline, the Longitudinal-seam Submerged Arc Welded (LSAW) pipes were made of steel plates cut from leveled hot rolled coils by both the JCOE and UOE (the forming process in which the plate like the letter “J”, “C”, “0” or “U” shape, then expansion) forming processes. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the pipe base metal and weld metal were tested, and the results were in accordance with the corresponding pipe specification API SPEC 5L or DNV- OS-FI01, which showed that domestic LSAW pipes could be used for submarine oil and gas pipelines. 展开更多
关键词 Mechanical properties offshore oil and gas Longitudinal-seamsubmerged arc welded pipe (LSA W) Pipeline JCOE formingprocess UOE forming process
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Multistring analysis of wellhead movement and uncemented casing strength in offshore oil and gas wells 被引量:7
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作者 Liu Xiuquan Chen Guoming +3 位作者 Chang Yuanjiang Zhang Lei Zhang Weiguo Xie Hua 《Petroleum Science》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2014年第1期131-138,共8页
This paper presents a theoretical method and a finite element method to describe wellhead movement and uncemented casing strength in offshore oil and gas wells.Parameters considered in the theoretical method include o... This paper presents a theoretical method and a finite element method to describe wellhead movement and uncemented casing strength in offshore oil and gas wells.Parameters considered in the theoretical method include operating load during drilling and completion and the temperature field,pressure field and the end effect of pressure during gas production.The finite element method for multistring analysis is developed to simulate random contact between casings.The relevant finite element analysis scheme is also presented according to the actual procedures of drilling,completion and gas production.Finally,field cases are presented and analyzed using the proposed methods.These are four offshore wells in the South China Sea.The calculated wellhead growths during gas production are compared with measured values.The results show that the wellhead subsides during drilling and completion and grows up during gas production.The theoretical and finite element solutions for wellhead growth are in good agreement with measured values and the deviations of calculation are within 10%.The maximum von Mises stress on the uncemented intermediate casing occurs during the running of the oil tube.The maximum von Mises stress on the uncemented production casing,calculated with the theoretical method occurs at removing the blow-out-preventer (BOP) while that calculated with the finite element method occurs at gas production.Finite element solutions for von Mises stress are recommended and the uncemented casings of four wells satisfy strength requirements. 展开更多
关键词 offshore oil and gas wells drilling and completion gas production wellhead movement uncemented casing strength gap element
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Development of an oil spill forecast system for offshore China 被引量:2
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作者 王永刚 魏泽勋 安伟 《Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2016年第4期859-870,共12页
An oil spill forecast system for of fshore China was developed based on Visual C++. The oil spill forecast system includes an ocean environmental forecast model and an oil spill model. The ocean environmental forecast... An oil spill forecast system for of fshore China was developed based on Visual C++. The oil spill forecast system includes an ocean environmental forecast model and an oil spill model. The ocean environmental forecast model was designed to include timesaving methods, and comprised a parametrical wind wave forecast model and a sea surface current forecast model. The oil spill model was based on the "particle method" and fulfi lls the prediction of oil particle behavior by considering the drifting, evaporation and emulsifi cation processes. A specifi c database was embedded into the oil spill forecast system, which contained fundamental information, such as the properties of oil, reserve of emergency equipment and distribution of marine petroleum platform. The oil spill forecast system was successfully applied as part of an oil spill emergency exercise, and provides an operational service in the Research and Development Center for Off shore Oil Safety and Environmental Technology. 展开更多
关键词 oil spill China offshore particle method emergency service
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Exploration prospects of oil and gas in the Northwestern part of the Offshore Indus Basin, Pakistan 被引量:3
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作者 Jian-ming Gong Jing Liao +5 位作者 Jie Liang Bao-hua Lei Jian-wen Chen Muhammad Khalid Syed Waseem Haider Ming Meng 《China Geology》 2020年第4期633-642,共10页
Oil and gas resources are short in Pakistan and no commercially viable oil and gas sources have been yet discovered in its offshore areas up to now.In this study,the onshore-offshore stratigraphic correlation and seis... Oil and gas resources are short in Pakistan and no commercially viable oil and gas sources have been yet discovered in its offshore areas up to now.In this study,the onshore-offshore stratigraphic correlation and seismic data interpretation were conducted to determine the oil and gas resource potential in the Offshore Indus Basin,Pakistan.Based on the comprehensive analysis of the results and previous data,it is considered that the Cretaceous may widely exist and three sets of source rocks may be developed in the Offshore Indus Basin.The presence of Miocene mudstones has been proven by drilling to be high-quality source rocks,while the Cretaceous and Paleocene–Eocene mudstones are potential source rocks.Tectonic-lithologic traps are developed in the northwestern part of the basin affected by the strike-slip faults along Murray Ridge.Furthermore,the Cretaceous and Paleocene–Eocene source rocks are thick and are slightly affected by volcanic activities.Therefore,it can be inferred that the northwestern part of Offshore Indus Basin enjoys good prospects of oil and gas resources. 展开更多
关键词 oil and gas CRETACEOUS offshore Indus Basin oil storage structure oil and gas engineering Pakistan
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Development and Application of Oil-Spill Risk Assessment Model for Offshore Pipeline 被引量:2
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作者 LU Yan WANG Jia +2 位作者 WEI Wenpu YANG Yong AN Wei 《Journal of Ocean University of China》 SCIE CAS 2014年第3期415-420,共6页
To the potential oil-spill risk caused by offshore pipeline more attention has been paid after the Dalian oil spill incident from oil-pipeline explosion. Since then an issue about how to prevent and control the sudden... To the potential oil-spill risk caused by offshore pipeline more attention has been paid after the Dalian oil spill incident from oil-pipeline explosion. Since then an issue about how to prevent and control the sudden oil-spill from the offshore pipeline has been raised. In this paper, we proposed an optimized model to analyze the main causes(probability) of spill and the consequence with the fuzzy comprehensive assessment model. Considering the complicated assessment process for oil-spill, the assessment factor system involving the spill probability and consequence was established based on the operative manual and statistic leakage/damage data of offshore pipeline in order to estimate the integrated spill risk score automatically. The evaluated factors of spill probability could be grouped into five aspects: corrosion, fatigue, national damage, third party, and operational fault; the consequence evaluated factors of spill included hazard of oil and impact-controlling capability. With some modifications based on experts' opinions, each of the evaluated factors in our work was developed with a relative weight and evaluation criterion. A test example for an offshore pipeline in the Bohai waters was described to show how the model can be used for an actual case in more detail. By using the oil-spill risk assessment model, it is easy to determine the risk level associated with the ongoing activity and management level and hence to take the risk mitigation action immediately. 展开更多
关键词 oil spill risk assessment spill probability spill consequence fuzzy comprehensive assessment model offshore pipeline
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Opportunities and Challenges of Robotics and Automation in Offshore Oil &Gas Industry 被引量:2
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作者 Heping Chen Samuel Stavinoha +2 位作者 Michael Walker Biao Zhang Thomas Fuhlbrigge 《Intelligent Control and Automation》 2014年第3期136-145,共10页
The oil and gas industry will continue to boom in the coming few decades. Obtaining oil and gas from conventional and non-conventional resources will become more and more challenging. This intensifying need will impos... The oil and gas industry will continue to boom in the coming few decades. Obtaining oil and gas from conventional and non-conventional resources will become more and more challenging. This intensifying need will impose very considerable demands on work force, financial and technology capabilities. Since the future supplies of oil and gas are to expand, advanced technology will become increasingly necessary to obtain access to more challenging conventional and non-conventional resources. Therefore oil and gas technologies will be very costly to operate in the coming future due to hostile, hard-to-reach environments. The offshore oil industry will become a complicated myriad of advanced equipment, structures, and work force. Our objectives are to identify potential applications and research directions of robotics and automation in the oil & gas field and explore the obstacles and challenges of robotic and automation applications to this area. This study performs the necessary survey and investigation about the work conditions of robotics and automation equipment in the oil and gas industry, especially offshore oil rigs. The oil & gas industry processes are first investigated. The personals and tasks are then explored. Furthermore, this paper reviews the current robotic automation technology. The challenges and requirements are identified for robotics and automation equipment in the oil and gas industry. The requirements of robotics and automation in the oil & gas industry are presented. Future research opportunities are discussed from a technical perspective. 展开更多
关键词 oil & GAS Robot Automation Hazardous Environment TELEOPERATION offshore oil & GAS Industry
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Preparation and Application of Polymer Silicate Phosphate Ferric Sulfate Used in High-Viscosity Oil Refining Wastewater Treatment 被引量:1
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作者 Xi CHEN Xinyang XU Yindi FAN 《Journal of Water Resource and Protection》 2009年第3期195-202,共8页
A new kind of flocculants, named Polymer Silicate Phosphate Ferric Sulfate(PSPFS), was synthesized by ferrous sulfate used as the main material and activated silicic acid as additive. In this paper, High-Viscosity Oil... A new kind of flocculants, named Polymer Silicate Phosphate Ferric Sulfate(PSPFS), was synthesized by ferrous sulfate used as the main material and activated silicic acid as additive. In this paper, High-Viscosity Oil Refining wastewater from Liaohe Petrochemical Corporation was the treatment object. Overall, the in-fluencing factors and synthesis technology conditions of PSPFS were determined by experiments. First of all, the conditions of influencing factors were showed as follows: the mass percent concentration of ferrous sulfate 55%,concentration of sodium silicate 15% , the molar ratio of ferrous sulfate and hydrogen peroxide 1.2:1, oxidation temperature 40 degree Celsius, oxidation time 4 hours, polymerization temperature 60 de-gree Celsius and polymerization time 2 hours. Secondly, the optimal ratios of components were determined by uniform design method. The molar ratio of Fe/Si is 5.0:1, Fe/H2SO4 is 3.2:1, and Fe/P is 18.0:1. At last, the optimal experimental condition was determined as follows: the dosing quantity 200mg/L, pH value 5.5~9, temperature 25~45℃, stirring time 2 min, and standing time 3 min, according to the result of floc-culation experiments with PSPFS. Besides, the result of the comparative experiments showed that the effi-ciency of PSPFS was much better than the reference flocculants. 展开更多
关键词 POLYMER SILICATE PHOSPHATE Ferric Sulfate FLOCCULANT PREPARATION high-viscosity oil Refining Wastewater
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Combined stochastic and discrete simulation to optimise the economics of mixed single-horizontal and multilateral well offshore oil developments 被引量:1
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作者 ALMEDALLAH Mohammed ALTAHEINI Suleiman Khalid +1 位作者 CLARK Stuart WALSH Stuart 《Petroleum Exploration and Development》 CSCD 2021年第5期1183-1197,共15页
Multilateral wells promise cost savings to oil and fields as they have the potential to reduce overall drilling distances and minimize the number of slots required for the surface facility managing the well.However,dr... Multilateral wells promise cost savings to oil and fields as they have the potential to reduce overall drilling distances and minimize the number of slots required for the surface facility managing the well.However,drilling a multilateral well does not always increase the flow rate when compared to two single-horizontal wells due to competition in production inside the mother-bore.Here,a holistic approach is proposed to find the optimum balance between single and multilateral wells in an offshore oil development.In so doing,the integrated approach finds the highest Net Present Value(NPV)configuration of the field considering drilling,subsurface,production and financial analysis.The model employs stochastic perturbation and Markov Chain Monte-Carlo methods to solve the global maximising-NPV problem.In addition,a combination of Mixed-Integer Linear Programming(MILP),an improved Dijkstra algorithm and a Levenberg-Marquardt optimiser is proposed to solve the rate allocation problem.With the outcome from this analysis,the model suggests the optimum development including number of multilateral and single horizontal wells that would result in the highest NPV.The results demonstrate the potential for modelling to find the optimal use of petroleum facilities and to assist with planning and decision making. 展开更多
关键词 multilateral well horizontal well well pattern optimisation drilling cost Net Present Value offshore oil development
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Analysis of Offshore Oil Pipeline Floating Laying
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作者 Liang Zheng Lecture, Southwest Petroleum Institute, Nanchong 637001, Sichun Province 《China Ocean Engineering》 SCIE EI 1994年第1期95-104,共10页
-Based on the calculation model for the floating laying of the offshore oil pipeline, this paper analyses in detail the internal force, and deformation of the pipeline under a definite structural form (pipeline and bu... -Based on the calculation model for the floating laying of the offshore oil pipeline, this paper analyses in detail the internal force, and deformation of the pipeline under a definite structural form (pipeline and buoy) and the way of pulling. The obtained results can be used for the buoy deployment, structure design, and the determination of pulling parameters (the pulling force of the cable and its length, etc.), providing an effective analysis method for floating pipeline-laying. A calculation example is given to show the related calculation process and the main results are analyzed and discussed. 展开更多
关键词 BUOY offshore oil pipeline floating pipeline-laying pulling state
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Mechanics of a Grip System of Three-Key-Board Hydraulic Tongs Developed for Offshore Oil Pipe Lines
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作者 Zhao, JY Guo, AJ +1 位作者 Ding, KQ Liu, CT 《China Ocean Engineering》 SCIE EI 1999年第1期101-108,共8页
This paper carries out the analysis of mechanics of a grip system of three-key-board hydraulic tongs developed for offshore oil pipe lines which has been successfully used in oil fields in China. The main improvement ... This paper carries out the analysis of mechanics of a grip system of three-key-board hydraulic tongs developed for offshore oil pipe lines which has been successfully used in oil fields in China. The main improvement of this system is that a lever frame structure is used in the structural design, which reduces greatly the stresses of the major components of the oil pipe tongs. Theoretical analysis and numerical calculation based on thirteen basic equations developed Show that the teeth board of the tongs is not easy to slip as frequently happens to other systems and is of higher reliability. 展开更多
关键词 grip system three-key-board hydraulic tongs offshore oil pipe lines stress analysis
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Coating Protection for Production Facilities of Offshore Oil Fields
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作者 Zhu, Chengde 《China Ocean Engineering》 SCIE EI 1993年第4期467-474,共8页
This paper describes coating protection of production facilities of offshore oil fields based on the practice of development of Bohai Offshore Oil Field, with focus laid on the selection of coating systems, surface pr... This paper describes coating protection of production facilities of offshore oil fields based on the practice of development of Bohai Offshore Oil Field, with focus laid on the selection of coating systems, surface preparation, coating application, as well as coating inspection for four types of major production facilities. 展开更多
关键词 Coating techniques CORROSION INSPECTION Ocean engineering offshore structures oil field equipment PAINT Protective coatings Surface treatment
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Research on Optimization of Reservoir Perforation Position in Offshore Polymer Flooding Oilfield
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作者 Lizhen Ge Xinran Wang +2 位作者 Xiaolin Zhu Zhiqiang Zhu Zhiqiang Meng 《Journal of Power and Energy Engineering》 2019年第7期15-28,共14页
In order to enhance the effect of polymer flooding in offshore oilfields, so as to realize the longer stable production period and higher oil recovery, the reservoir perforation positions of production wells and injec... In order to enhance the effect of polymer flooding in offshore oilfields, so as to realize the longer stable production period and higher oil recovery, the reservoir perforation positions of production wells and injection wells are taken as research objects. By analyzing the distribution of remaining oil and production characteristics under different perforation positions, the optimum perforation positions of production wells and injection wells are selected. Bohai oilfield L was taken as target oilfield in this article, according to the actual reservoir characteristic parameters, three-dimensional laboratory physical simulation experiments of water flooding and polymer flooding were carried out, the experiments include different perforation positions of production wells and injection wells. The research result showed that the influence of perforation position on residual oil and development characteristics of the model is obvious. When takes the scheme of injection well upper part perforated and production well all part perforated, the least of the remaining oil distribution, the longest of the production period without water. Contrast with other perforation schemes, its stable production period increase about 1.2 times, the oil recovery of water flooding increase 3.7% - 6.0%, the oil recovery of polymer flooding increase 2.5% - 4.1%. So it is recommended as the best perforation scheme. Preferable effect had been achieved when translating research findings into practice. It can serve as a reference to the similar offshore oilfield. 展开更多
关键词 Polymer Flooding Laboratory Experiment PERFORATION POSITION REMAINING oil Distribution Law Enhance oil Recovery offshore oilFIELD
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China Offshore Oil Industry and Foreign Investment
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作者 Ru Ke(Vice Chief Geologist, China National Offshore Oil Corp) 《China Oil & Gas》 CAS 1994年第3期5-7,共3页
The history of China's offshore oil industry can be traced back to late 1950's when geophysical surveys started in limited offshore areas.Then,in 1960's and 1970's,a few exploratory wells scattered fro... The history of China's offshore oil industry can be traced back to late 1950's when geophysical surveys started in limited offshore areas.Then,in 1960's and 1970's,a few exploratory wells scattered from north down to south were drilled resulting in a number of discoveries with the total proven oil in place being merely 40 million tons.In fact,the China's offshore oil industry in a real sence did not emerge on the horizon until early 1980's when China opened its door to outside world and the China National Offshore Oil Corporation(CNOOC)was born. 展开更多
关键词 offshore MARINE exploration oil and gas FIELDS INVESTMENT FOREIGN policy Strategy
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International Law on Liability and Compensation in the Offshore Oil & Gas Industry
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作者 Erik ter Brake 《Journal of Shipping and Ocean Engineering》 2016年第3期185-190,共6页
Offshore oil and gas exploration and production comes with risk of release of hydrocarbons in to sea. Today, the probability of such an event is relatively low, but the consequences are nevertheless significant and ca... Offshore oil and gas exploration and production comes with risk of release of hydrocarbons in to sea. Today, the probability of such an event is relatively low, but the consequences are nevertheless significant and can cover a vast geographical area. As such, it raises the question as to whether liability and compensation in oil & gas related incidents should be covered under international law. Current international legislation addresses the issue mainly in terms of shipping. This paper attempts to shed light on the topic in relation to oil and gas exploration whilst investigating notable events in the UK and the USA. The findings show that domestic laws of these countries cover the matter sufficiently. However, the question of whether the regulation should fall under international regulation can unfortunately not be answered with confidence as it would require a test-case of a situation where an oil spill affects multiple littoral states. 展开更多
关键词 International law offshore oil gas LIABILITY Macondo.
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Upgrading, Transforming, and Standardizing of Offshore Oil Drilling Equipment in China
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作者 Liu Shujie Yang Xiangqian +1 位作者 Guo Hua Zhou Chao 《China Oil & Gas》 CAS 2016年第3期31-37,共7页
This paper discusses the development of China's oil exploration & drilling equipment, and it focuses mainly on the domestication, industrialization, and standardization of fixed offshore drilling rigs primaril... This paper discusses the development of China's oil exploration & drilling equipment, and it focuses mainly on the domestication, industrialization, and standardization of fixed offshore drilling rigs primarily constructed by CNOOC. Considering the manufacturing of and application of deepwater drilling equipment in China, the authors put forward suggestions regarding industry policies and the standardization of China's offshore engineering equipment. 展开更多
关键词 offshore oil drilling equipment Drilling rig Industry policy STANDARDIZATION
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Rules for Supervision and Inspection of Offshore Oil Industry
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作者 Dai Zhongliang and Song Lisong (China National Offshore Oil Corp.) 《China Oil & Gas》 CAS 1994年第4期34-35,共2页
关键词 oil industry offshore SAFETY TECHNOLOGY Supervisory control Inspecting REGULATION
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Chinese oil giants win Brazil offshore auction
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《China Oil & Gas》 CAS 2017年第4期61-61,共1页
Chinese oil giants are eyeing an expanded presence in Brazil, winning holdings in three blocks awarded in Brazil's deepwater oil auction in a historic opening of the pre-salt play to foreign operators. Consortiums co... Chinese oil giants are eyeing an expanded presence in Brazil, winning holdings in three blocks awarded in Brazil's deepwater oil auction in a historic opening of the pre-salt play to foreign operators. Consortiums comprising China's three major oil giants, China National Petroleum Corp, China Petroleum & Chemical Corp and China National Offshore Oil Corp, have respectively won three blocks recently, deepening the energy cooperation between the two countries. China has the technology, 展开更多
关键词 Chinese oil giants Brazil offshore auction
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