Study on Dynamic Characteristics of Hydraulic Pumping Unit on Offshore Platform

A new technology of offshore oil rod pumping production is developed for offshore heavy oil recovery. A new type of miniature hydraulic pumping unit with long-stroke, low pumping speed and compact structure is designed based on the spatial characteristics of offshore platforms. By combining the strengths of sinusoidal velocity curve and trapezoidal velocity curve, a kinematical model of the acceleration, the velocity and displacement of the pumping unit＇s hanging point is established. The results show that the pumping unit has good kinematic characteristics of smooth motion and small dynamic load. The multi-degree-of-freedom dynamic model of the single-well pumping unit is established. The first and second order natural frequencies of the sucker rod string subsystem and the pumping unit subsystem are studied. The results show that the first and the second order natural frequencies among the pumping rod string, pumping unit-platform subsystem and the dynamic excitation have differences over 5 times from each other, indicating that resonance phenomenon will not appear during the operation and the dynamic requirements for field use are met in the system.

Assessment of Fatigue Strength of An Offshore Floating Production and Storage Unit

The procedure of assessment of structural fatigue strength of an offshore floating production and storage and offloading unit (FPSO) in this paper. The emphasis is placed on the long-term prediction of wave induced loading, the refined finite element model for hot spot stress calculation, the combination of stress components, and fatigue damage assessment based on S-N curve.

Sinopec Adds Brazil Offshore Oil Reserves with Purchase of Galp Unit Stake

According to Bloomberg on November 12, China Petrochemical Corp., Asia’s biggest ref iner, agreed to buy a 30 percent stake in Galp Energia SGPS SA (GALP)’s Brazilian unit, its second invest- ment in offshore oil fields in Latin America’s largest economy in as many years.

Stochastic Unit Commitment with High-Penetration Offshore Wind Power Generation in Typhoon Scenarios

To tackle the energy crisis and climate change,wind farms are being heavily invested in across the world.In China's coastal areas,there are abundant wind resources and numerous offshore wind farms are being constructed.The secure operation of these wind farms may suffer from typhoons,and researchers have studied power system operation and resilience enhancement in typhoon scenarios.However,the intricate movement of a typhoon makes it challenging to evaluate its spatial-temporal impacts.Most published papers only consider predefined typhoon trajectories neglecting uncertainties.To address this challenge,this study proposes a stochastic unit commitment model that incorporates high-penetration offshore wind power generation in typhoon scenarios.It adopts a data-driven method to describe the uncertainties of typhoon trajectories and considers the realistic anti-typhoon mode in offshore wind farms.A two-stage stochastic unit commitment model is designed to enhance power system resilience in typhoon scenarios.We formulate the model into a mixed-integer linear programming problem and then solve it based on the computationally-efficient progressive hedging algorithm(PHA).Finally,numerical experiments validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Operation of offshore wind farms connected with DRU-HVDC transmission systems with special consideration of faults

The diode rectifier unit(DRU)-based high-voltage DC(DRU-HVDC) system is a promising solution for offshore wind energy transmission thanks to its compact design, high efficiency, and strong reliability. Herein we investigate the feasibility of the DRU-HVDC system considering onshore and offshore AC grid faults, DC cable faults, and internal DRU faults. To ensure safe operation during the faults, the wind turbine(WT) converters are designed to operate in either current-limiting or voltage-limiting mode to limit potential excessive overcurrent or overvoltage. Strategies for providing fault currents using WT converters during offshore AC faults to enable offshore overcurrent and differential fault protection are investigated. The DRU-HVDC system is robust against various faults, and it can automatically restore power transmission after fault isolation. Simulation results confirm the system performance under various fault conditions.

Discussion on Key Points of Wind Load of Jack-up Unit

The anti-overturning ability and structure safety of jack-up unit in in-place condition are often affected by environment loads, especially wind load. According to the MODU rule, the projected area method is used for calculating the wind load. However, the calculated results are conservative and not good for structure optimization design. In this paper, a 400 ft jack-up is studied as an example. Based on the wind tunnel test and numerical simulation method, some key points of wind load calculation, such as shielding effect, lift effect and shape coefficient of component, are discussed. The study shows that the points mentioned above, which are ignored in the MODU rule calculation, result in the conservative result.

Comparative Analysis of a Jack-up Drilling Unit with Different Leg Systems

杰克起来联合起来是钻平台在的最好之一近海有比 150 米浅的水深度的油域。作为杰克起来联合起来的最枢轴的部件，腿系统能直接影响杰克起来联合起来的全球表演。有三种腿的调查表演现在在世界上组织表格：反向的 K， X，和混合类型。以便在杰克起来联合起来的全球性能上澄清每一个，以及他们的效果的优点和缺点，这份报纸开始了学习性能目标一深海杰克起来与不同的腿系统(X 类型，反向的 K 类型，和混合类型) 联合起来。在这份报纸，一种典型的腿少量尺寸和相同外部负担被选择的、详细有限元素 snalysis (FEA ) 模型被造模仿杰克起来单位和春天元素的结构的行为，和多点的限制(MPC ) 元素被用来处理边界条件。最后，上述问题被他们的主要表演目标(包括的最终的静态的力量，动态反应，和重量) 的比较分析解决。

海洋石油工程起重船变幅钢丝绳无损检测的技术措施

海洋石油工程起重船变幅钢丝绳作为船舶起重机主要的受力构件,使用工况及环境较为特殊,为延长钢丝绳寿命及安全运营,对起重船的变幅钢丝绳进行预防性维护和安全性检测非常重要。文章阐述了国内外目前较为先进的无损检测技术及设备现状,剖析了在具体应用环节存在的问题,并提出了起重机变幅钢丝绳有效、准确检测的技术措施。

DYJ150型海洋带压作业机研制

针对国内没有满足海洋环境施工需求的带压作业机现状,研制了DYJ150型海洋带压作业机。该带压作业机通过使用模块化设计方案和快拆式结构,将单个组装模块的质量控制在海洋吊机的承载范围内,满足了海洋环境吊装需求,安装、拆卸方便快捷;采用高承载能力的举升/下压系统,并内置伸缩式油管防挠装置,增强了带压作业机的作业能力,扩展了其应用范围,满足了海洋复杂井的施工需求;采用大扭矩、高转速油浴润滑式旋转系统,并集成有冷却系统,满足了长时间连续钻塞、磨铣等特种作业需求;采用多功能工作窗,能够在管重和管轻2种不同工况下,快速完成工具串的安装和拆卸。所得结论可为海洋环境油气田带压作业技术的应用提供参考。

老龄海洋钻井平台综合评估和转型方向

为有效应对能源结构由油气向新能源加速调整引起的老龄海洋钻井平台需加速转型的情况,开展老龄海洋钻井平台评估和转型研究,以优化相关企业的装备结构,有序推进老龄装备的转型。从老龄海洋钻井平台的现状、评估依据、评估模型、评价指标及其权重的设定、转型梯队和触发条件等方面进行全面论述,提出针对老龄海洋钻井平台的综合评估方法和转型方向,为企业相关管理决策的制定提供参考。

基于LSTM的海上LNG转驳系统泄漏事故预测方法研究

在海上液化天然气(liquefied natural gas,LNG)转驳系统中,一旦发生泄漏事故,其后果将极其严重,可能引发火灾、爆炸、中毒等危害。液化天然气泄漏事故发生速度迅猛,因此如何快速进行泄漏扩散的预测对于应对突发事件下的人员疏散和设备保护至关重要。本研究构建了一种基于长短期记忆神经网络(long short-term memory,LSTM)的海上液化天然气转驳系统泄漏扩散预测模型,利用流体动力学仿真计算,获取了大量的基础数据集,然后通过训练,能够有效地对气体扩散浓度进行准确预测,所得结果的均方差和平均绝对误差均低于门控循环单元(gated recurrent unit,GRU)神经网络模型和反向传播神经网络模型。

海上风电装备产业基地生产设施设计

以某大型海上风电智能化装备产业园为例,概述风电产品的主要参数、风电机组和叶片的生产能力规划与特点,并据此分析其工艺流程和生产设施,拟定机组总装车间和叶片制作车间的工艺区划方案。在此基础上,基于工时计算确定工序工位数,结合工位尺寸形成车间的工艺布置,完成生产设施设计,为我国海上风电装备产业基地的规划建设提供参考。

海上气田开发评价中合理井距确定方法

海上气田评价阶段,受限于评价井数量和地质资料,常规气田开发井距确定方法应用受限。通过分析常用的开发井距确定方法,选取普适性较好的单井合理控制储量法、合理单井配产法和合理采气速度法等3种方法进行分析,明确了该类方法开发井距确定中的关键参数,即气井稳定产量、合理采气速度、稳产年限及稳产期末采出程度,基于类比数据进行图版回归,明确了各关键参数的取值方法。此外,通过统计回归和概率分析方法,形成了不同物性条件下、不同气藏类型的经验图版。研究结果表明:①统计回归表格及图版可快速确定影响气田开发的相关关键参数,即合理采气速度、稳产年限及稳产期末采出程度;②基于已开发气田形成的气田井控面积法与单位厚度井控储量法,可用于气田开发井距的直接读取和快速确定;③相关研究成果在西非深水气田A中得到成功应用,确定该深水低渗气田合理井距为1000~1200 m。研究成果可为气田开发评价中合理井距的确定提供经验和借鉴。

An Integrated Method of Data Mining and Flow Unit Identification for Typical Low Permeability Reservoir Prediction

With the development of oilfield exploration and mining, the research on continental oil and gas reservoirs has been gradually refined, and the exploration target of offshore reservoir has also entered the hot studystage of small sand bodies, small fault blocks, complex structures, low permeability and various heterogeneous geological bodies. Thus, the marine oil and gas development will inevitably enter thecomplicated reservoir stage;meanwhile the corresponding assessment technologies, engineering measures andexploration method should be designed delicately. Studying on hydraulic flow unit of low permeability reservoir of offshore oilfield has practical significance for connectivity degree and remaining oil distribution. An integrated method which contains the data mining and flow unit identification part was used on the flow unit prediction of low permeability reservoir;the predicted results?were compared with mature commercial system results for verifying its application. This strategy is successfully applied to increase the accuracy by choosing the outstanding prediction result. Excellent computing system could provide more accurate geological information for reservoir characterization.

基于多智能体的海上油气平台风-燃协调频率辅助控制策略

为了提高含风电的远海油气平台电网的调频能力,基于多智能体一致性理论,提出了一种以双馈感应电机为单元的风电场与海上油气平台燃气透平机组的协调频率辅助控制方法。将远海孤立电网视为多智能体系统,将风电场与海上油气平台燃气透平机组看作智能体,基于海上电力网络的拓扑信息构建多智能体系统通信网络,实现各智能体之间的信息交互;分别建立风电场和海上油气平台燃气透平机组的频率辅助控制多智能体模型,基于多智能体一致性算法给出控制器结构,基于多智能体通信网络实现风电场智能体与海上油气平台燃气透平机组智能体之间的频率协调控制;通过线性二次型最优控制对控制器参数进行优化。基于算例仿真验证所提控制方法的有效性,结果表明所提协调频率辅助控制方法能有效提高系统的频率调节能力,抑制频率波动。

全直流海上风电场建设的机组用电方案研究

因各种故障导致海上风电场与大电网彻底断开联系时,为避免海上风机因停机失电而可能造成的各类机械部件疲劳损伤,以及保证全直流海上风电场孤岛模式下的安全稳定运行,风机需配置合适的应急电源,同时还面临着设备配置选择、运行操作方式等问题。因此提出基于光柴储微电网技术的海上风电机组应急用电方案,并通过仿真计算分析验证了方案的可行性。结果表明该方案更适用于易受环境和能源约束的全直流海上风电场,使海上风机具备孤岛运行的能力,极大地提高了海上风电场的安全性和稳定性,较大程度地利用清洁能源,进一步推动海上风电低碳经济发展。该方案也为今后全直流海上风电场孤岛模式下的机组用电问题研究提供了新思路。

采用二极管整流单元和模块化多电平换流器的混合型远海风电送出方案

目前基于模块化多电平换流器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)的柔性直流输电系统是远海风电并网的典型方案,而整流站采用二极管不控整流单元(diode rectifier unit,DRU)可以进一步提升直流输电系统的经济性和可靠性。基于DRU的海上风电并网方案能否实施的关键在于海上交流系统电压的幅值和频率能否得到有效控制。为此,提出在整流侧采用DRU和MMC并联的混合型远海风电送出方案。首先,阐明了混合型远海风电送出系统的拓扑结构和运行特性,DRU承担全部海上风电功率传输任务,整流侧小容量MMC用来建立海上交流系统的交流电压幅值和频率,并为DRU提供无功功率补偿。针对这一控制目标,提出混合型远海风电送出系统协调控制和故障穿越策略,其中,整流侧MMC采用附加有功功率控制的交流电压幅值/频率控制,风电机组在海上交流系统故障时主动降低输出电流。最后,在PSCAD/EMTDC中对风速波动、海上交流系统短路故障、陆上交流电网短路故障进行电磁暂态仿真,验证所提出方案的可行性。

基于构网型风电机组和二极管整流单元的海上风电场黑启动策略

基于构网型风电机组和二极管整流单元(diode rectifier unit,DRU)的中远距离海上风电送出方案具有技术经济性优势。由于DRU必须在交流电压支撑下才能工作,并且其功率传输具有单向性,因此DRU或陆上电网均无法启动海上风电场。在这种情况下,构网型风电机组可以作为海上风电场的黑启动电源。首先,介绍了2种构网型海上风电经DRU送出系统的拓扑。接着,阐明了构网型风电机组的结构和控制策略,分析了风电机组并网启动时的自同步过程。然后,研究了海上交流系统的无功功率平衡,提出了避免风电机组启动时无功功率过载的措施,在此基础上提出了海上风电场黑启动策略。最后,在PSCAD/EMTDC中搭建了中频构网型海上风电直流送出系统和低频构网型海上风电交流送出系统的电磁暂态仿真模型,对海上风电场黑启动过程进行仿真,风电场平稳启动的仿真结果验证了所提基于构网型风电机组的黑启动策略的有效性。

Resilient Power Systems Operation with Offshore Wind Farms and Cloud Data Centers

To enhance the resilience of power systems with offshore wind farms(OWFs),a proactive scheduling scheme is proposed to unlock the flexibility of cloud data centers(CDCs)responding to uncertain spatial and temporal impacts induced by hurricanes.The total life simulation(TLS)is adopted to project the local weather conditions at transmission lines and OWFs,before,during,and after the hurricane.The static power curve of wind turbines(WTs)is used to capture the output of OWFs,and the fragility analysis of transmission-line components is used to formulate the time-varying failure rates of transmission lines.A novel distributionally robust ambiguity set is constructed with a discrete support set,where the impacts of hurricanes are depicted by these supports.To minimize load sheddings and dropping workloads,the spatial and temporal demand response capabilities of CDCs according to task migration and delay tolerance are incorporated into resilient management.The flexibilities of CDC’s power consumption are integrated into a two-stage distributionally robust optimization problem with conditional value at risk(CVaR).Based on Lagrange duality,this problem is reformulated into its deterministic counterpart and solved by a novel decomposition method with hybrid cuts,admitting fewer iterations and a faster convergence rate.The effectiveness of the proposed resilient management strategy is verified through case studies conducted on the modified IEEERTS 24 system,which includes 4 data centers and 5 offshore wind farms.

考虑尾流效应的分布式海上风电制氢集群容量优化配置

离岸海上风电制氢是中远海风力资源利用的重要方式,而分布式风电制氢机组由于无须集中汇流与大规模平台搭建,成为学界业界重点关注的技术路线。然而,受风场尾流效应影响,分布式风电制氢集群不同机组之间的运行状态相互耦合,制氢能力存在差异。文中提出考虑尾流效应的分布式风电制氢容量优化模型,基于机组协同控制对电解池容量空间分布进行优化配置。算例选取中国江苏省海域实际风源数据进行研究。首先,考虑尾流效应的风电制氢机组的协同控制可有效提高约3.05%的年期望制氢量。进一步,相比于电解池容量空间均匀分布方案,文中所得出的边缘大、内部小的最优容量空间配置方案可降低海上风电制氢的平准化制氢成本,验证了所提优化模型的有效性。