South africa was africa’s economic giant,creating the miracle of accounting for one third of the continent’s GDP though its population was only 6 percent of the entire African population.However,subsequently,excepti...South africa was africa’s economic giant,creating the miracle of accounting for one third of the continent’s GDP though its population was only 6 percent of the entire African population.However,subsequently,exceptionally high unemployment,socio-economic inequalities,an ailing electricity generation capability,and the recent xenophobic attacks have challenged its position, in 2013, Nigeria became Africa＇s new biggest economy, with the ＂Rainbow Nation＂ on a downward spiraL.展开更多
This article recounts China’s renminbi(RMB)internationalisation experiences since the 2009 RMB cross-border trade settlement ini-tiative.In the first few years,the RMB made inroads into global financial markets and h...This article recounts China’s renminbi(RMB)internationalisation experiences since the 2009 RMB cross-border trade settlement ini-tiative.In the first few years,the RMB made inroads into global financial markets and had a few remarkable accomplishments,including the Special Drawing Right currency status.Since the 2015 market turmoil,RMB internationalisation has levelled off–possibly due to changes in both domestic and geopolitical condi-tions.The RMB is currently under-represented in the global mar-ket.China’s deliberate and schematic policies will elevate the RMB’s global stature in a gradual manner but there will not be a leapfrogging in the near term.展开更多
We explore how China's geographically targeted policies impact RMB overseas use individually or in combination.The policies include swap agreements,clearing banks,investment quotas,and direct trading between Chine...We explore how China's geographically targeted policies impact RMB overseas use individually or in combination.The policies include swap agreements,clearing banks,investment quotas,and direct trading between Chinese renminbi(RMB)and non-USD currencies.Adopting a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis and using Bank of International Settlements cross-country data on foreign exchange markets,we find that institution building has lowered the barriers to international adoption of the RMB.Specifically,for countries economically close to China,high RMB trading is explained by either(i)having a clearing bank in the host market and direct quotations between the RMB and the local currency,or(ii)being a financial center and having access to the Chinese capital market.This combination of policies is explained by the creation of(i)"trading posts"that provide RMB liquidity abroad,and(ii)channels that allow actors to " recycle" offshore RMB funds.We triangulate our results with interviews conducted with senior People’s Bank of China officials.展开更多
文摘South africa was africa’s economic giant,creating the miracle of accounting for one third of the continent’s GDP though its population was only 6 percent of the entire African population.However,subsequently,exceptionally high unemployment,socio-economic inequalities,an ailing electricity generation capability,and the recent xenophobic attacks have challenged its position, in 2013, Nigeria became Africa＇s new biggest economy, with the ＂Rainbow Nation＂ on a downward spiraL.
文摘This article recounts China’s renminbi(RMB)internationalisation experiences since the 2009 RMB cross-border trade settlement ini-tiative.In the first few years,the RMB made inroads into global financial markets and had a few remarkable accomplishments,including the Special Drawing Right currency status.Since the 2015 market turmoil,RMB internationalisation has levelled off–possibly due to changes in both domestic and geopolitical condi-tions.The RMB is currently under-represented in the global mar-ket.China’s deliberate and schematic policies will elevate the RMB’s global stature in a gradual manner but there will not be a leapfrogging in the near term.
文摘We explore how China's geographically targeted policies impact RMB overseas use individually or in combination.The policies include swap agreements,clearing banks,investment quotas,and direct trading between Chinese renminbi(RMB)and non-USD currencies.Adopting a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis and using Bank of International Settlements cross-country data on foreign exchange markets,we find that institution building has lowered the barriers to international adoption of the RMB.Specifically,for countries economically close to China,high RMB trading is explained by either(i)having a clearing bank in the host market and direct quotations between the RMB and the local currency,or(ii)being a financial center and having access to the Chinese capital market.This combination of policies is explained by the creation of(i)"trading posts"that provide RMB liquidity abroad,and(ii)channels that allow actors to " recycle" offshore RMB funds.We triangulate our results with interviews conducted with senior People’s Bank of China officials.
